Practice questions

Question 0

What should you do before placing an instrument in a glutaraldehyde solution?

Answer 0

mechanically clean the instrument of organic material

Question 1

What is used for surgical hand scrubs?

Answer 1

Chlorhexidine

Question 2

a viral envelope is acquired during which step?

Answer 2

release

Question 3

which virus can sometimes cause cancer?

Answer 3

HIV, Pappillomavirus, EBV

Question 4

which is drinking glass an example of?

Answer 4

fomite- an inanimate object or substance that is capable of transmitting infectious organisms

Question 5

What would AZT be used to treat?

Answer 5

HIV

Question 6

Viruses that have envelopes surrounding the nucleocapsid are….

Answer 6

more sensitive to disinfectants than naked viruses

Question 7

what is the order in the process of phagocytosis?

Answer 7

attachment, engulfment, lysosomal fusion, digestion, exocytosis

Question 8

does pasteurization destroy all bacteria in dairy products?

Answer 8

no

Question 9

Pseudomonas aeruginosa can sometimes grow in quaternary ammonium compounds used for disinfection.

Answer 9

true

Question 10

specialized for killing parasites

Answer 10

eosinophils

Question 11

non-specific killers of tumour cells

Answer 11

NK cells

Question 12

antibody production factories

Answer 12

plasma cells

Question 13

specific killers of virus infected cells

Answer 13

cytotoxic T cells

Question 14

first phagocytic cell at site of infection

Answer 14

neutrophils

Question 15

mature monocytes

Answer 15

macrophages

Question 16

which cells only recognize antigen when it is presented on MHC?

Answer 16

T cells

Question 17

how do antibodies function as opsonins?

Answer 17

attach to antigen with Fab and the phagocyte with the Fc portion

Question 18

neutrophils with defective lysosomes are unable to…

Answer 18

produce toxic oxygen products

Question 19

neutrophils are important mediators of tissue damage in which type of hypersensitivity?

Answer 19

Type iii

Question 20

function of Antigen presenting Cells (APC)

Answer 20

display a microbial antigen on the cell surface for T-helper cells

Question 21

this is a complex group of proteins found in the blood plasma that aids in the inactivation and destruction of bacteria and other microorganisms

Answer 21

complement

Question 22

what cells commonly express the MHC-II molecule on their surfaces?

Answer 22

macrophages and B Cells

Question 23

epitope

Answer 23

the specific region of an antigen that is recognized by an antibody

Question 24

which isotype is the first to be produced in the primary response to an antigen?

Answer 24

IgM

Question 25

major function of dendritic cell

Answer 25

display a microbial antigen on its surface for transfer to lymph nodes where recognition by helper T cells will occur

Question 26

lysozyme helps to protect against pathogens by

Answer 26

breaking down peptidoglycan in bacteria cell walls

Question 27

which cell type is essentially the defining cell of the acute inflammatory infiltrate?

Answer 27

neutrophils

Question 28

an allergic reaction to a bee sting is an example of delayed hypersensitivity, true or false?

Answer 28

false

Question 29

a granuloma is a localized collection of

Answer 29

mononuclear phagocytes

Question 30

MHC I presents...

Answer 30

endogenous antigens

Question 31

Mononuclear phagocytes are the same as...

Answer 31

macrophages

Question 32

Penicillin

Answer 32

cell wall synthesis inhibitor

Question 33

Quinolone

Answer 33

DNA synthesis inhibitor

Question 34

Tetracycline

Answer 34

Protein synthesis inhibitor

Question 35

Sulfa

Answer 35

essential metabolite inhibitor

Question 36

Macrolide

Answer 36

protein synthesis inhibitor

Question 37

Amphotericin B

Answer 37

Ergosterol synthesis inhibitor

Question 38

different between latent and chronic infection, give example of each virus

Answer 38

latent is when virus is present in cells, but not replicating. Ex: Herpes Chronic is when virus SLOWLY replicates causing minimal damage to host cells. Ex: Hep.B

Question 39

What is the end result of successful autoclaving called and what test would you use?

Answer 39

sterilization, use a spore test. Test spores of a bacillus or bacterium. Vial with spores is autoclaved then incubated in nutrient media. If spore can grow, then autoclave is not functioning properly and nothing can be assumed to be sterile.

Question 40

method for dinner cutlery, surgical gauze, skinned knee, footbath

Answer 40

sanitization sterilization antisepsis disinfection

Question 41

identify the mechanism associated with viral delivery of a gene

Answer 41

transduction

Question 42

I have no enzymes for metabolism in my capsid

Answer 42

virus

Question 43

I can have a plasmid

Answer 43

bacteria

Question 44

I am tiny of less than 100nm and must grow intracellularly

Answer 44

Virus

Question 45

I can have a cyst form to help me survive

Answer 45

parasite

Question 46

Why is it important to know the MIC of an antibiotic for a specific bacteria?

Answer 46

prevent toxicity, ensure adequate dosing intervals, attain adequate/effective levels over MIC

Question 47

measles infection

Answer 47

naturally ac. active immunity

Question 48

breastfeeding

Answer 48

naturally acquired passive immunity

Question 49

tetanus anti-toxin

Answer 49

artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 50

What happens in hemolytic disease of newborn?

Answer 50

Mother is Rh-, father is Rh+. Fist pregnancy is baby Rh+, then the mom's immune system develop anti-RH antibodies. Second baby is Rh+, then mom's antibodies will go to baby and attack the cells. Complement is involved ( Antigen and antibody) in cell lysis. Type II hypersensitivity

Question 51

is memory a characteristic of the innate immune system?

Answer 51

NO

Question 52

define opsonization and give 2 examples

Answer 52

the coating of microorganisms to facilitate phagocytosis. Ex are c3b, antibody, CRP

Question 53

Describe the TB test and what positive result means

Answer 53

TB test is when PPD is injected IC and observed for redness and induration after 14/48 hours, shows you if the person has been exposed to the bacteria M. tuberculosis. type IV hypersensitivity

Question 54

list 2 types of cells that affect CD4 helper cell to properly function and the consequence of lack

Answer 54

CD8 Cytotoxic cells- reduces killings of pathogens | B cells: reduce or no antibody production

Question 55

function of C3a

Answer 55

release of histamine or mast cell degranulation

Question 56

function of C5a

Answer 56

release of histamine and or chemoattractant

Question 57

function of MAC

Answer 57

terminal components of the complement system (C5-C9), form a pore on the bacterial cell membrane and cause lysis and death of bacterium