ada2 Flashcards
What is the primary end point of the Finerenone in Reducing Cardiovascular Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial?
The primary end point was reduced cardiovascular outcome.
What is the recommended use of SGLT2 inhibitors in individuals with type 2 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease?
Use of an SGLT2 inhibitor is recommended to reduce CKD progression and cardiovascular events.
Describe the two different classes of MRAs.
There are two different classes of MRAs, steroidal and nonsteroidal.
What is the risk associated with MRAs in diabetic kidney disease?
The risk of hyperkalemia is associated with MRAs in diabetic kidney disease.
What is the mean albuminuria in people with an eGFR of 20 mL/min/1.73 m²?
The mean albuminuria was 852 mg/g (interquartile range 446-1,634 mg/g).
How did finerenone compare with placebo in reducing cardiovascular outcome?
Finerenone had a lower hazard ratio (HR 0.82) compared to placebo in reducing cardiovascular outcome.
What percentage of the study group experienced hyperkalemia-related discontinuation?
2.3% of the study group experienced hyperkalemia-related discontinuation.
What are ongoing clinical trials focusing on?
Ongoing clinical trials are focusing on CKD and cardiovascular outcomes in people with diabetes.
What is the purpose of the FIDELITY analysis?
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of finerenone in individuals with chronic kidney disease.
Describe the findings of the FIDELITY analysis.
The analysis showed a 14% reduction in composite cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and hospitalization for individuals with chronic kidney disease.
How does finerenone compare to the placebo group in terms of hyperkalemia incidence?
There was a higher incidence of hyperkalemia in the finerenone group compared to the placebo group.
Define chronic kidney disease (CKD).
A condition characterized by the gradual loss of kidney function over time.
What should healthcare professionals educate their patients about regarding CKD?
They should educate their patients about the progressive nature of CKD, the kidney preservation benefits of proactive treatment of blood pressure and blood glucose, and the potential need for renal replacement therapy.
Describe the relationship between diabetes and nephropathy.
Diabetes is a risk factor for the development of nephropathy, a condition characterized by kidney damage and impaired kidney function.
What is the purpose of the randomized clinical trial mentioned in the content?
The purpose of the randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the effects of blood-pressure lowering and glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Define acute kidney injury.
Acute kidney injury refers to a sudden and temporary loss of kidney function, often caused by a decrease in blood flow to the kidneys or direct damage to the kidneys.
How do SGLT2 inhibitors impact the risk of acute kidney injury in patients?
A propensity-matched analysis showed that SGLT2 inhibitors may increase the risk of acute kidney injury in patients with diabetes.
Describe the findings of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME study.
The EMPA-REG OUTCOME study found that empagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, reduced the risk of cardiovascular events and progression of kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Describe the CREDENCE study.
The CREDENCE study investigated the effects of Canagliflozin on cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease stages 3A, 3B, or 4.
What are the potential benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors in diabetic kidney disease?
SGLT2 inhibitors, such as Canagliflozin, may reduce inflammation, fibrosis biomarkers, and hypertension, leading to improved kidney function in diabetic kidney disease.
Define chronic kidney disease.
Chronic kidney disease refers to the gradual loss of kidney function over time, often caused by conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure.
How do SGLT2 inhibitors work in diabetes?
SGLT2 inhibitors, like Canagliflozin, work by blocking the reabsorption of glucose in the kidneys, leading to increased glucose excretion in the urine and lower blood sugar levels.
Describe the effects of Canagliflozin on intrarenal angiotensinogen augmentation.
Canagliflozin prevents intrarenal angiotensinogen augmentation, which can help reduce kidney injury and hypertension in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Describe the effects of Canagliflozin on intrarenal angiotensinogen augmentation.
Canagliflozin prevents intrarenal angiotensinogen augmentation, which can help reduce kidney injury and hypertension in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus.