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Practice Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Enteric Nervous System

A

Regulates movement of water and electrolytes between gut lumen and tissue fluid compartments
-Directs secertomotor neurons that innervate mucosa in small and large intestines to control permeability of ions

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2
Q

Availability Heuristic

A

Overvaluing info based on what is readily available

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3
Q

Mimetic organization def

A

Just attempt to copy another organization

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4
Q

Normative organization def

A

Organzation in which people volunteer

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5
Q

Coercive organization

A

Organizations in which members are forced to join

Ex: Prisons

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6
Q

Utilitarian Organization

A

Members are compensated for their involvement

-Employees share membership

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7
Q

Semantic Memory

A

Facts and concepts

Ex: memorizing the word letter abbreviations of the amino acids

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8
Q

Episodic memory

A

Specific life experiences

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9
Q

Echoic memory

A

Type of sensory info that only pertains to auditory info

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10
Q

Sublimation Psyc theory

A

When person channels unacceptable urges into something more acceptable

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11
Q

Someone channels their craving to smoke into helping others to quit smoking. What psychodynamic theory is this?

A

Sublimation

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12
Q

Reaction formation def

A

Express the opposite of your true motivations or desires

Ex: Emphaticallly discussing how people should quit smoking despite wanting them to continue smoking

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13
Q

Intellectualization

A

Use of cognitive processes to separate oneself from the real problem and avoid the emotions/impulses associated with the situation
Ex: Focusing on statistics instead of the reasons behind smoking

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14
Q

Rationalization

A

When a person uses false but logical reasons to explain a feeling/desire
Ex: Person might say they’re only craving cigs because everyone is talking about quitting when that isn’t true

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15
Q

Mead’s theory of Nature components

A

I: Autonomous sense of self that reacts to the “me”
Me: COllection of attitudes taken from society

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16
Q

Gordon allport theory

A

Trait perspective of personality

Cardinal, central and secondary traits

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17
Q

Cardinal traits

A

Characteristics that direct most of person’s activities

  • Dominant trait that influence all of our behaviors
  • Influences central and secondary traits
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18
Q

Central Traits

A

Less dominant than cardinal

-Honesty, sociability, shyness

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19
Q

Secondary traits

A

Preferences or attitude

-Reluctance to eat meat

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20
Q

Hans Eyseneck Theory of personality

A

3 major dimensions of personality that encompass all traits we possess

  • Degrees we express them are different
  • Psychocitism, extroversion, neuroticism
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21
Q

Psychocitisim def Eyseneck

A

Degree to which reality is distorted

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22
Q

Extroversion def Eyseneck

A

Degree of sociability

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23
Q

Neuroticism def Eyseneck

A

Emotional stability

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24
Q

Hypothalamus role in limbic system

A

Regulates autonomic NS for fight or flight response

  • Controls endocrine system to trigger hormons
  • 4 F’s
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25
Sexual dimorphism
Biological differences based on gender
26
Stereotype threat
When individuals perceive that they are expected to perform in a certain way based on a stereotype -They follow this stereotype unwittingly
27
Inductive vs deductive reasoning
Inductive:nExtrapolates from individual observations to general principles Deductive: Using general principles to lead to observations
28
Prescriptive vs descriptive reasoning
Pres: What an individual believes should occur -Prescription of what will happen Desc: What one perceives as actually occurring
29
Oedipal complex
INdividual wants to become his mother's primary focus of love and intimacy -Must supplant the father
30
Projection psychoanalytic theory
Person takes feelings about themselves and projects them onto an external source
31
Repression def
When a person chooses not to think about a painful topic
32
Transference def
Transferring of feelings about one relationship to another | Ex: Pt transferring childhood feelings about parents onto their therapist
33
Components of world systems theory
Core, semi-periphery and periphery countries characterized by wealth, military strength and gov institutions
34
Core nation characteristics
Strong central gov with tax to support it - Economically diversified, industrialized and independent of outside control - Focus on higher scope of producing material goods not raw materials
35
Peripher nation characteristics
RElatively weak gov - Gov greatly influenced by core countries and global organizations - Economy focused on narrow economic activity like raw materials - High percentrage of poor/uneducated people - Strong upper class controls most of economy
36
Semi periphery nations
Middle ground between core and periphery nations - Not dominant in international trade but very diversified and developed economy - Can be periphery countires that became advanced or core countries that declined
37
Anchoring and adjustment heuristic
Tie impressions to earlier perceptions of people | Ex: Mr smith makes a judgement about John's behavior based on what he already knew about him
38
Representativeness heuristic
People loof for most representative answer Ex: Linda is outspoken and intelligent and majored in philiosophy and fought against discrimination -Most people thinks she's a feminist even tho they don't know
39
What is external attribution?
Situational attriubtion
40
What is internal attribution
Dispositional attribution
41
Chunking
Combining individual pieces of info into larger chunks so that they can be remembered easily Ex: remembering a phone number by chunks of 3 or 4 numbers rather than remembering each number separately
42
Priming def
Previous experiences influence current interpretations of an event -Implicit memory effect in which exposure to one stimulus influences response to another stimulus
43
Eidetic memory def
Photographic memory
44
Procedural memory def
Memory of how to perform tasks like riding a bike
45
Social loafing def
When people in a group work less hard than they would individually
46
Mass hysteria def
Collective delusional belief that something is threatening | -Spreads through fear and misinformation
47
Anomie def
Breakdown of social bonds between an individual and community -Society loses firm collective consciousness
48
How is social anomie resolved
When social norms are strengthened and groups must redevelop sets of shared norms
49
Social Construction theory
HUman activity is a product of human creations made through human choices and interactions all mediated via language.
50
What is insulation groupthink
When members of the group will never come in contact with opposing ideas
51
How would a lone dissenter affect groupthink
It would weaken it because alternative ideas could mess up group cohesiveness
52
Crossover design for study
When participants participate in each group of the study
53
What are the two levels of socila groups in society
Primary and secondary groups
54
Primary group sociology def
Stable, lifelong relationships | -Families, childhood friends
55
Secondary group sociology def
Temporary relationships unlikely to last - Coworkers at a second job - Neighbors when living in a temporary house
56
Kohlberg's preconventional stage characteristics
1. obedience vs punishment - Reasoning based on consequences 2. Individualism and self-interest - Doing what is right for personal gain
57
Conventional stage Kholberg characteristics
1. Societal norms/acceptance - Authority internalized but not questioned - Be good in order to be seen as good by others - Conformity 2. Law and order/abidance - Maintaining social order -> follow the rules
58
Post conventional kholberg characteristics
1. Social contract: individual aware that laws are for greater good but can work against some people - Sometimes laws must be broken to reach principles 2. Universal ethical principle - People develop own set of moral guidelines that may or may not fit law
59
What age do people reach postconventional stage of kholberg
Not many people reach this stage - ONly people who worked against conformity to promote social welfare - MLK, Mandela, Ghandi
60
SNOW DROP blotting techniques
S = southern blot N=northern blot W=western blot D=DNA R=RNA P=Protein
61
Chromaffin cells
Secrete epi/norepi from adrenal medulla
62
Granulosa cells
Produce sex steroids and growth factors that aid oocyte in development -Activated by FSH
63
Sertoli cells
In seminiferous tubule and helps with maturation of sperm cells -Activated by FSH
64
Leydig cells
Found adjacent to seminiferous tubules in testicles - Produce testosterone and other androgens - Activated by LH
65
Pnemonic for Leydig and sertoli cells activation
fSh: S stands for sertoli Lh: L stands for leydig
66
Difference between aspartate and aspartic acid structures
Aspartic acid has hydroxyl group protonated Aspartate has deprotonated O on terminal functional group -Aspartate is aspartic acid nature at physiological pH
67
Osmolality def
Concentration of solution: total number of solute particle per kg
68
Osmolality relation to ADH and BP
As omsolality inc, body releases ADH | -Leads to inc of in blood volume and BP

MCAT (12 decks)

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