Practice Problems Flashcards
(28 cards)
In spruces and pines, which of the following is an advantage of having needlelike leaves?
A) increased surface area, increasing photosynthesis
B) increased surface area, increasing gas exchange
C) decreased surface area, reducing gas exchange
D) decreased surface area, reducing water loss
D
Within a gymnosperm megasporangium, which of the following develops before the others after fertilization occurs?
A) megaspore
B) sporophyte embryo
C) egg cell
D) female gametophyte
A
Which of the following generations in the conifer life cycle most directly produces the integument of a pine seed?
A) male gametophyte
B) female gametophyte
C) male sporophyte
D) female sporophyte
D
In onions (Allium), cells of the sporophyte have 16 chromosomes within each nucleus. How many chromosomes should be in an endosperm nucleus?
C
Which of the following structures directly produces the fruit of angiosperms?
A) male gametophyte
B) female gametophyte
C) male sporophyte
D) female sporophyte
D
Fungi have an extremely high surface-to-volume ratio. What is the advantage of this characteristic to an organism that gets most of its nutrition through absorption?
A) The high ratio allows for more material to be acquired from the surroundings and transported through the cell membrane.
B) The lower volume prevents the cells from drying out too quickly, which can interfere with absorption.
C) This high ratio creates more room inside the cells for additional organelles involved in absorption.
D) This high ratio means that fungi have a thick, fleshy structure that allows the fungi to store more of the food it absorbs.
A
What are the filamentous mats formed by most fungi called?
A) mycelia
B) hyphae
C) haustoria
D) arbuscles
A
A fungal spore germinates, giving rise to a mycelium that grows outward into the soil surrounding the site where the spore originally landed. Which of the following accounts for the outward growth of the mycelium?
A) karyogamy
B) mycelial flagella
C) breezes distributing spores
D) cytoplasmic streaming in hyphae
D
Which of the following best explains how mycorrhizal fungi are more efficient than plants at acquiring mineral nutrition from the soil?
A) Hyphae are 100 to 1,000 times larger than plant roots.
B) Hyphae have a smaller surface area-to-volume ratio than do the hairs on a plant root.
C) Mycelia are able to grow in the direction of food.
D) Fungi secrete extracellular enzymes that can break down large molecules.
D
Plasmogamy can directly result in which of the following types of cells?
A) cells with a single haploid nucleus or dikaryotic cells
B) heterokaryotic cells or dikaryotic cells
C) heterokaryotic cells or cells with two diploid nuclei
D) dikaryotic cells or cells with two diploid nuclei
B
It has been hypothesized that fungi and plants have a mutualistic relationship because plants make sugars available for the fungi’s use. What is the best evidence in support of this hypothesis?
A) Fungi survive better when they are associated with plants.
B) Radioactively labeled sugars produced by plants eventually show up in the fungi with which they are associated.
C) Fungi associated with plants have the ability to undergo photosynthesis and produce their own sugars, while those not associated with plants do not produce their own sugars.
D) Radioactive labeling experiments show that plants pass crucial raw materials to the fungus for manufacturing sugars.
B
Which of the following structures in an ascomycete is haploid?
A) ascospore
B) ascocarp
C) ascus
D) basidium
A
Diploid nuclei of the ascomycete Neurospora crassa contain 14 chromosomes. A single diploid cell in an ascus will undergo one round of meiosis, followed in each of the daughter cells by one round of mitosis, producing a total of eight ascospores. How many chromosomes would a single ascospore nucleus of this species contain?
A) 7 chromosomes
B) 14 chromosomes
C) 21 chromosomes
D) 28 chromosomes
A
Which of the following types of fungi often live in the digestive tracts of sheep and cattle?
A) ascomycetes
B) mucuromycetes
C) chytrids
D) basidiomycetes
C
Against which of the following do the circular and longitudinal muscles of annelids work?
A) cuticle
B) shell
C) endoskeleton
D) hydrostatic skeleton
D
Which of the following best describes the physical relationship of the partners involved in lichens?
A) Fungal cells are enclosed within algal cells.
B) Lichen cells are enclosed within fungal cells.
C) Photosynthetic cells are surrounded by fungal hyphae.
D) Fungi grow on rocks and trees and are covered by algae.
C
What would be the most effective method of reducing the incidence of blood flukes in a human population?
A) reduce the mosquito population
B) reduce the population of the intermediate snail host
C) avoid contact with rodent droppings
D) carefully wash all raw fruits and vegetables
B
Which of the following characteristics is shared by both cnidarians and flatworms?
A) dorsoventrally flattened bodies
B) radial symmetry
C) a digestive system with a single opening
D) a distinct head
C
Which of the following statements about bryozoans (ectoprocts) is correct?
A) Bryozoans are colonial, build reefs, and are related to corals.
B) Bryozoans are colonial and live amongst mosses.
C) Adult bryozoans are sessile, but their larvae make up much of marine plankton.
D) Bryozoans build reefs and have lophophores that extend through a hard exoskeleton.
D
Which of the following characteristics of their exoskeletons is exhibited by both arthropods and molluscs?
A) they completely replace the hydrostatic skeleton
B) they are secreted by the mantle
C) they help retain moisture in terrestrial habitats
D) they are comprised of the polysaccharide chitin
C
You find a multi-legged animal in your garden and want to determine if it is a centipede or a millipede. Which of the following characteristics would allow you to make this distinction?
A) presence of body segments
B) poisonous claws
C) egg-laying
D) molting
B
Which of the following senses would be most directly affected by removing or damaging an insect’s antennae?
A) hearing
B) mating
C) seeing
D) smelling
D
Which of the following structures in insects functions in gas exchange?
A) compound eyes
B) spiracles
C) antennae
D) chelicerae
B
Which of the following characteristics is exhibited by the water vascular system of echinoderms?
A) it functions as a circulatory system that distributes nutrients to body cells
B) it functions in locomotion and feeding
C) it is bilateral in organization, even though the adult animal is not bilaterally symmetrical
D) it is analogous to the gastrovascular cavity of flatworms
B
