practice exams

Question 1

LD(50)

Answer 1

median lethal dose

Question 2

Selective toxicity

Answer 2

injury of one kind of living matter without harming some other kind

Question 3

Parenteral Route

Answer 3

route such that gastrointestinal tract is bypassed

Question 4

Anti-metabolite

Answer 4

chemical that antagonizes the action of a substance that is required for metabolism of an organism

Question 5

The ultra-short duration of action of thiopental is due to:

Answer 5

Redistribution of the drug from the brain to muscle and fat

Question 6

Therapeutic index of a drug is

Answer 6

LD(50)/ED(50)

Question 7

Efficacy of a drug is best described as

Answer 7

maximal effect that can be obtained with a drug

Question 8

Reason for selective toxicity of sulfanilimide

Answer 8

Susceptible bacteria synthesizes folic acid from para-aminobenzoic acid while host cells do not use folic acid

Question 9

The function of the cerebellum

Answer 9

coordination and posture

Question 10

The primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain is

Answer 10

glutamate

Question 11

The main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain is

Answer 11

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

Question 12

Psychological dependence on a drug

Answer 12

emotional and mental preoccupation with the drugs effect and persistent craving

Question 13

phenobarbital

Answer 13

long-acting barbiturate

Question 14

actions of secobarbital

Answer 14

can produce a full spectrum of dose dependent CNS depression

Question 15

which agent is used in the treatment of psychic dependence of heroin?

Answer 15

methadone

Question 16

methadone is specifically useful in the treatment of

Answer 16

opioids

Question 17

Cocaine

Answer 17

blocks reuptake of dopamine

Question 18

Amphetamines

Answer 18

release dopamine from neurons

Question 19

Nicotine

Answer 19

blocks reuptake of acetylcholine - high dependence liability

Question 20

Caffeine

Answer 20

blocks adenosine receptors

Question 21

phenoziazines

Answer 21

psychosis

Question 22

barbiturites

Answer 22

epilepsy

Question 23

Lithium

Answer 23

Depression - stabilizing norepinephrine activity by normalizing NE release, uptake, and action on NE receptors

Question 24

phenytoin

Answer 24

epilepsy

Question 25

which drug can correct a deficit of seratonin in the CNS?

Answer 25

Methamphetamine - releases transmitters from the sympathetic nerve endings

Question 26

Imipramine

Answer 26

tricyclic antidepressant, blocks reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin into presynaptic axon, overdosage can be lethal, promotes longer sojourn of norepinephrine and serotonin at the receptor site

Question 27

Decrease in which neurotransmitter contributes to symptoms of depression?

Answer 27

serotonin

Question 28

Ethanol produces:

Answer 28

CNS effects to the blood ethanol concentration, disinhibition at low dose by depressing inhibitory control of the brains cerebral cortex and motor pathways, vasodilation of skin blood vessels at low dose, decreased myocardial contractility at high dose

Question 29

Order of CNS dose dependent depression by alcohol:

Answer 29

disinhibition - sedation - hypnosis - general anesthesia - coma

Question 30

CNS depression by alcohol can be increased by which of the following..

Answer 30

antihistamine

Question 31

Which receptor does the active ingredient in cannabis bind to?

Answer 31

CB1

Question 32

Which mechanism leads to the therapeutic action of nifedipine in angina?

Answer 32

blockade of calcium channels in blood vessels

Question 33

Nitroglycerin

Answer 33

when taken sublingually, therapeutic effects last for about 20-30 min, relaxes smooth muscle, Two percent nitroglycerin ointment, when applied to skin produces measurable plasma levels of nitroglycerin for at least 3hrs, nitroglycerin is converted in blood vessels to nitric oxide - causes relaxation of blood vessels

Question 34

Which mechanism leads to the therapeutic action of lovastatin?

Answer 34

Inhibition of the rate controlling enzyme in cholesterol synthesis

Question 35

Cholesterol

Answer 35

component of cell membranes, used for synthesis of sex hormones and vitamin D, packaged for transport in the blood as a component of various lipoproteins, it only endangers health if the concentration in the blood is elevated above normal

Question 36

What is the target for the bactericidal action of Penicillin G?

Answer 36

cell walls

Question 37

Which penicillin is resistant to the action of penicillinase?

Answer 37

Cloxacillin

Question 38

Over-the-counter sleeping aids usually contain

Answer 38

pyrilamine (antihistamine) and acetaminophen

Question 39

Side effects associated with long-term use of laxatives

Answer 39

disturbances in the physiological acid/base balance, obstructive jaundice, a gastrointestinal tract dependent on laxatives, dehydration

Question 40

the most rational treatment for travellers diarrhea is

Answer 40

loperamide (imodium)

Question 41

echinacea

Answer 41

common cold

Question 42

valerian

Answer 42

herbal - mild sedative/hypnotic

Question 43

The use of amphetamines by athletes

Answer 43

often results in less than 5% increase in athletic performance

Question 44

Mifepristone, used to induce abortions, best described as a

Answer 44

antiprogestin

Question 45

Most efective method of contraception

Answer 45

tubal ligation

Question 46

Norplant (L- norgestral) is best described as a

Answer 46

progestin