Practice Q’s

Question 1

Insulin

Answer 1

Triggered by: High blood glucose

Decreases blood glucose levels by promoting:
Glucose uptake into cells, especially muscle and fat cells (via GLUT4 transporters)

Question 2

Glucagon

Answer 2

Triggered by: Low blood glucose (e.g., during fasting)

Increases blood glucose levels by promoting:
• Glycogenolysis (breakdown of liver glycogen → glucose)
• Gluconeogenesis (formation of new glucose in the liver)
• Lipolysis (breakdown of fats to fuel gluconeogenesis)

Question 3

Hyperglycemia

Answer 3

High blood glucose, there’s more glucose outside cells, increasing the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid. Leading to water loss from cells by osmosis

Question 4

Interphase

Answer 4

phase between cell divisions, where the cell grows and replicates DNA.
• If cells stay in interphase, they’re not dividing, which decreases cancer risk.
• Cancer is linked to cells exiting interphase and dividing uncontrollably, not staying in it.

Question 5

In which of the following nephron segments is most sodium reabsorbed?

A. Proximal convoluted tubule
B. Distal convoluted tubule
C. Collecting duct
D. Ascending loop of Henle

Answer 5

A

Question 7

Which of the following tissue types is most dependent on glucose transporters that are insulin-independent?

A. Skeletal muscle
B. Adipose tissue
C. Liver
D. Brain

Answer 7

D