Practice Questions & Rationales: ASWB Clinical Practice Questions Flashcards

Question

A local hospital refers a regular patient to the facility's clinical social worker. Madeline is considered a "frequent flyer" by the nurses due to her high number of visits for a wide variety of physical complaints. The patient exaggerates or creates symptoms of illness in an effort to seek treatment, attention, and sympathy. What disorder will the social worker want to focus on for intervention? A. Factitious disorder B. Psychological trauma C. Munchausen syndrome D. Hypochondriasis

Answer 1

Answer: A Factitious disorder Rationale: Most individuals who suffer from fictitious disorders are quite knowledgeable about the practice of medicine. They are able to produce symptoms resulting in lengthy medical analysis. Risk factors include childhood trauma and inattentive parents.

Answer 2

Answer: D Empowerment Rationale: Empowerment is a core element of social work interventions It puts the locus of control in the client's realm and it is the motivation utilized by clinical social workers to set goals, deal with tasks, and maintain social interest.

Answer 3

Answer: B Avoidant personalities fear rejection and will withdraw Rationale: Both disorders are characterized by a frequent need for assurance, feelings of inadequacy and oversensitivity. Individuals with avoidant personality disorder have such a fear of rejection that they will withdrawal until acceptance is certain. Dependent personalities will seek out contact with others until they get approval.

Answer 4

Answer: D Ecological systems perspective Rationale: The ecological perspective is based on the idea that people are in continual interaction with their environment. Individuals are always creating, restructuring, and adapting. The ecological theory looks at people, families, cultures, politics, and community as a way to identify systemic strengths or weaknesses.

Answer 5

Answer: C Bipolar Disorder Rationale: Individuals with bi-polar disorder suffer from both euphoric periods that can lead to risk-taking behaviors and sudden bouts of depression with symptoms of sadness, crying, and a sense of worthlessness.

Answer 6

Answer: C Gestalt Therapy Rationale: Gestalt therapy utilizes the past to solve a current problem. Clients are shown how to expand on their awareness through dialogue and experimental methods. They are taught self-regulation and lead through activities geared toward tackling the past.

Answer 7

Answer: B Ego Functioning Rationale: Freud's theory studies the normal ego functions of judgment, defensive planning, affect regulation, synthesis and object relations. There are two main forces known as external and internal world responses.

Answer 8

Answer: D Family-Centered Assessment Rationale: The family-centered assessment focuses on the family as a whole with full participation. All cultures and ethnicities are considered throughout. Families will identify their strengths, needs and resources in an effort to develop a functioning service plan to maintain safety and permanency.

Answer 9

Answer: B child neglect Rationale: This is an example of child neglect, rather than child endangerment, which is putting a child in a life-threatening situation.

Answer 10

Answer: D Functional Assessment Rationale: A functional assessment is one of the key factors in achieving the well-being, safety and permanence of a child. The family and children are engaged as partners in the entire process. Family assessments are needs-based, team-based and strengths-based. They make use of family systems relationships.

Answer 11

Answer: D Direct observation, interviews, checklists and tests Rationale:The four major methods of obtaining assessment information are direct observation, interviews, checklists and tests. These methods allow a clinical social worker to identify target behaviors, which must be observable and measurable. Typically there are multiple behaviors identified and the social worker must prioritize for intervention.

Answer 12

Answer: C Tourette Syndrome Rationale: People with Tourette syndrome display behaviors that they think need to be performed before they can relax or calm down. Tics, or involuntary body movements, will increase with anxiety and excitement. Family members with the same disorder can be found in one third of all cases.

Answer 13

Answer: C Behavior Modification Rationale: Behavior modification looks at the antecedent and consequences that cause negative behaviors. Reinforcement and punishment are the main tools of this therapy.

Answer 14

Answer: D Active listening, positive regard and congruence Rationale: Active listening, positive regard and congruence are important facets of person-centered therapy. The therapy should be determined by the client and the motive is to increase the individual's self-understanding and insight.

Answer 15

Answer: D Humanistic therapy Rationale: - Humanistic therapy is based on self-mastery and self-examination. It focuses on the belief that humans want to improve and reach high levels of success. A clinical social worker will still consider the influences of society and the unconscious.

Answer 16

Answer: A Eclectic Rationale: An eclectic approach to therapy draws from many theories and methods to address client issues in a variety of ways that can be tailored to fit the beliefs, needs, and abilities of the client.

Answer 17

Answer: B Systemic desensitization Rationale: - Systematic desensitization educates a person to overcome an avoidance pattern. It helps effectively with phobias and anxiety by exposing the client to the fear gradually until it can be tolerated.

Answer 18

Answer: D Controlling emotional responses Rationale: Cognitive therapy helps one overcome difficulty by identifying and making changes to behaviors, emotional responses and dysfunctional thinking.

Answer 19

Answer: B Oppositional defiant disorder Rationale: Oppositional defiant disorder affects approximately 16% of school students. It is often recognized as an ongoing pattern of hostile, uncooperative and defiant behaviors displayed towards authority figures. Symptoms must be observed at home and school to be correctly diagnosed.

Answer 20

Answer: C Intellectual Limitations Rationale: Parents with intellectual limitations often demonstrate less positive child-rearing practices. They fail to recognize their children's needs and lack the skills to advocate for them. A clinical social worker should help the parents become aware of eligible community resources. The social worker should keep in mind that the mother's difficulties may result from a lack of resources and life skills. In social work, problems do not always have to be pathological. People of lower socioeconomic status, in particular, may suffer as a result of lack of resources, education, social status, training, etc.,

Answer 21

Answer: C - Biopsychosocial history Rationale: The first step in a psychological assessment is a biopsychosocial history, which involves identifying the chief complaint, past psychological history, present illnesses, and current mental status. Sometimes this information is difficult to obtain if the patient is unwilling to aid in disclosure. Once the data is obtained, neurological and psychological testing can take place. When all information is collected, the patient is informed of the results and treatment begins.

Answer 22

Answer: A Optimistic; educated; employed Rationale: All of these on this list are positive forces that a social worker can draw from when helping a client move forward toward positive change.

Answer 23

Answer: C Internal and external strengths Rationale: Internal strengths include motivation, emotion, and the ability to think clearly. External strengths include significant others, family networks, and community groups.

Answer 24

Answer: A Conduct disorder Rationale: Conduct disorder is a youthful antecedent to anti-social personality disorder. An individual's manner of thinking, perceiving situations and relating to others is abnormal. This disorder is presumed to be caused by a combination of environmental and genetic influences. It is unusual to diagnose someone with anti-social personality disorder as an adult who did not exhibit the traits of conduct disorder in his youth.

Answer 25

Answer: D Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Rationale: Post-traumatic stress disorder will occur after an individual has seen or experienced an event that involved death or injury. Symptoms may occur right after the trauma or could surface six months later. If the symptoms last for a short period of time, one to three months, it is called Acute Stress Disorder.

Answer 26

Answer: C Dementia Rationale: Dementia is a group of symptoms rather than a disease. It develops when parts of the brain associated with learning and memory are affected by infection or disease. There are as many as 50 known causes, ranging from excessive alcohol use to Alzheimer's. Research indicates that half of all individuals over the age of 80 have dementia.

Answer 27

Answer: C Alzheimer's Rationale: Alzheimer's disease affects the nervous system and is becoming more frequent in older adults. It is a progressive disorder in which symptoms worsen over time. Eventually, individuals lose the ability to respond to their environment and carry on a conversation. Alzheimer's disease is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States.

Answer 28

Answer: C Tourette Syndrome Rationale: Tourette syndrome is a neurological disorder. It is typically characterized by involuntary, repetitive movements called tics. The diagnosis is usually made a year after symptoms arise. Tourette's effects younger children, mostly between the ages of 7 and 10. Tics appear to get worse when anxiety or excitement builds in an individual. Improvement starts appearing in the late teen years and adulthood. Ten percent of those diagnosed will be affected by a progression in this disorder.

Answer 29

Answer: B Psychosis Rationale: Psychosis is a severe mental condition in which there is a loss of contact with reality. Causes for this disorder include alcohol, drugs, brain tumors, dementia, epilepsy, stroke, and bi-polar disorder. Individuals may also display disorganized thoughts and speech.

Answer 30

Answer: D Borderline Personality Disorder Rationale: Borderline personality disorder causes an individual to feel uncertain about his or her self-image and identity, resulting in feelings of emptiness and fear being alone. Other signs of this problem may include substance abuse, numerous attempted suicides or reported attempts, and inappropriate sexual relationships.

Answer 31

Answer: B Thickening of bone tissue Rationale: Thickening of bone tissue is not associated with long-term anorexia; rather, most individuals suffering from anorexia will have a thinning of the bones or osteoporosis. Other symptoms include severe constipation, low blood pressure and yellowish skin. Treatment for anorexia involves three components: restoring healthy weight, treating psychological problems, and eliminating behaviors leading to the disorder.

Answer 32

Answer: A Strengths Perspective Rationale: The strengths perspective in therapy helps identify and respect the assets, resources and knowledge of every person. Clinical social workers utilizing this technique view others as having the ability and wisdom to accomplish their goals. It focuses on the right within people instead of the wrong.

Answer 33

Answer: B Oppositional Defiant Disorder Rationale: Oppositional Defiant Disorder behaviors might be exhibited as inappropriate or disruptive in nature. Symptoms include defiance of authority, deliberately argumentative, blaming others, is constantly in trouble, has few or no friends, and is spiteful and vengeful.

Answer 34

Answer: B Adult ADD Rationale: Attention deficit disorder impacts many adults, and its wide variety of frustrating symptoms may hinder everything from relationships to careers. While in children the most notable symptoms are distractibility and the failure to pay attention; adult behavior is marked by the inability to hold a job, struggles with relationships, and poor decision-making skills.

Answer 35

Answer: C Domestic Violence Rationale: Domestic violence is characterized by one individual maintaining excessive and unreasonable control over an intimate partner through threats, coercion, intimidation, and excessive and misplaced use of authority. While the common belief is that the relationship must exhibit physical violence, this is not the case. Physical, emotional, or sexual abuse against a partner are all considered, singularly or in combination, in the definition of domestic violence.

Answer 36

Answer: A Schizophrenia Rationale: Schizophrenia has a typical onset in early adulthood, with cases rarely developing beyond the age of 45. According to the National Institute of Mental Health schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, and disabling brain disorder diagnosed in about 1 percent of the population. People with the disorder may hear voices other people don't hear. They may believe other people are reading their minds, controlling their thoughts, or plotting to harm them. This can terrify people with the illness and make them withdrawn or extremely agitated. People with schizophrenia may not make sense when they talk. They may sit for hours without moving or talking. Sometimes people with schizophrenia seem perfectly fine until they talk about what they are really thinking.

Answer 37

Answer: B Paranoia Rationale: Mental health professionals diagnose individuals with paranoid personality disorder if they display preoccupied doubts about friends, suspicions that others are plotting against them, reads negativity into positive remarks and is reluctant to confide in peers. People with paranoid personality disorder do not acknowledge their own faults, and delusions become permanently organized.

Answer 38

Answer: D Defiance Rationale: Children identified as suffering from ADHD do not intentionally display defiant behaviors. They become more of a distraction to others and fail to complete tasks due to an inability to focus.

Answer 39

Answer: C OCD is due to a medical illness or drug use Rationale: Obsessions or compulsions are not due to any medical problem or drug use. Most people recognize the problem as being excessive and can self-report problems. Doctors believe OCD may be a condition related to Tourette syndrome, since 20% of individuals with OCD demonstrate tics. There are several theories pertaining to the cause, but none have been validated.

Answer 40

Answer: A Histrionic personality Rationale: People with histrionic personality disorder have difficulty achieving and maintaining intimacy in romantic relationships. Victims will often act out a role and seek to control their partner. Same-sex friend relationships are also hindered due to the provocative interpersonal style that may seem threatening. Patients often crave stimulation, excitement and novelty.

Answer 41

Answer: C Binge Eating Rationale: Binge eating is characterized by episodes of over eating that feel as if they are beyond an individual's control. There is no fasting or purging afterwards, and this leads to obesity. People with this problem often have coexisting psychological problems such as personality disorders.

Answer 42

Answer: C It does not progress or worsen. Rationale: Cerebral palsy is a brain abnormality that does not progress over time. Symptoms may change, but the disability stays the same. People who suffer from this problem have damage to the part of the brain that controls muscle tone. Often diverse muscles will be affected at different times.

Answer 43

Answer: D Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Rationale: Individuals who suffer from chronic fatigue syndrome do not see much improvement with rest. Excessive fatigue worsens with mental and physical activity. When completing an assessment, symptoms are often difficult to measure. The important signs to look for include headaches, joint or muscle pain, loss of memory, and extreme exhaustion.

Answer 44

Answer: C Oppositional defiant disorder Rationale: Jason is displaying oppositional defiant disorder. His behaviors have become a serious issue seen at home and school. These actions affect social, family, and academic life when compared to other children at the same developmental level. Other symptoms include resentment, questioning of rules, and a spiteful attitude.

Answer 45

Answer: A Conduct Disorder Rationale: Conduct disorder normally manifests before the age of 13 with serious violations to rules. Although, this problem is more common in boys, it also affects the female population. Children with conduct disorder are often physically cruel to people and animals. They lack a sense of guilt and demonstrate selfishness.

Answer 46

Answer: B Obsession Rationale: Symptoms of borderline personality disorder include impulsiveness, substance abuse, and irresponsible sexual relationships, but not obsession. Other symptoms include the intolerance of being alone, feelings of emptiness, frequent anger episodes, and self-injury. Individuals with this problem often avoid real or imaginary abandonment and demonstrate impulsive tendencies. Group therapy is the most successful with borderline personality disorder.

Answer 47

Answer: D Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Rationale: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD cannot be diagnosed unless it has negatively affected at least two areas of the child's life - for example home life, classroom, community or playground interactions - for at least six months. ADHD usually appears in children under the age of seven.

Answer 48

Answer: D Autism Disorder Rationale: Michael is likely suffering from a spectrum disorder called Autism. Symptoms vary according to a child's chronological age and development. Multiple nonverbal behaviors such as body posture and facial expressions may be a problem. Social interaction and communication is impaired, limiting most activities.

Answer 49

Answer: B Psychopharmacological studies Rationale: Psychopharmacology refers to the study of drug-induced changes in thinking, mood and behavior. The most widely studied drugs are those available for treatment of mental disorders. Psychopharmacology is primarily focused on chemical interactions with the brain.

Answer 50

Answer: C It increases the amount of serotonin in the brain. Rationale: Citalopram increases the amount of serotonin in the brain. Increasing the amount of serotonin helps maintain mental balance for people suffering from anxiety or depression. Other common uses for Citalopram include treating depression, eating disorders, panic disorders, premenstrual dysphoric disorder and social phobias. Many doctors will start their patients out on a low dose and slowly increase it over a series of weeks.

Answer 51

Answer: D Violence Rationale: Professionally and ethically, clinicians assess clients for harm to self or others. They have a duty, by law, to report any abuse to children under the age of 18, and to report the imminent threat of harm by clients towards themselves or toward another person of any age.

Answer 52

Answer: B Dissociative Disorder Rationale: The client's history of sexual abuse along with symptoms such as compulsions, phobias, anxiety, depression, and mood swings are indicative of dissociative disorder. Dissociative disorder is also known as multiple personality disorder originating from a childhood trauma. Repeat abuse may cause an inability to recall information. Different identities form in an attempt to put these thoughts in their right place. While the dissociative disorder is in response to a childhood trauma, it does not fit the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, which would include "reliving" the event and flashbacks, avoidance, survivor's guilt, and/or severe irritability

Answer 53

Answer: C DSM 5 Rationale: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 5th Edition, is the clinical standard for diagnosing mental health issues in clients. The coding it provides is also the standard used for billing insurances.

Answer 54

Answer: C Begin a healthy grieving process around the loss. Rationale: When a person experiences loss, it is difficult for him or her to move forward without grieving the loss. Some would rather push feelings away than experience them. With loss, the best place to begin is helping the person to mourn and normalizing their feelings regarding their loss.

Answer 55

Answer: A Stigma Rationale: Many families dealing with a member's mental disability will not discuss the problem with others due to the stigma surrounding this medical condition. Misconceptions and myths abound without proper knowledge. Support from a friend or neighbor is harder to receive than if someone has a physical disability.

Answer 56

Answer: B. displacement Rationale: Madeline is redirecting her thoughts and impulses onto the children. The mother knows she cannot honestly express her feelings to the boss without losing her employment. This defense mechanism is an ineffective way to transfer anger.

Answer 57

Answer: D Family becomes dysfunctional Rationale: A dysfunctional family may see the basics of life becoming a reason for violence, addiction and lies. The head of household may turn to alcohol to cope with his hatred of a dull job. Harmful actions are repeated and soon become a regular routine for survival.

Answer 58

Answer: B Anger and Fear Rationale: Dysfunctional families believe their patterns of communication are dependent upon their survival. It is an unwritten rule not to talk about actions or feelings thought to be shameful. Anger and fear become a way of life, rarely noticed by family members. In turn, this causes problems with health, relationships and self-esteem.

Answer 59

Answer: C Resolution Rationale: Resolution is not one of the stages. They are denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.

Answer 60

Answer: A Homeostasis Rationale: Homeostasis is the principle where systems attempt to remain constant and consistent. A disruption to the system(s) requires adaption by reorganizing in new ways of thinking or behaving.

Answer 61

Answer: D Moving into a space where the client may be afraid to go. Rationale: Counter-intuitive measures literally mean doing something that does not appear to be logical initially. In the case of trauma, one method of working with clients is to have them re-visit the trauma, but process it in ways that are different from the initial reactions, such as the client seeing him or herself as empowered, rather than helpless. Because clients are trying to "get away" from the trauma, this approach seems counter to what they are hoping to achieve.

Answer 62

Answer: A. Competent Rationale: Assessments in parenting rely on three determinants: clarity, understanding problems, and capacity. A competent parent needs to be aware of their child, connect with the child and have the ability to respond in numerous ways.

Answer 63

Answer: D Empowerment Rationale: Empowerment is achieved through assertiveness rather than aggression or manipulation. A person who is abusing someone seeks power through aggressive or manipulative means.

Answer 64

Answer: C Heredity Rationale: Schizophrenia is one of the most highly studied psychiatric illnesses by scientists. The genetic influence or heredity, accounts for 80% of all diagnosed cases. Environmental influence has not been found relevant and there is no difference in gender.

Answer 65

Answer: B Desire to maintain closeness Rationale: Attachment means that there is a bond or connection with the person. With the parent-child relationship, it involves a long-term tie to the individual that cannot be replaced by another. When attachment is not established, emotional distress and personality disturbance can occur.

Answer 66

Answer: C Initiative vs. Guilt Rationale: During the Initiative vs. Guilt stage, children learn to use their imagination through active play. Guilt is obvious if the child is fearful, leading to restrictions in their play skills. This occurs during the early pre-school years.

Answer 67

Answer: A Increased self-esteem and openness to experience. Rationale: Person-centered therapy revolves around the goals of self-esteem and experience. Individuals will learn to be in agreement with themselves, demonstrate low levels of guilt, and encounter more positive relationships.

Answer 68

Answer: A Person Centered Rationale: The Person-centered theory incorporates the desire of a person to experience oneself in a consistent view. Self-actualization and self-concept are learned in childhood and noted as being secondary needs.

Answer 69

Answer: B Goals in life Rationale: Many adults in their mid-40s will suddenly feel the urge to achieve goals previously established in earlier years. Other people will focus on maintaining satisfaction with their lives. Major tasks during this time period may include adjusting to physiological changes, relating to a spouse, and developing leisure activities.

Answer 70

Answer: D Attention, Retention, Reproduction, and Motivation Rationale: Attention notes the factors involved that may increase or decrease an individual's perception. Retention explains the manner in which a person remembers what they observed. Reproduction is the method of duplicating the image. The last condition involves motivation or a good reason to imitate the behavior.

Answer 71

Answer: D Enabling Rationale:Enabling behavior is common in dysfunctional relationships due to secondary gains. A person may depend upon income, focus on the other person's behavior to minimize their own, or any number of other reasons to "look the other way" with problem behaviors.

Answer 72

Answer: C Consumption of the substance in greater amounts and for longer periods than intended Rationale: A major symptom of addiction is consuming greater quantities over a period of time to get the same effects. It can also be the inability to cut down on use despite the negative consequences of such use, as well as physical effects such as blackouts and memory loss.

Answer 73

Answer: A Process by which a child learns movement Rationale: Motor development is a process that includes fine and gross skills. Fine motor skills include picking up small objects or coloring, while gross motor skills involve walking, running and climbing. Increased stimulation does not necessarily enhance the development.

Answer 74

Answer: B - 3 to 4 years Rationale: Children at 3 to 4 years of age become quite comfortable with their self-sufficiency. They have the motor ability to jump and stand on one leg. At this stage, youngsters develop cooperative play with others and begin imitating their parents.

Answer 75

Answer: D Jean Piaget Rationale: Jean Piaget completed his studies by observing, talking and listening to children. His particular interest was in maturation skills and the capacity for individuals to understand their surrounding world. He identified transitions taking place at different ages from birth up.

Answer 76

Answer: B Intelligence Rationale: Intelligence is not a problem with learning disabilities. The trouble lies within the processing of sensory information. Children and adults with this disorder tend to hear, see and understand things differently than others.

Answer 77

Answer: A Intellectual Rationale: Intellectual disabilities limit how a child might let others know of their needs and wants. They will often learn to crawl and walk later than other individuals. Intellectual disabilities hinder the ability to remember things and understand social rules.

Answer 78

Answer: C - Antipathy is defined as an unconscious dislike for certain characteristics. People, places or things that fall under these descriptions are avoided with distaste. This behavior often resembles irrational, automatic processes.

Answer 79

Answer: B - Individualism describes a culture based on independence and self-reliance. They often prefer activities at work and in life to be individual. Instead of an extended family approach, people of this culture prefer to only care for themselves and immediate relatives.

Answer 80

Answer: D - The five levels of emotional dependency are: safety, esteem, love and belonging and psychological growth. All five needs have to be met consistently, or an individual will suffer from a lack of fulfillment. Without love and esteem, children will not grow emotionally. Without safety, they must focus on their environment rather than be free to focus on their growth.

Answer 81

Answer: B - The definition of diversity is the inclusion of different types of people in an organization or group. It is the exploration of these variations in a positive and nurturing environment. The dimensions of diversity include embracing and understanding the unique traits contained within each individual.

Answer 82

Answer: B - Authoritative parents establish guidelines and rules their children are expected to follow. The parents are responsive and willing to listen to questions. When children fail to meet expectations, there is nurturing and forgiveness. The main motivation for authoritative parents is for their children to be assertive, socially responsible, and cooperative. Punishment is not an option.

Answer 83

Answer: C - Individuals like to simplify and predict the world by categorizing blocks of information. Prior assumptions lead to stereotyping groups of individuals into standard conceptions. This occurs when people find it difficult to accept all the complexities of others.

Answer 84

Answer: A - Children who become unable to attach to their caregiver are often diagnosed with an attachment disorder like RAD. The ability to shape all future relationships is based on the first emotional attachment with a mother or caregiver. Mothers who respond to their infant's needs create a sense of security. The strong basis of an attachment bond enables the child to be trusting, self-confident, and comfortable in the face of conflict. In cases where children's lives are disrupted at an early stage, such as being placed in a series of different foster homes, these children are at risk for being unable to form a bond with a caregiver, as they have no consistent caregiver in their lives.

Answer 85

Answer: A - Older adults who are satisfied with their life's accomplishments have a sense of integrity. Those who realize integrity was not achieved, feel the outcome of despair which can cause bitterness and hopelessness. The elderly population at this stage of "ego integrity versus despair" reaches an understanding of the reality that death is close. They can have a positive or negative outlook, but must accept their lives as coming to an end.

Answer 86

Answer: A - Abraham Maslow developed his Hierarchy of Needs in the order of: 1) biological and physiological needs such as air, food, drink, warmth, shelter, sex and sleep 2) safety needs include protection from the elements, order, law, security, stability and limits 3) belongingness and love needs for family, affection, relationships and work 4) esteem needs such as achievement, mastery, independence, prestige and status 5) self-actualization needs for realizing personal potential, seeking personal growth and self-fulfillment.

Answer 87

Answer: A - Carl Rogers was a clinical psychologist who developed the humanistic personality theory. He believed that man's nature is fundamentally positive and trustworthy. Roger's conception of personality has been a valuable contribution to the study of free will and the importance of self.

Answer 88

Answer: B - When fewer adults are present in a child's life, they will not consider a seldom seen relative important. Their focus and dependency lies solely with the parents. Children miss out on sharing values, tasks and attitudes.

Answer 89

Answer: C - 1 in 3 people will suffer from a mental disorder at some point in their life, with 50% of those who do develop a disorder having a DSM diagnosis before age 18. Psychotherapy and psychiatric medications are the two main treatments.

Answer 90

Answer: B - A client must first have an awareness of the problem behavior before they can begin to address behavioral change. That is the cognitive connection.

Answer 91

Answer: C -A primary tenet of the NASW Code of Ethics is the dignity and worth of a person. From this principle is built the concepts of social justice, empowerment, and all others from which a social worker may organize interventions.

Answer 92

Answer: D- The clinical social worker utilized advocacy skills to bring about positive changes to the community. To advocate means to step in and support individuals or communities who lack the leadership, skills, resources, or access to help themselves.

Answer 93

Answer: D -Clinical social workers can use behavior therapy to help clients with ADHD, depression, and obsessive compulsive disorder. This practice is also successful in the treatment of certain addictions. The theory behind behavior therapy is to promote positive reinforcement, modeling, and social skills. Information is gathered from clients and temporary changes made in certain activities.

Answer 94

One third of people with autism have normal IQs. The main symptom of autism is the impaired development of social interaction and communication. Autism is a spectrum disorder characterized by a certain set of behaviors. Individuals with autism may display these behaviors in different combinations or to different degrees.

Answer 95

Answer: B -Task-centered therapy identifies specific approaches to address problems in a short period of time. In collaboration with the client, barriers are identified and teamed with specific interventions to address them.

Answer 96

Answer: B -A famous case in Utah challenged the Division of Child and Family Services under freedom of religion and the separation of church and state, and the parents won their case. DCFS was trying to force the parents to treat their son's cancer with chemotherapy, and the parents refused, stating that they believed he would be healed by faith. DCFS was forced to allow the parents their religious freedom. In the final outcome, the child did actually go into remission for his cancer despite DCFS insisting that he had to have chemo to do it.

Answer 97

Answer: A - Neglected children between the age of birth and one year old show a general mistrust of their environment. The emotional immaturity of the mother and inadequate relationships are likely to complicate the development of appropriate bonding. This places the child at risk for abuse or neglect.

Answer 98

Sandra is demonstrating permissive parenting, which is sometimes referred to as indulgent parenting. Children with these caretakers are rarely disciplined due to low expectations for self-control and maturity. Permissive parents are more lenient and avoid confrontation. They prefer to be a friend to their children instead of a parent.

Answer 99

Answer: A - The microsystem is considered the immediate environment a child lives in. Interactions include all close relationships or organization. These consist of family, caregivers, school, and daycare. A child will grow positively if the immediate environment is nurturing and encouraging.

Answer 100

-Changing a belief or behavior to avoid a distressing feeling is an example of cognitive dissonance. Social psychologist Leon Festinger is known for his theories on cognitive dissonance. Individuals will change their attitude towards something if they feel it may result in failure. Important issues with greater discrepancy between behavior and belief will cause a higher degree of dissonance.

Answer 101

Answer: A - Emily is displaying athetoid cerebral palsy. This affects between ten and twenty percent of the total population suffering from this disability. Movements are normally slower and are perceived by a writhing motion. Most individuals will have difficulty with speech and language.

Answer 102

Self-actualization needs pertain to personal growth and fulfillment. This also includes the realization of personal potential and peak experiences. Maslow developed the Hierarchy of Needs in the 1940s. Since that time, other stages have been added such as cognitive needs, aesthetic needs and transcendence needs.

Answer 103

A child's ability to s react is not affected by a learning disorder. Learning disabilities are neurological disorders that affect 1 in 7 people. There is no cure, and individuals will deal with this issue for life. Most can become successful given the right support and intervention. Learning disabilities affect reading, writing, recalling and recognizing information.

Answer 104

Interpersonal antipathy is the opposite of sympathy. Certain mannerisms and physical characteristics are perceived with automatic loathing. The behavior is often irrational and individuals do not put much thought into their reflective consciousness.

Answer 105

There are more positives about having children in the middle years than negatives. Financial stability and a profound sense of worth enable couples to bring life experiences into to their child rearing techniques. Individuals in their twenties sometimes do not feel psychologically ready for the commitments involved in having children.

Answer 106

Answer: B - Bandura describes self-efficacy as the main determinant in how individuals feel, behave, and think. High levels give the belief that difficult situations are not beyond a person's capabilities and they quickly recover from setbacks.

Answer 107

A stressful event is more likely to be traumatic if it happens unexpectedly, is unpreventable or if it involves intentional cruelty. Psychological and emotional trauma is the result of extraordinary events that underplay one's sense of security, making them vulnerable and helpless. It can be caused by a one-time occurrence or an ongoing stressor. Commonly overlooked sources of trauma may include sports injuries, surgery, or humiliating experiences.

Answer 108

Answer: A - Avoidance, substance abuse, anger, and withdrawal are four common maladaptive behaviors, also considered dysfunctional. They only provide short-term relief from anxiety and are not productive in alleviating the problem. Many times they will serve as reinforcements for underlying issues.

Answer 109

D. Children five years of age or younger make up 40% of all abused or neglected children. The greatest risk is during the first year of life. Maltreatment is inflicted by parents in 76% of these cases, while other family members make up 12% more. There are, on average, five deaths each day as a result of child abuse or neglect.

Answer 110

Answer: C - Identity-threatening feelings are protected by defensive functioning. Most individuals have mature reactions to handling reality, and others may have more sophisticated defenses. This is often observed as children become adults.

Answer 111

Answer: A - Bartering arrangements should be avoided at all times to prevent the potential for exploitation and conflict. All written fee-for-service contracts should be approved and signed by both parties. Alan has the option to work with the client over payment arrangements.

Answer 112

Answer: A - Clinical social workers should always be alert to any conflicts of interest that can interfere with impartial judgment and professional discretion. When a conflict arises, the client should be immediately notified. Steps need to be taken towards resolution of the problem in a manner that reflects the client's best interests. Some cases require the social worker to terminate their services and refer the client to another professional.

Answer 113

- Madison should first talk to her coworker with the drug abuse problem. Clinical social workers are professionals in many fields, and this should also fall into place with their own colleagues. If there is direct knowledge of a fellow worker's impairment, that individual should first be consulted and assisted in taking action.

Answer 114

- Clinical social workers should assist and defend their colleagues when there is knowledge they have been wrongly charged with unethical conduct. All social workers should be knowledgeable of local, state and national procedures for handling ethics complaints.

Answer 115

Answer: B - Clinical social workers should only claim credentials they actually hold and take the proper steps to correct any misrepresentations. All qualifications, education, competence, affiliations and service should be accurate.

Answer 116

- Professional ethics require a social worker to obtain a written and signed consent before informing anyone that the client is even in treatment. According to HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act), all adults have the right to decide who they will share treatment information with and how much and what information they will share.

Answer 117

Answer: A - To maintain confidentiality the workers should discuss the case in an office or other private setting with the door closed. The fact that the conference room is open means anyone walking by, including other clients, can overhear details of the case.

Answer 118

- Clinical social workers should only take credit for the jobs they have actually performed. Cooperation with other professionals in different areas serves the well-being of clientele. All team members and their accomplishment should be acknowledged.

Answer 119

When a clinical social worker is not acting in his or her area of expertise, they are demonstrating incompetency. If a professional believes that a colleague is incompetent and has not taken steps to address the issue, action should be taken by established organizations.

Answer 120

All clinical social workers need to take appropriate measures to expose, prevent, discourage or correct unethical conduct by fellow colleagues. They are under obligation to not share client information without a signed informed consent. According to HIPAA, all clients have a legal right to their privacy.

Answer 121

B. Clinical social workers can legally take part in organized action in the form of labor management disputes, job actions or labor strikes. A professional's ethical principles, standards and values are necessary to guide the issue. Before taking part in the strike, James needs to examine the impact it will have on his clients.

Answer 122

A. All individuals have the basic right to self-determination. This quality ensures participation in development and control over what happens. Everyone should be viewed as capable of self-determination and its basis for human commonalities.

Answer 123

B. The Equal Pay Act states that job content, not job title, determines whether individuals are considered equal. Professionals need to be aware of the consequences if they alter from this definition. It is against the law for men and women to have an inequality in pay based on gender. An individual alleging a violation of this act may go directly to court without first contacting a supervisor.

Answer 124

- Professional and ethical obligations should be clearly established. Administration may be contacted to rectify a situation within an interdisciplinary meeting when there are ethical concerns. Clinical social workers should participate in decisions that affect the well-being of a client by drawing on experiences, values and perspectives.

Answer 125

B. - Individuals have a right and responsibility to participate in society, working toward a common good. When these rights are protected, a healthy community can be achieved. Everyone has a right to options necessary for human decency. Clientele have responsibilities to society, community and family.

Answer 126

A. Children are the only group who cannot legally advocate for themselves. As such they are the most vulnerable population and should have priority in the social worker's purview.

Answer 127

A. Professionals take part in social and political action in an effort to promote equality, expand opportunity, challenge injustice and empower others. Individuals, families, and groups should be urged by clinical social workers to participate in governance structures at all varying levels.

Answer 128

C. It is the ultimate injustice for individuals or groups to be unfairly excluded from community participation. Clinical social workers empower clients influence social policies and gain equal access to resources.

Answer 129

C. There should not be exchange of information outside the agency without a capable client's written consent. The only exception to this rule is when contact, such as with the police, prevents imminent danger. Clinical social workers need to be knowledgeable of client confidentiality and consent for services.

Answer 130

D. Timely documentation facilitates the referral of services and ensures a continuous pattern for a client's future. Privacy is an important aspect of documentation, and the record should only contain information directly relevant to the services being provided. Client records should be stored appropriately for future access.

Answer 131

B. The Equal Pay Act requires that men and women in the same workplace receive equal pay for the same work. This includes bonuses, overtime pay and stock options. Gender-based pay discrimination is not tolerated in the field of social work.

Answer 132

C. This situation would be an exception to confidentiallity and privacy considerations if Miranda's colleague could be in danger of serious harm. Note that stalking, such as phone calls, etc., without weapon or threat does NOT qualify as imminent harm to others. In a situation involving imminent harm, the social worker should only disclose information relevant to the potentially threatening situation. Any other disclosures require the consent of the client.

Answer 133

A. Clinical social workers should always avoid negative criticism towards others colleagues while in the presence of other professionals or clients. Respect should be demonstrated by accurately describing the views, obligations and qualifications of other colleagues. Demeaning comments may refer to race, sex, gender, age, color, marital status, political beliefs and competency.

Answer 134

C. Clinical social workers should take part in social and political action when it ensures equal access to resources for all individuals. Whenever possible, one should advocate for changes in legislation that will improve conditions for meeting human needs and encouraging diversity.

Answer 135

A. Culture and function in human behavior should be understood by clinical social workers. Having base knowledge of a person's beliefs prior to services is of utmost importance. Any provisions made need to be sensitive towards differences.

Answer 136

B. Clinical social workers need to take reasonable steps to protect the confidentiality of each and every client. Written or electronic records are not to be available for anyone that does not have appropriate authorization.

Answer 137

D. All of the above situations require client approval and consent. Valid informed consent is the basis of a professional relationship between clinical social worker and client. Should there be language barriers, comprehension problems or literacy issues, steps need to be taken to ensure understanding.

Answer 138

D. Clients have a legal right to their records regardless of the content. The social worker is ethically responsible for record documentation that is accurate, objective, and thorough. While records are typically not automatically handed over when requested (a discussion of the reason and purpose for the request is encouraged), Cassandra cannot legally deny her client access. Another approach is to encourage the client to go over the information with you, so you have the opportunity to answer questions and clarify information.

Answer 139

D. In every state in the U.S., the law requires the state to investigate allegations of child abuse. This issue is a matter of law and it does not violate a person's right to confidentiality to provide requested evidence or testimony in the case where a crime has occurred. Children are 100% protected and a social worker must legally report any and all suspicions of child abuse regarding any person under the age of 18 or face prosecution themselves for failure to report it.

Answer 140

A. Dual relationships occur when clients and clinical social workers relate in more than one manner. Administrators have the job of modeling, coaching and engaging within professional discussions. They should assure proper boundaries are being achieved within the practice of professional standards.

Answer 141

C. Child welfare organizations are responsible for sharing new information pertaining to laws and requirements with staff in a timely manner. Clinical social workers must stay on top of local, state and federal changes tat have an impact on children and families.

Answer 142

D. The above rules govern child protection and take into account the best interest of children. The clinical social worker is required to utilize the legal process, and documentation of evidence is very important. A family should be given the opportunity to vent their feelings, obtain information pertaining to rights and obtain legal counsel.

Answer 143

C. The clinical social worker recognizes this situation as a conflict of interest under the NASW code of ethics. Instead of alienating her son's friendship with the child, she should let her son know she cannot answer his question and redirect the conversation to a less sensitive topic. Madeline needs to make administration aware of the problem and allow the decision as to whether or not to transfer the case to another professional. In rural areas, it is often part of the job to professionally manage dual relationships as the community is too small to avoid working with people you may see in a social venue. In these cases boundaries and close supervision are important.

Answer 144

D. When a provider cannot adequately serve a client, he or she should be referred to a professional with the necessary expertise. Social workers are encouraged to make appropriate referrals in recognition of the fact that they will likely not have the training to meet every one of their client's needs.

Answer 145

C. Stereotyping is a preconceived notion pertaining to a group of individuals. In the situation with Alex, a fellow colleague appears to believe all poverty-level people are lacking in intelligence. This is a category the clinical social worker has organized in his thinking to save time when predicting a social environment.

Answer 146

C. Any administrator acting in the role of supervisor should be competent in his/her area of expertise. If a problem arises outside of this subject matter, collaboration with knowledgeable professionals is a must.

Answer 147

B. If documentation is not handled correctly, it can become detrimental to the well-being of a client. When urgency arises in regards to a referral, only pertinent information should be delivered. There are many necessary functions of a clinical social worker, but documentation should be time sensitive.

Answer 148

C. Clinical social work administrators have the important role of making critical decisions. They also provide feedback regarding improvements, accomplishments and needs. Another duty may involve quality control coordination.

Answer 149

B. Clinical social work administrators need to stress the importance of employees only working within their realm of competency. Professionals should seek the advice of colleagues whenever the consultation is in the best interest of the client and maintain knowledge of other colleagues areas of expertise.

Answer 150

B. Before therapy can be successful, an intimate relationship must be established between the clinical social worker and the client. A relationship in social work is defined as a beginning and end with human encounters between two or more people.

Answer 151

D. The dignity of work and the rights of workers often take a backseat to marketplace profit. Individuals are not present to serve the economy. The basic rights of workers must be respected in the manner of fair wages, private property, union membership and economic initiative.

Answer 152

B. A clinical social worker cannot terminate services when a client poses an imminent danger to self or others. Social workers can terminate services to clients when they no longer serve their needs or interests. This can also occur due to non-payment or an overdue balance as agreed upon in a contract. A professional is responsible for discussing payment arrangements as set forth in a mutual contract.

Answer 153

D. Clinical social workers should be knowledgeable of resources through other agencies based on referrals and partnerships. Once an available source is found, the professional can assist the client in obtaining the necessary funding. Social workers practice advocacy in and out of their agencies to secure resources meeting client's needs.

Answer 154

D. The colleague needs to discuss the problem first with the clinical social worker. If the issue is not rectified, then administration needs to be contacted. All professionals should pursue measures to prevent, discourage, expose or correct unethical conduct. Clinical social workers need to be aware of the policies for professionalism.

Answer 155

C. Considering the danger to the child, the clinical social worker acted professionally. The best interest of the child is top priority when child abuse is suspected.

Answer 156

D. The Americans with Disabilities Act protects individuals with mental and physical impairments. They require disabled citizens to have an equal opportunity to work and require that accommodations be made. Amanda has the experience and skills to perform her job well with little hinderance.

Answer 157

D. The equal employment opportunity commission promotes the enforcement of civil rights through administrative and judicial means. It was created in 1964 by the Civil Rights Act and monitors workplaces for discrimination against employees.

Answer 158

B. Racism is the belief that one race in particular is superior based on their intelligence, physical attributes or culture. The civil rights movement accomplished many breakthroughs for the black population. They gained the right to equally participate in social, economic and political environments.

Answer 159

A. Social equality is defined as people within a specific society or isolated group having the same status. Many feel this will never occur due to economics, foreign policies and immigration. Social equality includes security, access to health care, freedom of speech and property rights.

Answer 160

B. Ethnicity is best described as a group of individuals that share an interest in their homeland geographical area, common language, traditions, and religion. Most are characterized by morphology, specifically skin color.

Answer 161

C. Material exploitation is defined as the improper or illegal use of an elderly person's funds, property, or assets. Other examples include forging a person's signature, misusing money, cashing an elderly person's checks, or coercing an elderly person into signing a document.

Answer 162

C. A client's best interest should always be of utmost importance. Clinical social workers can seek out a third party if they act in a manner consistent with the client's wishes. Attempt to inform the client to the best of their understanding.

Answer 163

C. It is the clinical social worker's responsibility to ensure a client comprehends the services being provided and does not sign anything without full understanding. If a detailed verbal explanation is not appropriate due to a client's literacy or language barrier, a translator should be provided.

Answer 164

C. Quality social work services can be assured when there is strong dedication to credentials, publications, training courses, education and consultation. Professionals are ethically required to be current on research, techniques, and theories that guide social work practice.

Answer 165

B. Clinical social workers provide an outcome evaluation to ensure all practices have been appropriately maintained in the client's best interest. The main purpose of the professional is to diagnose and treat disabilities or disorders, prevent dysfunction, and enhance the client's functioning ability.

Answer 166

B. False. In this case it is about more than just the degree. You must also have experience and supervision for a minimum of 3000 hours, plus pass the clinical exam.

Answer 167

A. Boundary violations occur when a professional breaches the trust of the client to gain personally or professionally. When clinical social workers step outside their boundaries, the results may include adjudicated violations, arbitration processes, or even criminal court. Professionals are responsible for maintaining a healthy, safe relationship with the client.

Answer 168

D. Clinical social worker has to use their professional judgement in determining whether a client's self-determination will be come a serious risk. While the social worker profession emphasizes the need for individual liberties, the general welfare of the client and others is more important.

Answer 169

C. The only professional in this list that works directly with change to thoughts, feelings, and behaviors is a clinical social worker. The other three choices are concerned with client management.

Answer 170

C. Avoidance techniques are not a useful tactic when initiating group therapy. Group therapy is productive when working with individuals who suffer from social anxiety. They learn interpersonal skills such as initiating conversations, eye contact and relating to authority. Positive reflection helps build confidence through feedback and appreciation.

Answer 171

D. Clinically an intervention that has not been backed by academic research is not considered a viable and proven treatment. Homeopathy is an alternative medicine treatment using highly diluted preparations of ingredients that cause the patietn to exhibit similar symptoms to their existing medical issues. Clinical studies have not found homeopathy to be effective treatment for any disease or disorder.

Answer 172

C. Pamela would benefit most from group therapy. The goal of group therapy is to remove discomfort from situations involving collaboration. It helps build confidence and services as a bridge for interaction in a safe environment.

Answer 173

B. A clinical social worker practicing person-centered therapy will demonstrate emotional understanding towards the client's point of view. The professional will listen and give their full attention. The client will determine the direction of therapy.

Answer 174

A. The social worker is utilizing the principle of empowerment to help Rachel confront negative internal forces.

Answer 175

C. Guided imagery is an example of behavior modification. This technique is utilized in mental health treatment to improve clients' inner experiences and has been proven to be effective with sex offenders. Guided imagery relies on an individual's ability to use imagery for mental rehearsal.

Answer 176

A. A client with a drug abuse problem may fail to make progress if her or she is placed in a passive, helpless role. The professional needs to move from discussing what is wrong to emphasizing what is right. Utilizing solution-focused therapy, a client becomes the expert in determining how to achieve success. Clinical social workers need to concentrate on the future and direct the client's thinking.

Answer 177

B. The purpose of group therapy is to utilize a peer group with common issues to explore together issues and resolutions related to the identified problems. Utilizing socialization as a method, members provided interaction and feedback as part of working toward change.

Answer 178

C. Cognitive behavioral therapy is a psychotherapeutic approach to solving dysfunctional emotions. It combines behavior therapy and cognitive therapy to provide direct treatment for specific disorders. Rehabilitation can be completed in individual or group settings.

Answer 179

C. Professionals providing person-centered therapy create a close relationship with their client. The clinical social worker seeks to increase self-understanding and insight through informal questions and to sympathize with the clients situation.

Answer 180

D. Advancing the social conditions within a community is a method utilized in indirect practice. Psychological counseling, guidance and assistance are often made available to disadvantaged individuals.

Answer 181

A. Many aging adults require help with everyday needs such as housing, transportation, meals, and long term care. Clinical social workers provide agency referrals necessary for in-home care and proper medical supplies. They assess the needs of the situation, coordinate solutions, and monitor the implementation.

Answer 182

D. Task-centered rests on the assumption that people want to solve their issues and have the resources to do so. Individual, family and environmental systems may facilitate or block resolution. Behaviors are changed outside of the session.

Answer 183

B. professional use of self allows the therapist to be human to the client without violating professional relationship boundaries. All information the therapist shares about him or herself should be done in the context of how it will help the clients.

Answer 184

D. Rational Emotive Behavior therapy (REBT), developed by Albert Ellis, focuses on the thought-feeling-action triad. It addresses irrational thoughts/behaviors by connecting them to thinking errors.

Answer 185

A. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) combines standard cognitive behavioral techniques for emotion regulation and reality-testing with concepts of distress tolerance, acceptance, and mindful awareness largely derived from Buddhist meditative practices. DBT may be the first therapy that has been experimentally demonstrated to be generally effective in treating borderline personality disorder.

Answer 186

C. Affairs typically represent a loss of an ideal, a breach of trust, and a betrayal of the value of the relationship which is being cheated upon. Much like the trauma of death, the client must deal with the loss of something valuable to him or her.

Answer 187

C. Play-based therapy focuses on individual needs similar to those found in adult sessions. Playing comes naturally to children and is ideal for self-expression. Clinical social workers can utilize directive or non-directive approaches for allowing youngsters to display their feelings.

Answer 188

C. Humanistic clinical social workers demonstrate reflective listening and empathy. Success is measured by self-examination and creative expression.

Answer 189

A Shayla could benefit from cognitive-behavioral therapy. Treatments might include desensitization to help Shayla overcome her phobia. The process would take place in steps and eliminate the need for situational avoidance. Other treatments for Shayla might include desensitization and relaxation training.

Answer 190

D. Emily is showing signs of neglect. Neglect is a maltreatment characterized by an ongoing pattern of inadequate care, easily observed by individuals in everyday contact with a child. This is the most prevalent form of a child abuse in the United States. 62.8% of children who suffered from abuse were the victims of neglect. 42.2% of child fatalities occur as a result of this maltreatment.

Answer 191

C. This situation is an example of emotional/psychological neglect, a pattern of which can result in a child's poor self-image, drug or alcohol abuse, destructive behaviors or even suicide. Examples of emotional child maltreatment include ignoring, rejecting, verbally assaulting, terrorizing and exploitation.

Answer 192

D. Structural family therapy places most of the focus on the members' interactions. The family is viewed as a system that functions within a larger classification such as culture or community. Rules of interaction are established, and these form of the family's structure. Therapy should always focus on the presenting problems and the process of change.

Answer 193

D. Empathy can only be experienced to its fullest capacity when 4 components come into play; self-awareness, mental flexibility, emotion regulation, and affective sharing. Empathy is the ability to envision what another person is thinking or feeling.

Answer 194

B. The bodily-kinesthetic feature of the Multiple Intelligence theory takes into account body movement control, manual dexterity, physical agility, balance, and eye-body coordination. Howard Gardner mentored under Erik Erikson and was highly influenced by Jeanne Piaget, Jerome Bruner, and philosopher Nelson Goodman.

Answer 195

A. Transference brings a client's emotional past and psychological needs into the present. The reaction is often caused by neglect, abuse or unmet needs. The clinical social worker will respond in terms of what is really happening in the present. Clients who do not recognize the difference between present and past will often incur the same problems repeatedly.

Answer 196

B. Rules surrounding family interaction function as the maintenance and preservation of homeostasis. When experiencing disturbances, the family sees change as threatening instead of the opportunity for growth. Issues that continue to exist are based on the same ineffective response methods of communication.

Answer 197

C. Harm reduction is the best acceptable goal in many cases of substance abusers. Clinical studies have shown the pursuit of abstinence may cause the urge to rebel through excessive use. Harm reduction sets a goal for the client to obtain self-sufficiency, optimal health and satisfaction.

Answer 198

A. Psychodynamic therapy involves the emergence of subconscious thoughts during counseling. The client has the ability to explore unresolved conflicts and issues from their past that have manifested into behaviors. Many professionals utilize this practice to treat social isolation, anger and depression.

Answer 199

C. Behavioral therapy uses collaboration between the therapist and client. The duration of the sessions is normally short-term. Therapy may also include role-playing, self-management training, and behavior experiments.

Answer 200

B. The hero role describes a family member that takes on the needless responsibility of trying to handle the problem. This will eventually lead to feelings of inadequacy as the issue continues to resurface. Dysfunctional families foster insecurities and cause other members to inherit traits of negativity and inappropriate defense mechanisms.

Answer 201

A. Critical incident stress management or CISM, refers to a system that was initially designed for high-risk professional groups such as disaster response units, military and emergency personnel. This team of professionals helps prevent post-traumatic stress disorder and other associated problems. It is recommended that debriefing occur within 24 hours of the crisis by peer support personnel or emergency service workers.

Answer 202

A. The correct manner of suppressing anger is by redirecting it into something constructive. If this is not done in an outward expression, anger can remain inward and cause hypertension, depression and high blood pressure. Unexpressed anger can often lead to passive-aggressive behavior or a hostile personality.

Answer 203

B. Case management is a service ideal for supporting individuals with chronic diseases. In Beverly's case, she is losing the ability to self-manage. The clinical social worker will assess appropriate long-term care needs. The focus is on collaboration between social and health care providers. Effective case management supports the individual in a manner that allows effective community involvement while maintaining that person in their home.

Answer 204

D. Clinical social workers stay within their boundaries while acting on a multi-disciplinary team. They help assess the situation, identify community resources, and advocate for the disabled individual.

Answer 205

C. The interdisciplinary approach to service enhances communication among several professionals. A client and their family will be among the team participants. Each individual will collaborate with the others to ensure smooth progress and a positive attitude towards all disciplines is quite apparent. Professional activities appear to flow into one another with no break in services.

Answer 206

B. Clinical social workers have the ability to implement learning theories in educational programs. Once they assess the needs of a client and/or family, they will obtain the necessary resources. Delivery of information relies on the facilitation of learning. All knowledge should be addressed in a manner conducive to the client's communication skills.

Answer 207

D. Clinical social work documentation includes a vast amount of information. It starts with the first assessment and ends with the closure of a client's case. Knowledge found within the record keeping will include: on-going interventions and treatment planning, collaborations, outcomes, confidentiality rights, and signed releases. It is pertinent to always document dates, times, and descriptions of client contact.

Answer 208

C. Family preservation is often sought for families who are actively working with Child protective services or the juvenile court system. This approach targets those who are facing immediate threat of children being placed outside of the home. The goal is prevention and/or reunification if the children are coming home to their family.

Answer 209

B. Treatment contracts help define interventions, length of treatment, goals established and the method of termination. If changes occur along the way, both client and social worker will reestablish the contract. Services that may reach beyond the agreement should be specified.

Answer 210

C. Clients have the responsibility of determining when to terminate clinical social work services. Recommendations can be given for further treatment, but the client can deny them. The only time a professional can interfere with this decision is when there are foreseen dangers or violations of legal codes.

Answer 211

A. When clients feel they have successfully met the definition of termination, they may end services. Clinical social workers are still responsible for helping the individual locate on-going support, if necessary, and provide further care if the client so desires.

Answer 212

B. A clinical social worker practicing as a mediator will structure the problem-solving process. This will involve education, information organization and suggested options for developing proposals. Mediation assessments are generally short-term with interest-based problem solving goals.

Answer 213

C. Clients require a clear indicator of wellness during treatment. Establishing goals emphasizes self-determination and empowerment. Individuals are able to associate with treatment, participation and evaluation. Goals hold clients accountable for making better choices and enhancing their lives.

Answer 214

D. The fourth mechanism is the energizing function. This theory also recognizes the relevance of task performance based on goal commitment, feedback and self-efficacy. It is the focus of the clinical social worker to ensure the goal set forth by the client is attainable.

Answer 215

A. Clinical social workers understand the importance of helping victims recover from a crisis. It is an important domain within the healing process. Individuals want to gain stability in their lives and prevent further victimization. For crisis intervention to be successful, it should be practiced in a structured, humanistic manner.

Answer 216

A. A clinical social worker will recommend that Logan notes patterns of anxiety levels. Anytime the client gets worried or demonstrates behavioral avoidance, this should be documented. As Logan becomes aware of the anxiety cues, he will learn to initiate learned coping responses.

Answer 217

D. Client-centered evaluation also considers the client's gender and sexual orientation. These factors guide how decisions will be made. A clinical social worker can utilize the information to determine if therapy should proceed as planned, change due to deteriorating circumstances or begin termination due to stable goals being met.

Answer 218

B. Psychotherapy focuses on relationship problems and interpersonal interactions. The clinical social worker chooses participants based on a common need. Many individuals benefit greatly from this form of treatment and tend to become a useful influence on others within the group.

Answer 219

C. Cognitive therapy helps a client identify distorted thoughts, modify and change behaviors. Once an individual is fully aware of these feelings, change comes easily and one can begin to relate with others in different ways.