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Biology 102 > Practical part 2 > Flashcards

Practical part 2 Flashcards

(94 cards)

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1
Q

Phylum Porifera

A

(Sponges); no symmetry or true body tissue, can change shape/are porous

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2
Q

Osculum

A

Excretory structure in the living sponge

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3
Q

Spicules

A

Provide structural support and deter predators

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4
Q

Spongin

A

Forms the fibrous skeleton on most sponges; gives the sponge its flexibility

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5
Q

Choanocyte

A

Cells that line the interior of the sponge that wave their flagella to move water

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6
Q

Gemmule

A

internal buds involved in asexual reproduction

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7
Q

Phylum Cnidaria/Ctenophora

A

radial symmetry, two cell layers, nerve network, no organs, key characteristic is cnidocytes, explosive cells containing cnidae, secrectory organelles used for catching prey.. Cnidaria: sea jellies, hydrozoans, corals, sea anemones. Ctenophores: comb jellies

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8
Q

Radial Symmetry

A

symmetry around a central axis

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9
Q

Polyp

A

Cylindrical jelly that has an aboral end attached to a substrate

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10
Q

Medusa

A

The gelatinous umbrella shaped jelly with trailing tentacles. The stingy fuckers

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11
Q

Planula Larva

A

Free-swimming ciliated, bilaterally symmetric larval form of cnidarian species

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12
Q

Sessile

A

Fixed in one place; immobile

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13
Q

Pelagic

A

Open water that is not near the floor or shore; aka where you swim/fish

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14
Q

Zooxanthellae

A

Symbiotic algae that live within coral

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15
Q

Gastrovascular Cavity

A

An opening for which food is digested and exits

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16
Q

Tentacle

A

The tubelike manubrium hangs from the centre of the bell, connecting the mouth at the lower end of the manubrium to the coelenteron within the bell.

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17
Q

Nematocyst

A

A cell in the tentacle can shoot a venomous coiled thread for self defense/preying

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18
Q

Dibloblastic

A

a condition in which there are two primary germ layers, such as ectoderm and endoderm

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19
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes

A

(flatworms, free living, parasitic); no body cavity, dead end gut, unsegmented, diffusion of oxygen/nutrients through body

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20
Q

Acoelomate

A

an invertebrate lacking a coelom, typically a flatworm

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21
Q

Triploblastic

A

Having three primary germ layers, such as ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm

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22
Q

Parasite

A

Non-mutual symbiotic relationship between species

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23
Q

Definitive Host

A

An organism that supports the adult/sexually reproductive form of a parasite

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24
Q

Intermediate Host

A

An organism that supports the larval/developmental form of a parasite

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25
Phylum Molluscs
a grouping of internal organs (visceral mass), a mantle to enclose the body, and a muscular foot
26
Class: Polyplacophora
(Chitons) 8 dorsal shell plates
27
Class: Gastropods
(snails, slugs, whelks, limpets); land, water, or sea, most have hard shell, aquatic have gills, land has lung with capillaries, muscular foot used for moving, digging, swimming
28
Class: Bivalves
(clams, oysters, mussels, scallops); most are filter feeders with special gills, filter water through the gap in shell, trap plankton on mucous covered cilia, clamp shell for defense
29
Class: Cephalopods
(octopus, squid, cuttlefish, nautilus); well developed brain with ability to learn, complex eyes, predators, speed via jet propulsion with contraction of the mantle cavity
30
Coelom/Coelomate
A fluid-filled body cavity formed during embryonic development
31
Mantle
The dorsal body wall that covers the visceral mass and organs
32
Mantle Cavity
Cavity where anus, gills, respiratory and reproductive organs lie
33
Foot
used for jumping or digging
34
Shell
The lower and upper (valves); it’s a shell
35
Trocophore Larva
small, free swimming larva powered by cilia, maintain salt water balance
36
Open Circulatory System
heart pumps blood into cavities, organs covered in blood and tissue, no major veinsO
37
Phylum: Annelids
(earthworms, ragworms, leeches); true coelom, segmented bodies, water, land, and sea, closed circulatory system, well developed digestive system
38
Metamerism
having a linear series of body segments fundamentally similar in structure
39
Closed Circulatory System
system in which the heart pumps blood through closed vessels to organs
40
Parapodium
any of the paired unjointed lateral appendages of polychaete worms,used in locomotion Setae: stiff bristles present on the body
41
Setae
stiff bristles present on the body
42
Phylum: Nematoda
(hookworms and roundworms); free living and parasitic, tubular digestive system, psuedocoelom, epidermis has tough cuticle, live anywhere
43
Cuticle
multi layered structure outside the epidermis, which forms an exoskeleton
44
Acoelomate
an invertebrate lacking a coelom
45
Hydrostatic Skeleton
skeletal system composed of fluid held under pressure in a closed body compartment; the main skeleton of most cnidarians, flatworms, nematodes, and annelids.
46
Complete Digestive Tract
digestive tract with two openings, mouth/anus
47
Phylum: Arthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda: (insects, arachnids, myriapods, crustaceans); segmented bodies, jointed appendages, hard exoskeleton
48
Subphylum Chelicerata
Phylum: Arthropoda: (horseshoe crabs) Class: Arachnida (spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites); have 8 legs, two extra appendages for sensing, feeding and defense
49
Subphylum: Crustacea
Phylum: Arthropoda: (shrimp, lobsters, crayfish, barnacles, copepods, krill); marine arthropods, copepods and krill form the foundation of the marine food chain
50
Jointed Appendages
external body part such as a limb
51
Exoskeleton
the external skeleton to surrounds and protects the organism’s body; shell
52
Chitin
The compound that makes up the exoskeleton
53
Molting
the process of shedding skin, feathers, horns and the formation of new ones
54
Phylum Ecdysis
the process of shredding the external skeleton for growth
55
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Phylum Ecdysis: Class: Insects (ants, crickets, fruit fly); has the most species >10,000,000; usually fly, only invertebrate with flight
56
Subphylum: Myriapods
Phylum Ecdysis: (centipedes/millipedes); all terrestrial, several dozen to hundreds of legs, a single pair of antennae, centipedes are carnivorous, millipedes are detritivores
57
Thorax
the area between the head and the abdomen
58
Antennae
paired appendages used for sensing in arthropods
59
Compound Eyes
multiple tiny eyes with their own lens, receptor cells, and nerves
60
Spiracles
an external respiratory opening, especially each of a number of pores on the body of an insect
61
Tracheae
a large membranous tube reinforced by rings of cartilage, extending from the larynx to the bronchial tubes and conveying air to and from the lungs; the windpipe
62
Metamorphosis
abrupt physical change after birth or hatching
63
Phylum: Echinoderms
(sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, sand dollars); radially symmetrical, most can regenerate tissue, organs, and limbs.
64
Class: Asteroidea
Phylum: Echinoderms (sea stars)
65
Class: Ophiroidea
Phylum: Echinoderms (brittle stars)
66
Class: Echinoidea
Phylum: Echinoderms (sea urchins, sand dollars)
67
Class: Holothuroidea
Phylum: Echinoderms (sea cucumbers)
68
Class: Holothuroidea
Phylum: Echinoderms (sea lilies, feather stars)
69
Deuterostome
an animal whose mouth develops from a second opening in the early embryo, opposite to the initial opening blastopore of the rudimentary gut.
70
Dermal Endoskeleton
calcareous plates or spines
71
Water Vascular System
hydraulic system used for locomotion, food/waste transportation, respiration
72
Tube Feet
small tubular projections found on the oral face of a sea star's arms; part of water vascular system
73
Oral Surface
oral – “of the mouth”
74
Aboral Surface
aboral – “away from the mouth”
75
Phylum: Chordata
(lancelets, sea squirt, vertebrates); notochord, dorsal hollow nevre cord, pharyngeal pouches, anal tail
76
Subphylum: Urochordata/Cephalorchordata
Phylum: Chordata (tunicates, sea squirts); no vertebral column
77
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Phylum: Chordata (jawless fish, sharks, rays, skates, bony fish); all vertebrates have a skeleton with vertebral column, skull, closed circulatory system and heart
78
Subphylum: Vertebrata. Class: Chondrichthyes
(cartilaginous fish, sharks, rays); ectothermic, two pairs of fins for locomotion and stability
79
Subphylum: Vertebrata. Class: Osteichthyes
(bony fish); make up the vast majority of fish, gas filled swim bladders to control buoyancy, body covered in oil scales to aid streamlining
80
Notochord
a cartilaginous skeletal rod supporting the body in all embryonic and some adult chordates
81
Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord
a hollow nerve cord that is modified into the central nervous system
82
Pharyngeal Gill Slits
filter-feeding organs found in non-vertebrate chordates
83
Post
an extension of the spinal cord that extends past the anus
84
Cartilaginous Endoskeleton
cartilage endoskeleton that grows rather than bone
85
Bony Endoskeleton
bone endoskeleton rather than cartilage
86
Scales
a small rigid plate that grows out of an animal's skin to provide protection
87
Superclass: Tetrapods
(amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals); 4 limbs
88
Class: Amphibians
Superclass: Tetrapods. (frogs, toads, salamanders); semi aquatic, all lay their eggs in the water, frogs are 90% of amphibians, distinct life stages (metamorphosis), gills as aquatic tadpole, lungs as adults
89
Class: Reptiles
Superclass: Tetrapods. (turtles, tortoises, snakes, lizards, crocodiles, alligators); internal fertilization with amniotic eggs, waterproof skin, water conserving excretory system)
90
Reptile subclass: Aves
(Birds); warm blooded, two legged, winged, feathered vertebrates, four chambered heart, strong but light exoskeleton, toothless beak
91
Class: Mammalia
Superclass: Tetrapods. (rodents, primates, carnivore, ungulate, several others); endothermic with hair, mammary glands, neocortex, intelligent
92
Amniotic Egg
the type of egg produced by reptiles, birds, and egg laying mammals
93
Mammary Glands
an organ in female mammals that produces milk to feed young offspring
94
Enodthermy
the ability to control body temp through internal means such as shivering or increasing metabolism

Biology 102 (6 decks)

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