Practice Test Flashcards
(139 cards)
0
Q
Nucleic acid
A
Allows organisms to transfer genetic information info Fomites one generation to the next
1
Q
Which class of biomolecules may influence the rate of specific chemical reactions w/ living cells ?
A
Proteins
2
Q
(2) types of nucleic acids
A
- DNA
2. RNA
3
Q
Protein
A
Enzyme catalyst
Used to transport molecules
Store molecules
4
Q
Lipids
A
Storage
Structural components of cell membranes
5
Q
Carbohydrates
A
Supply energy for body processes
Fat oxidation
6
Q
Which of the following is the form of energy contained in. Turing molecules and in ATP’s high-energy bonds?
A
Potential energy
7
Q
Mechanical energy
A
Sum of potential energy & kinetic energy
Energy associated w/movement & position of object
8
Q
Potential energy
A
“Stored energy “
Energy waiting to be used
NOT moving, with ability to do work when released
9
Q
Kinetic energy
A
Energy in “MOTION”
10
Q
Radiation energy
A
Energy of electromagnetic waves
11
Q
Which of the following best explains the maintenance of a nearly constant avg temp. Of the structure of the earth?
A
The amounts of solar energy absorbs radiant energy , emitted by the earth existic in equilibrium
12
Q
Drugs that STOPS the function of enzyme DNA polymerase would
A
Block replication of DNA carrying genetic code in the nucleus
13
Q
Which of the following describes the function of ribosomes in living cells ?
A
Use of genetic information to build specific protein in molecules
14
Q
Ribosomes
A
Site of translation of the genetic code of DNA and RNA into the amino acid code of protein
- protein synthesis
- assemble (20) amino acids molecules to for, particular protein molecule
15
Q
Which of the following organ systems is responsible for transporting nutrients, waste, and other substance tnroughout the human body ?
A
Circulatory system
16
Q
Respiratory system
A
Tubes used to carry air to lungs
Gas exchange takes place
17
Q
Immune system
A
Protect against disease by identifying pathogens
* protects body against infectious agents using WBC & antibodies
18
Q
Nervous system
A
Controls all systems
19
Q
Circulatory
A
Transports materials , nutrients to cells
*waste from cells
20
Q
Primary function of the cells lining trachea and bronchi is to ?
A
Secrete mucous
Propel trapped debris toward the pharynx
21
Q
Function of cell membrane
A
Surround cytoplasm
* separate intracellular components from extra cellular environment
22
Q
Histamine
A
Major factor in inflammatory response system
Neurotransmitter
MAny allergic reactions are due to abrupt histamine
23
Q
Digestive system
A
Facilitates absorption of substances into the bloodstream
24
Hydrogen bonding
Attractive force between (1) electronegative atom & hydrogen covalent bond to another electronegative body.
25
Capillary action
Movement of liquids in thin tubes
| Flow of liquids through porous media, such as flow of H20 through soil
26
Which of the following structures w/ in a human cell is responsible for recycling the materials no longer functional or needed within cell ?
Lysosomes
27
Ribosomes
Synthesis of protein, according to sequence of amino acids
| Specified in messenger RNA
28
Lysosomes
Specialized membranes bound vessels contain enzymes for molecular digestion
* recycle molecules
* disposal of cellular debris
* cell membrane repair
* phagocytosis
29
Mitochondria
"Powerhouse of cell"
| * # of enzymes & proteins that help process carbs &rafts obtained from food we eat / release energy
30
Nucleus
Component of Eukaryotic cells
* contains genetic material
* carry function of gene expression, hereditary
31
Lysosomes
Specialize vacuoles containing a digestive enzyme
32
Hemophilia
Cluster of hereditary genetic disorders where he body's ability to control or stop bleeding with help of blood clotting or coagulation
33
Anemia
RBC count in blood or the amount of hemoglobin is below the normal rate level
* results when hemoglobin in RBC does NOT transport enough oxygen
34
Hypertension
Increase in diastolic blood pressure
35
Leukemia
Form of blood cancer from abnormal growth of WBC in human body
36
The sugars for,ing the backbone of a nucleic acid molecule are linked by ?
Phosphide ester bonds
37
Ionic bonds
Transfer of electrons from one atom to another creating two charged
38
Cerebellum
Coordinates motor activities
| * maintains balance,equilibrium, posture
39
Brain stem
Controls flow of messages between brain & rest of the body
| Controls breathing, swallowng, heart rate, blood pressure, consciousness,nawabs
40
Thalamus
Transmit movement
| Sensory information
41
Hypothalamus
Control center for autonomic functions
Hormone productions
Body temp, thirst, hunger, sleep, sex drive, and release of hormones
42
Chemistry:
| CO
Polar covalent compound
| Compound made up of non-metals
43
Chemistry : what kind of bond?
| H2O
Covalent bond
44
Chemistry: what kind of bond?
| NaCI
Table salt ( ionic bond)
45
Chemistry: what kind of bond ?
| NH3
Simple stable compound
46
Ionic compound
Bond between (+) charged molecule (cation) with a (-) charged molecule
47
The best direct method of assessing global climate change is to measure changes over time is?
Surface temperatures of the earth
| Surface temperatures are directly affected by climate change and are best method for assessing those changes
48
Plasmodesmata
Small channels that directly connect the cytoplasm of neighbor plant cells
*allows certain molecules to pass directly from one cell to another
49
Plastids
Doubled membranes "sac-like" organelles
* manufacture or storage of food
* include chloroplast, chromoplast, leucoplast
50
Centrioles
Produce spindle fibers that pull chromatids apart
51
Telomeres
Caps at the end of each strand of DNA that protect our chromosomes, like the plastic tips at the end of shoe laces
52
During the transcription of the Eukaryotic genetic code of DNA into RNA , certain regions are removed from the mature transcript. These regions are called ?
Introns
53
Introns
Non-coding segment of DNA that interrupts a gene coding sequence or non-translating sequence corresponds segment removed from RNA copy before transcripts
54
Exons
* protein coding region into the DNA
* nucleic acid sequence in the DNA
* RNA transcript following genetic splicing
55
Operons
*functioning unit of genomic DNA containing cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter
56
Alleles
* alternate form of a gene located @ specific position on a specific position on a specific chromosome
* DNA codings determine distinct traits passed onto offspring
57
In a chemical reAction , a metal will become ?
A cation by losing electrons
58
Explain what happens in the circulatory system during hyperventilation
The carbon dioxide level decreases and the blood PH increases , causing constriction and hypoxia
59
Function of RNA in eukaryotic cells is to
Provide template for protein synthesis
* DNA->RNA template for translation by ribosomes
* RNA used to convert info
* stored in DNA into proteins
60
Which enzyme breaks down complex carbohydrates ?
Amylase
61
Amylase
Breaks down complex starch
| Carbs into maltose , a simple disaccharide
62
Pepsin
Enzyme
Degrades food proteins into peptides
Digestive system
63
Lactose
Sugar found in milk
| Lg sugar molecule made up of 02 sugar molecules
64
LipAse
Protein enzyme
Released by pancreas into small intestine
Helps absorbs fat
65
Alzheimer's disease
Type of dementia that causes problems with memory thinking and behavior
66
Chronic bronchitis
Inflammation of the lining of the airways of bronchial tubes
67
Emphysema
Chronic lung disease
Damage to air sacs (aveoli) in lungs
Body NOT get O2 it needs
68
Conditions that help a species escape extinction in the face of changing of environmental conditions, such as habital destruction?
Generalized distribution
69
Exterminate specialization
Adaption as of an organ or species, to specific function or environment
70
Small populations
* increased risk of extinction
| * due to loss of genetic variability inbreeding and genetic drift
71
Ecological niche
Relational position of a species or population in ecosystem
72
Bonding together of smaller molecules to form larger molecules ?
Anabolism
73
Anabolism
Constructive metabolism
| *synthesis in living organisms of more complex substance from simpler ones
74
Catalysis
* increased rate of chemical reaction due to participation of additional substance
75
Catabolism
Breaking down in living organisms of more complex substances into smaller ones with release of energy
76
Anaphylaxis
Allergic reaction to a foreign substance
77
An organism that contains its own unique genetic material and carried out protein synthesis separate from the cytoplasm ?
Chloroplast
78
Golgi apparatus
Membrane bound organelle of eukaryotic cell
| Transport , modify packing proteins, and lipids into vessicles for delivery
79
Endoplasmic reticulum
Making / packing proteins
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Lysosomes
Digestive system of cell
| Degrade material taken up from outside of cell
81
Choloroplast
```
Food producers of cells
Found in plant cells
Conduct photosynthesis
Absorbs sunlight , use w/ H20 and CO2
Only in plants, protista
```
82
The cause of cell fife triathlon is that different cells
Express alternate genetic information
| *generic embryonic cells become specialized cells, occurs through gene expression
83
Gene expression
Specific combination of genes that are turned off or on
| Dictates now cells function
84
Relationship between genes and chromosomes
* Genes are DNA sequences found in chromosomes
* Genes are proteins encoded by chromosomes
* chromosomes are proteins that carry genes made up of DNA
* chromosomes consist a DNA molecule made up of. Many genes
* Genes are proteins made around which DNA chromosomes are packaged
85
Which halogens reacts most readily with metal sodium ?
Chlorine gas
86
Iodine
Solid
Minerals, forms compounds with element
Thyroid hormone production
87
Bromine
Liquid
Non metallic element
Heavy , volatile, mobile, dangerous, unpleasant odor,
88
Chlorine
Gas
| Respiratory irritant antiseptic
89
Astatine
Solid
Isotope
Radioactive
Most metallic
90
Gallbladder
Holds bile
Produced in liver u to needed for digestion
Duodenum of small intestine
91
Leukocytes (WBC)
Cells of immune system involved in protecting body against infectious disease/invaders
92
Spleen
Filter for body
Part of immune system old RBC
Recycled platelets, and WBC stored
Fight against certain kinds of bacteria
93
Vestigial organs
```
Un needed parts
(5)
Appendix
Tail bone
Male nipples
Wisdom teeth
```
94
The specific stage of meiosis during which a cells chromosomes number is reduced by 1/2 is ?
Anaphase
95
Prophage I
```
Coil
Becomes shorter
Thicker
Nucleus disappears
Meiosis spindle forms
Nuclear envelope disappears
```
96
Anaphase
*(2) chromosomes separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell as a result of action of spindle
97
Prophase II
```
No new chromosome
Replication occurs before meiosis II
Centrioles duplicate
Separate (2) members of the pair
Nuclear envelope breaks down spindle
```
98
Monosaccharides
Simple sugars
| Building blocks for carbs
99
Fatty acids
Molecules that are long chains of lipid carboxylate acid in fats / oils in cell membrane of phospholipids
100
Nucleotides
DNA consists of sugar (deoxyribose)
(4) bases
Cystosyine Adenine
Thymine Guanine
101
Myosin
Contain "heads" that contact actin and pull the actin fibers together in an ATP dependent mechanism that causes muscle to contract
102
Dyenin
ATP- splitting enzyme essential to modify of cilia/flagella, because of its interactive with microtubules.
103
Keratin
Fibrous structural proteins
104
Laminin
Protein that is part of the extra cellular matrix in humans / animals
105
Phosphorous
Formation of bones/ teeth
Body to make protein for the growth maintenance
Repair of cells, tissues, helps make ATP
106
Sodium
Body uses to control blood pressure and blood volume.
| Regulate blood glucose levels, aid in the production of energy, protein
107
Magnesium
Mineral
Maintain normal nerve
Muscle function
108
Ectoderm
Embryo
Outermost of germ layers
Appears early in development of animals vertebrae
109
Mesoderm
Middle of germ layers
Connective tissue
Bone, cartilage ,muscle
110
Endoderm
```
Innermost of (3) germ layers
Gives rise to the epithelium, tissues that covers
```
111
Archenteron
Primary digestive cavity
112
Pancreas
Makes enzymes to digest, proteins, fats, and carbs in intestines, produces hormones insulin / glucagon
113
Liver
```
Gland, produces Giles, needed to digest fats
De-toxify blood
Stores vitamins
Iron
Simple sugars
Converts stored sugar to usable
Breaks down hemoglobin
Destroys old RBC
```
114
Gallbladder
Stores bile
Aid in digestion of food
Bile helps dissolve fat so that it can be absorbed in bloodstream
115
Sympathetic
Physiological responses, often provoke by stress
116
Limbic
Set of evolutionary
Brain structures located @ brainstorm, involved in survival emotions
Ex: fear , anger, sexual behavior
117
Photoheterotrophic
Organisms that use light for energy,
| NOT use CO2 as site of carbon source
118
Photoautotrophic
Organisms typically obtain energy from sunlight for use in cellular function
119
Chemoautorophic
Organisms deriving energy by ingesting building blocks that are incapable of creating its own
120
Chemoautorophic
Capable of synthesizing cell contents from co 2 by means of energy derived from organic reaction
121
Evaporation
Type of vaporization of a liquid that occurs from surface of liquid ->gas
122
Condensation
Change of physical state of matter from gas phase into a liquid phase
123
Vaporization
Transition of matter from a solid or liquid phase into gas
| Ex: h2o boiling into steam
124
Sublimation
Transformed directly from solid ----> gas or from gas ---> solid w/o becoming a liquid
125
Endothermic
Causing the absorption of heat
126
The total # of alleles for a gene In a cell during PROPHASE I of meiosis in a diploid organism is
4
127
Meschyme
Embryonic connective tissue in the mesoderm from which form the C.T. Of the body and the blood and lymphatic
128
Endoderm
Innermost of germ layers of embryo from epithelium of pharynx
129
Mesoderm
Middle germ layer of embryo between ectoderm and endoderm
130
Ectoderm
This layer becomes the epidermis as well as the brain and other organs of the nervous system
131
Cytonic T cell
Type of WBC that is key important to immune system
132
Macrophage cell
Histiocyte "big eater "
Found in lymph nodes
Engulfs /digest cellular debris & foreign substances
133
Helper T cell
Adaptive immune system
Release T cell cytokines
Help activity of the immune cells
134
B cell
Production of antibodies
| Gives humoral response to antigens
135
Lymph nodes
Small bean shaped
Provides nourishment for cells in the body
Removes/ filters debris & pathogens
136
Stomach
1st place in digestive system in which proteinase are produced
137
Small intestine
Absorbs most of nutrients we eat /drink
| Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
138
Lg intestine
Colon
Absorbs water from waste
Creates stool
