Practice test Flashcards
1
Q
According to Stemberg’s triangular theory of live, the combination of intimacy and passion results in
A
romantic love
2
Q
Those who are dissatisfied with ____ love often engage in extra-relational affairs to maintain the passion in
A
companionate
3
Q
Lisa feels unworthy of love and needs approval from others. She fears that her boyfriend does not really love her. Her attachment style is
A
anxious/ambivalent
4
Q
According to attachment theory
A
all important love relationships are attachments
5
Q
The hookup culture is believed to
A
make relationship building more difficult
6
Q
Unrequited love is most likely to be experienced by people with _____ attachment style
A
secure
7
Q
Jealousy
A
is a yardstick for measuring insecurity or possessiveness
8
Q
Managing jealousy requires which of the following
A
the recognition by each partner of the feelings and motivation of the other
9
Q
Our commitment to a relationship will remain high as long as we
A
judge the relationship to be successful
10
Q
Maddie is very jealous even though there is no reason to believe her boyfriend is unfaithful. Maddie is experiencing which type of jealousy.
A
suspicious
11
Q
Kate decided to leave her husband because she believed she was putting much more into the relationship than she was getting out o fit. Kate’s decision to leave was affected by
A
the balance of costs and benefits
12
Q
Based on the feminization of love, we would expect that:
A
men’s expressions of love would be undervalued
13
Q
Bridget is very attractive. Therefore, others assume she is also intelligent and kind. This phenomenon is referred to as:
A
the halo effect
14
Q
The largest group of singles in the United States are those who are
A
never married
15
Q
The increase in the number of single adults in the United States is due to all EXCEPT which one of the following?
A
more conservative sexual and social standards
16
Q
Contemporary relationships among the unmarried are characterized by which of the following?
A
partners tend to be economically dependent on one another
17
Q
Ben wants to get married, but not yet. He is busy now with school and still likes to “have a good time.” Ben would be characterized as which type of single?
A
voluntarily and temporarily unmarried
18
Q
Between 1960 and 2008, rates of cohabitation in the United States
A
rose steadily
19
Q
Cohabitation is
A
more likely among those with less education
20
Q
Linda and Bill are very committed to one another and live together, but have no intentions of marrying. They like their relationship the way it is. This illustrates what type of cohabitation?
A
substitute for marriage
21
Q
Who is LEAST likely to expect cohabitation to lead to marriage?
A
women who live with partners of low socioeconomic status
22
Q
How does parenthood affect marriage?
A
it leads to a deterioration of marital functioning
23
Q
T/F Among unmarried adults in the United States, a majority have never been married
A
True
24
Q
The preferred marital arrangement world-wide is
A
polygamy
25
Our marriage system in the U.S. may best be described as
serial monogamy or modified polygamy
26
The family in which we grow up is known as the
family of orientation
27
Families are?
dynamic
28
Kate has not seen or heard from her mother since Hurricane Katrina hit the Louisiana town where there mother lived. She does not know for sure if her mother is dead or alive. Kate feels her mother's psychological presence even though she is not physically with her. Pauline Boss uses the term ____ to describe what Kate is feeling.
ambiguous loss
29
Exchange theory predicts that we will stay in an unhappy relationships when:
the costs of leaving are greater than the reward of leaving and/or the costs of staying
30
Conflict theory has been criticized for:
assuming that differences lead to conflict
31
A scientist wants to conduct research to determine which variable causes another variable. Which method should the scientist use?
experimental
32
Mistaken beliefs that everyone has the same experiences and values as oneself and therefore should think the same way one does are called
egocentric fallacies
33
In the hypothesis, "marital status influenced by race," marital status is the
dependent variable
34
The family over time has moved from being an economically productive unit to
a consuming, service-oriented unit
35
In the contemporary family, ____ have had great impact on reshaping the meaning and experiences of sexuality and parenthood
revolutions in contraception and biomedical technology
36
T/F Many researchers believe that both love and conflict are normal features of families
true
37
T/F Compared with what came both before and after, families in the 1950's were unusually stable
true
38
Every time Tammy tells her husband Michael that she wants to talk about their marriage, Michael either leaves the room or changes the subject. This type of marital communication is referred to as
demand-withdraw communication
39
Markham found that negativity or positivity of a couple's communication pattern had little impact on their marital satisfaction during the first year due to
honeymoon effect
40
The basic content of a message is expressed
verbally
41
One of the problems with nonverbal communication is
each person has a different "nonverbal language"
42
The term "sandwich generation" refers to
parents who are caring for dependent children and elderly parents simultaneously
43
The transformation of passionate love is often experienced as a _____.
crisis in the relationship
44
Perhaps the most important means of sustaining love is your _____. REF: p. 174
words and actions
45
Love that is not returned. REF: p. 164
Unrequited love
46
Infants who sense their mother's detachment and rejection when they desire close bodily contact develop a(n) _____ attachment style. REF: p. 163
avoidant
47
According to attachment theory, _____. REF: p. 162
all important love relationships are attachments
48
Reiss refers to the situation in which two people develop ways of acting and being that cannot be fulfilled alone as _____. REF: p. 155
mutual dependency
49
Intimate love is based upon _____. REF: p. 172
commitment, caring, and self-disclosure
50
Marriage between those with similar social or personal characteristics. REF: p. 144
Homogamy
51
Marital commitments may last longer than those of unmarried couples because _____. REF: p. 154
normative inputs tend to favor marriage
52
A key component of intimate love is _____. REF: p. 174
self-disclosure
53
Companionate love consists of _____. REF: p. 160
Commitment and intimacy
54
Marriages built on principals of equity, equality, and "deep friendship" between spouses. REF: p.148
Peer Marriage
55
Which of the following takes the longest to develop in a relationship? REF: p. 170
commitment
56
The transformation of passionate love is often experienced as a crisis in a relationship. REF: p. 171
True
57
Diane and Jim are married to each other and live together with their two biological children. This group meets the definition of
a nuclear family
58
```
Ray and Debra are a middle-class couple with three children. Ray has a full-time job and supports the family financially. Debra
stays home and takes care of the children. Ray and Debra’s family meets the definition of
```
a traditional family
59
A marriage system that is quite rare throughout world cultures is
polyandry
60
Nassira lives in a tribe in Zambia in which men have multiple wives. This is called
polygyny.
61
According to Lasch, the family became a “haven in a heartless world” in response to
Industrialization.
62
Intimacy
strongly influences physical and mental health.
63
Economists have begun to reexamine the family as a
productive unit.
64
The shaping of individual behavior to conform to social or cultural norms is referred to as
socialization.
65
Lisa and Jim have married and had a child together. This family they have created is, for Lisa and Jim, a
family of procreation
66
The status we are given in society is largely acquired through our
families.
67
The _____ system is the social organization of the family.
kinship
68
Sue is Kay’s mother-in-law. Their relationship is
conjugal
69
Mintz and Kellog suggest that _____ has been the norm in American family life from Colonial days to the present.
change, not stability
70
To study family patterns and issues, we need to understand that our attitudes and beliefs about families may affect and distort our efforts.
True
71
Emotional closeness may be more important than biology or law in defining family.
true
72
Consanguineous relationships include those of grandparents and grandchildren.
true
73
The ex-kin role has clearly defined rules in today’s society.
false
74
A group of two or more persons related by birth, marriage, or adoption and residing together in a household is called?
The definition of family used by the US Census Bureau
75
"What you are saying is that you feel bad when you don't acknowledge my feelings" is an example of _____. REF: p.204
paraphrasing
76
What activity prior to marriage will relate to marital satisfaction later? REF: p.186
Self-disclosure
77
A families patterned or characteristic response to events, situations, or persons (passing food at the table). REF: p. 182
Hierarchy of Rules
78
T/F? decision-making in the happiest marriages is based on power
False
79
Traditional male gender roles _____. REF: p.185
inhibit communication
80
The most common complaint of married partners is, "_____." REF: p. 180
We don't communicate
81
Principal of least interest...means?
The person less interested in sustaining a relationship has the greater power. REF: p.199
82
Most people have learned to handle anger by _____. REF: P. 202
accepting it
83
According to _____, the person gaining the most from the relationship is the one who is most dependent. REF: p.198
relative love and need theory
84
Our emotional states are expressed through our _____. REF: p. 181
our bodies
85
When power is achieved through the belief that the other has greater knowledge, it is called _____. REF: p.198
expert power
86
When power is achieved through the fear that one partner will punish the other, it is called _____. REF: p.198
coercive power
87
In communication, messages produce a result. REF: p.194
Feedback
88
Telling others that we like them for who they are is _____. REF: p.196
mutual affirmation
89
What type of research begins with a topical interest and perhaps some vague concepts?
Inductive research
90
Symbolic interaction theory examines?
How people interact with each other
91
Research method that is used in most marriage and family studies?
The survey method.
92
Equity is a key component of what theory?
social exchange
93
What is an example of a value judgement and what is the keyword that is frequently used?
"Everyone SHOULD get married"
94
What is an opinion based on?
Our experiences and ways of thinking
95
What is a bias?
A strong opinion that may create barriers to hearing anything contrary to our opinion
96
What is a stereotype?
A set of overgeneralized beliefs about personal characteristics about a certain group of people
97
What is the Conflict Theory?
Sees society as divided, with everyone in competition with one another. Focuses on the inequalities of society and how they influence the family
98
What was the colonial's concept of children?
That they were perceived to be evil by nature and a small adult
99
What did the shift produce in the family in the 19th century?
New division of labor; men became the sole provider and bread winner
100
Marriages shifted to a focus in care and nurturing of children and
Focusing on the emotional support and well-being of adults
101
What two key factors did the African American family lack that gave white families more stability?
Autonomy and economic importance
102
How did gender roles change in the contemporary families?
They were more equal, due to the distribution of power
103
What is the feminization of power?
Fact that has resulted from high rates of divorce, increasing numbers of unarried women with children, and women's lack of economic resources
104
Through gender, how do we identify ourselves?
self concept, social expectation and social roles, multidimensional, and personal and political
105
What are the two assumptions in the gender theory?
1. That male-female relationships are characterized by power issues
2. That society is constructed in a way that males dominate females
106
What does gender theory focus on?
1. How specific roles or behaviors are defined as male or female
2. How labor is divided between man and woman in both the household and workplace
3. How different institutions place advantages on men
107
What are the three factors of gender development in adulthood?
college, marriage and parenthood and the workplace
108
androgynous?
expressing a wide range of attitudes and behaviors with no gender role differentiation. androgyny is the combination of both culturally defined feminine and masculine traits in an individual.
109
expressive traits?
personality traits that encourage nurturing, emotionality, sensitivity, and warmth
110
Hawthorne effect?
the distortion of research results that occurs when people modify their behaviors, either deliberately or subconsciously, because they are aware they are being studied
111
homogamy
the attraction of people who are alike in terms of various social and demographic characteristics such as race, age, religious background, social class, and education
112
marriage squeeze
a condition in which one sex has a more limited pool of eligibles from which to choose than the other does. sociologists use the concept to describe the phenomenon of an excess of baby boom women who had reached marriageable age during the 1960s compared with marriage-aged men
113
romantic love
a deeply tender or highly intense set of feelings, emotions, and thoughts coupled with sexual passion and erotic expression directed by one person toward another.
114
rapport?
feeling at ease or relaxed with one another (Reiss, wtl)
115
self-revelation
disclosure of personal and intimate feelings (reiss, wtl)
116
processes of Reiss's Wheel Theory of Love?
1. rapport
2. self-revelation
3. mutual dependence
4. need fulfillment
117
binuclear family
children whose parents separate and divorce
118
Centrists are those that
share aspects of both conservative and liberal positions.
119
objectivity
to suspend the beliefs, biases, or prejudices we have about a subject until we understand what is being said.
120
Anonymity
no one, including the researcher, can connect particular responses to the individuals who provided them
121
stalking
obsessive rational intrusion
122
triangle theory of love
love is composed of intimacy, passion, and decision or commitment.
123
prototypes
models of what we mean by love
124
co-rumination
excessive disclosure or sharing of personal problems; focusing on negative feelings
125
Intimacy?
closeness between 2 people
126
When it comes to gender differences, our culture has taught us to
Exaggerate their degree and significance
127
Normative inputs
The values that you and your partner hold about love, relationships, marriage, and family.
