Flashcards in Practical Exam 1 Deck (185)
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1
power switch
provides electrical power to the microscope
2
ocular (eyepiece)
contains a 10x magnification lens
3
diopter adjustment ring
to compensate for differences in acuity between eyes
4
objectives
lenses of varying magnification (4x, 10x, 20x, 40x, 100x). The magnification values are usually engraved on the objective
5
stage
platform upon which the slide is positioned for focusing
6
slide holder
holds slide in place for x-y movement around stage
7
X-Y axis knobs
move slide holder vertically or horizontally around stage
8
coarse focus
large knobs on both sides of the microscope base that allow for initial focusing of the object to be viewed
9
fine focus
small knobs on both sides of the microscope base that allow for refinement of detail in focusing
10
condenser
a lens just under the stage and the specimen that concentrates the light under the specimen
11
aperture iris diaphragm
it controls the amount of light passing through the specimen, which therefore helps control the contrast and resolution of the image seen
12
condenser centering screws
to adjust positioning of the condenser lens
13
field iris diaphragm ring
controls how much of the original light source gets sent to the condenser
14
light intensity knob
controls the intensity (voltage) of light sent through the field of iris diaphragm
15
magnification
the number of times an image's size is enlarged
16
total magnification with a 4x objective lens
40x (10x ocular lens and 4x objective lens)
17
total magnification with a 10x objective lens
100x (10x ocular lens and 10x objective lens)
18
total magnification with a 40x objective lens
400x (10x ocular lens and 40x objective lens)
19
total magnification with a 100x objective lens
1000x (10x ocular lens and 100x objective lens)
20
resolution
ability to separate two distinct structures under a microscope
21
tissue
cluster of cells that are similar in structure and function
22
4 major tissues in the body
epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve (neural)
23
common characteristics of epithelial tissue
composition: sheets of cells that line and cover body surfaces, both internally and externally
major functions: protection of surfaces, secretion or excretion of biochemical substances or absorption of material
epithelial cells are anchored to underlying tissues by means of a basement membrane (aka basal lamina) , a glue-like material secreted by the base layer of epithelial cells. It's basically a non-living network of fibers that cements the epithelial cells to the underlying connective tissue
24
microvilli
finger-like projections of the epithelial cells that serve to increase the surface area to increase absorption, secretion, or excretion. when the apical surface is covered with microvilli it is often regerred to as the brush border. the intestines is one place you'll see lots of microvilli because lots of absorption needs to take place
25
cilia
long hair-like structures that beat in a rhythmic fashion to help move materials across the epithelial cell's surface. you'll see cilia oin the lungs
26
keratin
a protective waterproof material that is produced in the epithelial cells found in skin
27
simple
one layer
28
stratified
two or more layers
29
squamous
very thin; but from a different angle they look like fried eggs
30
