PRACTICAL EXAM 2 FUNCTIONS/TERMS GUIDE Flashcards
1
Q
Sutural Bones
A
Skull
2
Q
Irregular Bones
A
vertebra, pelvis
3
Q
Short Bones
A
Tarsal/Carpal bones
4
Q
Flat Bones
A
roof of skull, sternum, ribs, scapulae
5
Q
Long Bones
A
femur, long bone of the thigh, humerus
6
Q
Sesamoid Bone
A
Patella/kneecaps
7
Q
Supra-orbital foramen: Nerve/Artery
A
Supra-orbital artery
8
Q
Optic Canal
A
optic nerve
9
Q
superior orbital fissure
A
oculomotor nerve
10
Q
inferior orbital fissure
A
maxillary division
11
Q
infra-orbital foramen
A
intra-orbital artery
12
Q
foramen lacerum
A
internal carotid artery
13
Q
foramen ovale
A
trigeminal nerve
14
Q
carotid canal
A
internal carotid artery
15
Q
sylomastoid foramen
A
facial nerve
16
Q
foramen magnum
A
accessory nerve
17
Q
jugular foramen
A
internal jugular vein
18
Q
foramen rotundum
A
maxillary nerve
19
Q
foramen spunosum
A
mandibular nerve
20
Q
Displaced fracture
A
bone move so much that a gap forms
21
Q
nondisplaced fracture
A
bones didn’t move enough to allow a gap to form
22
Q
compound fracture:
A
bone out of the skin
23
Q
simple fracture
A
bone in skin
24
Q
comminuted fracture
A
broken in 2 places
25
greenstick fracture
incomplete, partially broken
26
depressed fracture
break w/ bone in cranial towards brain
27
Axial skeleton involves _____ while appendicular involves _____
skull, ribs, sternum, spine >>>> arms, legs, clavicle, pelvis.
28
lacuna are the ______
spaces between lamellae
29
canaliculus are
tiny canals that connects lacunae.
30
Paranasal sinuses include what skull bones
maxillae, ethmoid, sphenoid, and frontal.
31
Occipitofrontalis
Raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead and moves scalp
32
orbicularis oculi
closes eyes (blinking and squinting)
33
zygomaticus major and minor
raise corner of mouth (smiling) and upper lip exposing teeth (snarling)
34
buccinator
draws corners of mouth laterally, sucking in cheeks, assists in holding food between teeth when chewing.
35
Platysma
tenses neck skin and depresses mandible, pouting muscle
36
superior rectus
the eye looks up
37
inferior rectus
the eye looks down
38
medial rectus
the eye looks medially
39
lateral rectus
looks laterally
40
superior oblique
looks down laterally
41
inferior oblique
looks up laterally
42
masseter
elevates the audible and closes the jaw.
43
temporalis
elevates the mandible and closes jaw
44
genioglossus
from internal surface of mandible to base of tongue; protracts the tongue, can also depress tongue
45
styloglossus
from styloid process of temporal one to lateral tongue, retracts and elevates the tongue
46
hyoglossus
hyoid bone to inferior tongue, depresses the tongue
47
sternocleidomastoid
bilateral contraction flexes the ne: prayer muscle; unilateral contraction rotates and flexes neck to opposite side, as in saying no
48
scalenes
located deep to sternocleidomastoid, elevates 1 and 2nd ribs during inspiration, also flexes neck
49
trapezius
elevates, rotates, retracts and represses scapula: shrugging shoulders, and extends heads
50
splenius capitis
located deep to trapezius; bilaterally extends or hyperextends neck, unilaterally rotates and laterally flexes neck
51
pectoralis major
mover of air flexion, adducts and medially rotates (push ups)
52
Serratus anterior
abducts and rotates scapula upwards (boxing muscle)
53
external intercostals
elevate ribs during inhalation
54
internal intercostals
depress ribs during forced exhalation
55
diaphragm
mover of inflation, increases thorax volume
56
rectus abdominis
flexes and rotates lumbar region of vertebral column; sit ups
57
external and internal obliques
flex and roate vertebral column; compress abdomen.
58
transversus aabdominis
compresses abdomen
59
latissimus dorsi
mover of arm extension; powerful arm adductor; medially rotates arm at shoulder; chin-up muscles
60
erector spinae
group of muscles running from the lumbar vertebra, sacrum, and iliac crest- movers of back extension.
61
the source of signals in the electromyography is the result of what
depolarization; chemical change
62
what is the relationship of clench strengths and voltages
More AP's mean that there are more motor-units that are needed for contraction
63
ACL helps to
prevent the forward sliding of the tibia and hyperextension of the knee
64
Gouty arthritis
It causes sudden and intense attacks of joint pain, often in the big toe and at night. It can also strike joints in other toes or the ankle or knee. People with osteoarthritis in their fingers may experience their first gout attack in their finger joints.
65
Rheumatoid arthritis
a chronic (long-lasting) autoimmune disease that mostly affects joints. RA occurs when the immune system, which normally helps protect the body from infection and disease, attacks its own tissues. The disease causes pain, swelling, stiffness, and loss of function in joints.
66
Osteoarthritis
a degenerative joint disease, in which the tissues in the joint break down over time. It is the most common type of arthritis and is more common in older people. People with osteoarthritis usually have joint pain and, after rest or inactivity, stiffness for a short period of time.
