Practical Modules 2 and 3 Flashcards
1
Q
Hydra
A
-Phylum Cnidaria
2
Q
Planaria
A
-Phylum Platyhelminthes
3
Q
European Earthworm
A
- Latin: Lumbricus terrestris
- Phylum Annelida
- Alimentary canal and closed circulatory system
- Aortic arches: enlarged lateral blood vessels, pump blood through circulatory system (circulatory)
4
Q
Crayfish
A
- Phylum Arthropoda
- Latin: Procambarus clarkii
- Gills: Gas-exchange/breathing (respiratory)
- **Swimmerettes attached to it
- Heart: pumpin hemolymph (circulatory)
- Cardiac stomach: grind up food using beat of heat (digestive)
- Open circulatory system
- Male= enlarged swimmerets and genital opening
5
Q
Vertebrate Phylum
A
-Phylum Chordata
6
Q
Bullfrog
A
- Latin: Lithobates catesbeiana
- Female= eggs everywhere
- Male= testes (small beans)
- 3-chambered heart: 1 ventricle, 2 atria
7
Q
Domestic Pig
A
- Latin: Sus scrofa domesticus
- Closed circulatory system
- Alimentary canal
8
Q
What is the function of the grastrovascular cavity?
A
- Single opening for intake of food and expelling waste
- Distributes nutrients to cells of organism
9
Q
Budding of a Hydra
A
- Serves as asexual reproduction
- Clone of a parent grows out of the body wall and breaks off when long enough
10
Q
Planaria
A
- Gastrovascular cavity= darker than surroundings
- Diffuses gasses through the skin
- Open circulatory system
11
Q
Cellular Respiration
A
- Fxn: Oxygen consumed to convert glucose into energy
- Gas exchange bcuz O2 needed to convert food into CO2 and ATP
12
Q
Mass and Measures of metabolic rate
A
- Mass increase, Mass-specific metabolic rate deacreases (ppt CO2/g/min)
- **Cells need more energy in smaller
- Mass increase, average CO2 production rate increases
13
Q
Respirometry
A
-Use of gas exchange to measure metabolic rates and energy consumption
14
Q
Digestive System
A
- Ingestion (the act of eating or feeding)
- Digestion (food is broken down into molecules small enough for the body to absorb)
- Absorption
- Elimination (unprocessed materials pass through the digestive system and exit through the anus)
15
Q
Respiratory system
A
- Responsible for taking in oxygen
- Expelling carbon dioxide
- Lungs carry out the exchange of gases as we breathe
16
Q
Circulatory system
A
-To transport nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to cells throughout the body and removal of metabolic wastes
17
Q
Osmoregulatory system
A
- kidneys are the main organ
- Function is to filter blood and maintain the dissolved ion concentrations of body fluids
18
Q
Epidermis
A
- Hydra
- Outer layer of skin
19
Q
Gastrodermis
A
- Hydra
- Inner layer
20
Q
Tentacles
A
- Hydra
- Stining cells to capture prey
21
Q
Base
A
- Hydra
- Non-tenticle end
22
Q
Mouth
A
- Hydra
- Underneath tenacles
23
Q
Pharynx
A
- Planaria
- Used for taking food in
- Expelling waste
24
Q
Protonephridia
A
- Planaria
- network of dead-end tubules lacking internal opening
- osmoregulation
- excretion
25
Coelom
- a body cavity
- Cushions internal organs
- Prevents internal injury
- Non-compressive skeleton used for movement
- Gives internal organs room to grow
26
Intestine
- Digestion
| - Absorbs nutrients
27
Typhlosole
- Earthworm
- dorsal flap of the intestine that runs along most of its length, and increases intestine surface area
- Absorbs nutrients
28
Ventral Blood Vessel
- Earthworm
| - responsible for carrying blood to the back of the earthworms body
29
Ventral Nerve Cord
- Earthworm
- attached to the ganglion
- runs through the entire body
30
Dorsal Blood Vessel
- Earthworm
| - responsible for carrying blood to the front of the body
31
Prostomium
- Earthworm
- first body segment body in the anterior end
- In front of the mouth
- Small shelf- or lip-like extension over the dorsal side of the mouth
32
Clitellum
- Earthworm
- A thickened band by head
- Secretes eggs for reproduction
33
Anus
- Earthworm
| - End of the body
34
Gonads
- Reproductive organs
| - male (testes) produces sperm, females (ovaries) produce ova
35
Esophagus
-Throat region
36
Crop
-Where food is stored where it eventusally moves to gizzard
37
Gizzard
-Grind food up for digestion
38
Metanephridia
- Excretory gland found in invertebrates
| - Used for osmoregulation in earthworm
39
Ovary
-Female reproductive organs
40
Oviducts
-Passage from ovaries to the outside of body
41
Testes
-Male reproductive organs
42
Stomach
-Stores/ digests food
43
Duodenum
- Connection between stomach and small intestine
| - Chemical digestion of chime
44
Small Intestine
- Absorption of nutrients
| - 90% of digestion
45
Large Intestine
- Absorption of water
| - Cecum, colon, rectum
46
Pancreas
-Secretes digestive enzymes into duodenum
47
Liver
-Secretes bile
48
Gall Bladder
- Stores bile made by liver
| - Used by small intestine
49
Atria
-Heart chamber accepting blood from body
50
Ventricle
-Heart chamber that pumps blood from heart to body
51
Conus Arteriosus
-the upper front part of the right ventricle of the heart
52
Carotid Artery
- located on each side of the neck
- divide into the internal and external carotid arteries
- External provides blood supply to the scalp, face and neck
- Internal supplies blood to brain
53
Spleen
-Makes, stores and destroys blood cells
54
Kidney
-Filters blood and excretes excess water
55
Ureter
-Carry the urine form the kidneys to the urinary bladder
56
Swim bladder
- Perch
- contains gas
- Hydrostatic organ that enables the fish to maintain its depth without floating upward or sinking
57
Gills
-Alllows for respiration, gas exchange, breathing
58
Aorta
- main artery of the body
| - supplies oxygenated blood to the circulatory system
59
Subclavian Artery
- Branch to the vertebral arteries
| - carry oxygenated blood up to the brain from below the clavicle
60
Trachea
-Airway in neck
61
Lungs
-Allow for respiration
62
How do earthworms breathe?
-Diffusion through skin
