Practical Exam- Muscles Flashcards by Becs Shaw

Biceps Brachii

O=
Short head - Coracoid Process of the Scapula
Long head - Supraglenoid Tubercle of the scapula

I= Radial Tuberosity of the Radius

Agonist exercise= Biceps Curl

Joint Action = Flexion & Extension

Contraction = Concentric & Eccentric

Plane = Sagital Plane Axis= Frontal

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Brachialis

O= Humerus - Anterior surface of distal humerus

I= Ulna - Coranoid process and tuberosity

Agonist exercise = Dumbbell hammer curls

Joint Action = Flexion & Extension

Contraction = Con / Ecc

Plane = Sagital Plane Axis= frontal

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Brachioradialis

O= Lateral supracondyle ridge of the Humerus

I= Lateral surface of distal end of Radius

Agonist exercise = Dumbbell hammer curls

Joint Action = Flexion & Extension

Contraction = Con / Ecc

Plane = Sagital Plane Axis= frontal

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Triceps brachii

O=
Medial Head - Humerus - Bottom 1/3 posterior shaft
Lateral Head - Humerus - Top 1/3, above radial groove
Long Head - Scapula - Infraglenoid Tubercle

I= Ulna - Olecreon of the Ulna

Agonist exercise = Tricep Pull down

Joint Action = Elbow extension

Contraction = Concentric & Eccentric

Plane = Sagital Plane Axis= Frontal

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Pronator teres

O= Humerus - Medial epicondyle & Ulna - Coronoid process

I= Radius - Middle of lateral surface

Agonist exercise = Resistance band - Pronation

Joint Action = Elbow pronation

Contraction = Con/Ecc

Plane = Transverse Axis= Vertical

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Supinator

O= Humerus - Lateral epicondyle

I= Radius - Proximal 1/3 - anterior, posterior and lateral surface

Agonist exercise = Resistance band - supination

Joint Action = Elbow supination

Contraction = Con/Ecc

Plane = Transverse Axis= Vertical

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Pectoralis major

Clavicular Head
O= Medial half of clavicle
Sternal Head
O= Sternum and costal cartilage (1-6)

I= Greater tubercle crest of Humerus

Agonist exercise = Bench Press

Joint Action = Horizontal shoulder adduction

Contraction = Concentric & Eccentric

Plane = Transverse Plane Axis= Vertical

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Latissimus dorsi

O= 
R - Ribs - Lower 3 or 4
S - Sacrum
I - Iliac Crest - posterior part
T - Thoracolumbar Fascia
S - Spine - Thoracic 7-12 & Lumbar 1-5

I= Humerus - Floor of intertubercular groove

Agonist exercise = Seated Row

Joint Action = Shoulder - Extension/Flexion

Contraction = Con / Ecc

Plane = Sagital Axis= Frontal

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Deltoid

O=
Anterior - O= Lateral 1/3 of clavicle
Middle - O= Scapula - Acromion - lateral margin, superior surface
Posterior - O= Spine of the scapula - Inferior lip of posterior border

I= Humerus - Deltoid tuberosity

Agonist exercise = Lateral Raise - dumbells

Joint Action = Shoulder Abduction

Contraction = Con/Ecc

Plane = Frontal Axis= Sagital

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Supraspinatus

O= Scapula - Supraspinatus Fossa

I = Humerus - Greater Tuberosity

Agonist exercise = Lateral Raise

Joint Action = Shoulder abduction

Contraction = Con/Ecc

Plane = Frontal Axis= Sagital

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Infraspinatus

O= Scapula - Infraspinatus Fossa

I= Humerus - Greater Tuberosity

Agonist exercise = External rotation with resistance band

Joint Action = Shoulder external rotation

Contraction = Con /Ecc

Plane = Transverse Axis= Vertical

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Serratus anterior

O= Ribs 1-8 OR 1-9 - Outer surface and superior border

I = Scapula - Costal (Anterior) surface of medial border

Agonist exercise = Push up plus

Joint Action = Scapula protraction

Contraction = Protraction/retraction

Plane = Transverse Axis= Vertical

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Upper Trapezius

O= Occipital Bone
Nuchal Ligament
Cervical Vertebrae C7 - Spinous Process

I= Clavicle - Lateral 1/3

Agonist exercise = Weighted shoulder shrugs

Joint Action = Scapula elevation

Contraction = Con/Ecc

Plane = Frontal Axis= Sagital

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Middle Trapezius

O= Thoracic Vertebrae T1-4 - Spinous Processes

I= Scapula - Spine lateral 1/3 and Acromion Process

Agonist exercise = Seated Row

Joint Action = Scapula - Retraction/Protraction

Contraction = Con / Ecc

Plane = Transverse Axis= Vertical

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Lower Trapezius

O= Thoracic Vertebrae T5-12 - Spinous Process

I= Scapula - Spine - medial third

Agonist exercise = Seated Row

Joint Action = Scapula - Retraction/Protraction

Contraction = Con / Ecc

Plane = Transverse Axis= Vertical

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Rhomboids

O= Thoracic Vertebrae 2-5 - Spinous Processes

I= Scapula - Medial Border

Agonist or synergist exercise = Seated Row

Joint Action = Scapula - Retraction/Protraction

Contraction = Con / Ecc

Plane = Transverse Axis= Vertical

Rectus abdominis

O = Pelvis - Pubic symphysis and Pubic Ramus

I = Sternum - Xiphoid process
Ribs - Costal cartilage 5-7

Agonist or synergist exercise = Sit up /Crunch

Joint Action = Trunk - Flexion/Extension

Contraction = Con/Ecc

Plane = Sagital Axis= Frontal

External oblique

O= Ribs 5-8 - External surface

I= Linea albia
Pubic crest and pubic tubercle
Pelvis - superior iliac spine
Pelvis - lateral aspect Iliac Crest

Agonist or synergist exercise = Sit up /Crunch

Joint Action = Trunk - Flexion/Extension

Contraction = Con/Ecc

Plane = Sagital Axis= Frontal

Internal oblique

O= Spine - Thoracolumbar fascia
Pelvis - Iliac crest
Pelvis - Inguinal ligament

I= Pelvis - pubic crest
Linea albia
Ribs - lower 3-4

Agonist or synergist exercise = Sit up /Crunch

Joint Action = Trunk - Flexion/Extension

Contraction = Con/Ecc

Plane = Sagital Axis= Frontal

Erector spinae

O= Sacrum
Spine - L1-5 & T11-12 Spinous process

I= Ribs - lower 6-7 & upper 6-7 inferior border
Spine - C4-C7 Transverse process

Agonist exercise = Prone back extensions

Joint Action = Truck - extension/flexion

Contraction = Con/Ecc

Plane = Sagital Axis= Frontal

Quadratus lumborum

O= Posterior border of iliac crest

I= Inferior border of rib 12, transverse processes of vertebrae L1-L4

Agonist or synergist exercise = Prone back extensions

Joint Action = Truck - extension/flexion

Contraction = Con/Ecc

Plane = Sagital Axis= Frontal

Iliopsoas

Iliacus:
O = Pelvis - iliac fossa
I= Femur - Lesser trochanter

Psoas Major:
O= Spine - T12 + L1-L5 - Lateral aspect
I= Femur Lesser trochanter

Agonist or synergist exercise = Lying leg raise

Joint Action = Hip - Flexion / Extension

Contraction = Con/Ecc

Plane = Sagital Axis= Frontal

Tensor fasciae latae

O= Pelvis - Iliac crest (Anterior), ASIS
Fascia Lata

I= Tibia - Lateral condyle

Agonist or synergist exercise = Lying leg raise

Joint Action = Hip - Flexion / Extension

Contraction = Con/Ecc

Plane = Sagital Axis= Frontal

Rectus femoris

O= Pelvis - AIIS

I= Patella - proximal surface, Patella ligament & tibia - tibia tuberosity

Agonist or synergist exercise = Lying leg raise

Joint Action = Hip - Flexion / Extension

Contraction = Con/Ecc

Plane = Sagital Axis= Frontal

Gluteus maximus

O= Pelvis - iliac crest & Sacrum - posterior part I= Femur - Gluteal tuberosity & IT band Agonist exercise = Squat Joint Action = Hip - Flexion/extension Contraction = Ecc/Con Plane = Sagital Axis= Frontal

Biceps femoris

Short head O= Femur - linea aspera I= Fibula, proximal head Long head O= Pelvis - ischial tuberosity I= Fibula - head Agonist or synergist exercise = Standing hamstring curl Joint Action = Knee - Flexion/Extension Contraction = Con/Ecc Plane = Sagital Axis= frontal

Semimembranosus and semitendinosus

``` O= Pelvis - Ischial Tuberosity I= Tibia - medial condyle ``` Agonist or synergist exercise = Standing hamstring curl Joint Action = Knee - Flexion/Extension Contraction = Con/Ecc Plane = Sagital Axis= frontal

Adductor longus

O= Pubis - Anterior surface I= Femur - Linea aspera - Middle 1/3, medial lip Agonist exercise = Hip Adductor machine Joint Action = Hip adduction Contraction = Con / Ecc Plane = Frontal Plane Axis= Sagital

Adductor magnus

O= Pubis - Inferior ramus of pubis & Pelvis - Ischial tuberosity I= Femur - Distal aspect of linea aspera and adductor tubercle Agonist exercise = Hip Adductor machine Joint Action = Hip adduction Contraction = Con / Ecc Plane = Frontal Plane Axis= Sagital

Gluteus medius

O= Pelvis - iliac crest I= Femur - Greater trochanter Agonist exercise = Lying leg raise Joint Action = Hip Abduction Contraction = Con/Ecc Plane = Frontal Axis= Sagital

Quadriceps (vastii group)

Vastus Lateralis- O= Femur - Greater Trochanter and Lateral lip of linea aspera I= Patella - Lateral superior part, patella ligament and Tibia tuberosity Vastus Medialis - O= Femur - Intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera I= Patella - medially, patella ligament, tibia tuberosity Vastus intermedius- O= Femur - anterior & lateral surface of the body I= Patella - superior surface, patella ligament, tibia tuberosity Agonist exercise = Seated knee extension Joint Action = Knee extension/flexion Contraction = Con/Ecc Plane = Sagital Axis= Frontal

Gastrocnemius

O= Femur - Medial & Lateral epicondyle I= Achilles tendon into posterior surface of calcaneus Agonist exercise = Calf raises Joint Action = Ankle planter flexion Contraction = Con/Ecc Plane = Sagital Axis= Frontal

Soleus

O= Tibia - Soleal line & Fibula - Proximal 1/3 Posterior I= Forms Achilles tendon and inserts into Calcaneus - posterior surface Agonist exercise = Calf raises Joint Action = Ankle - planter flexion/ Dorsiflexion Contraction = Con/Ecc Plane = Sagital Axis= Frontal

Peroneus Longus

O= Fibula - Head and upper 1/2 lateral shaft I= Medial Cuneiform and 1st Metatarsal - lateral side Agonist exercise = lying resistance band Joint Action = Ankle eversion Contraction = con/ecc Plane = Frontal Axis= sagital

Tibialis anterior

O= Tibia - Lateral condyle and lateral surface of proximal 1/2 & interosseous membrane I= Medial coneiform and base of 1st metatarsal bone Agonist exercise = Dorsiflexion wit resistance band around foot Joint Action = Ankle dorsiflexion Contraction = Con/Ecc Plane = Sagital Axis= Frontal