Practice test questions Flashcards
1
Q
The _______ nerve (a motor nerve) traverses the occipital triangle, a subdivision of the posterior triangle of the neck.
A
accessory
2
Q
The platysma muscle is innervated by the _______ branch of the _______ nerve.
A
cervical, facial
3
Q
The superior and inferior labial arteries are both direct branches of the _______ artery.
A
facial
4
Q
Abduction, depression and intorsion of the eye are all functions of the _______ muscle.
A
superior oblique
5
Q
Protrusion of the ______ is a function of the genioglossus muscle.
A
tongue
6
Q
_______ veins are located in the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain.
A
superficial cerebral
7
Q
The nerve of the pterygoid canal enters the _______ fossa by traversing the pterygoid canal.
A
pterygopalatine
8
Q
The greater petrosal nerve is the parasympathetic root of the _________ ganglion.
A
pterygopalatine
9
Q
The ______ reflex tests the sensory function of the glossopharyngeal nerve and the motor function of the vagus nerve.
A
gag
10
Q
The venous drainage of the scalp and the superior sagittal sinus are interconnected through a series of ________ veins.
A
emissary
11
Q
The __________ sinus is positioned along the attached margin of the tentorium cerebelli.
A
transverse
12
Q
The branches of the __________ artery are typically positioned medial to the pterion.
A
middle meningeal
13
Q
The _______ muscle enters the pharynx by passing between the superior and middle constrictor muscles.
A
stylopharyngeus
14
Q
The ___________ incisors are typically innervated by the anterior superior alveolar nerves.
A
upper (maxillary)
15
Q
The posterior division of the _______ and the posterior auricular vein are the two primary tributaries of the _______ .
A
retromandibular vein, external jugular vein
16
Q
As it emerges from the interpeduncular fossa, the _________ nerve typically passes between the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries.
A
oculomotor
17
Q
The meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve re-enters the skull by traversing the __________.
A
foramen spinosum
18
Q
The glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerves all exit the __________ fossa by traversing the __________ foramen.
A
posterior cranial fossa, jugular
19
Q
The prevertebral fascia of the neck is continuous with the _______ sheath of the upper extremity.
A
axillary
20
Q
The anterior longitudinal ligament of the spine may be torn during a severe ________ (movement) of the neck.
A
hyperextension
21
Q
The _________ nerve traverses the cavernous sinus adjacent (directly lateral) to the __________ artery.
A
abducens, internal carotid
22
Q
The hypoglossal nerve emerges from the __________ between the pyramid and the __________.
A
medulla, olive
23
Q
The __________ veins interconnect the venous drainage of the face and orbit with the cavernous sinus.
A
opthalmic
24
Q
The __________, lacrimal and trochlear nerves all traverse the superior orbital fissure superior to the annular (common tendinous) ring.
A
frontal
25
The superior oblique muscle of the eye receives its sensory innervation from branches of the __________ nerve.
opthalmic
26
The inferior alveolar artery is typically a direct branch of the __________ artery.
maxillary
27
The __________ nerve, a sensory branch of the mandibular nerve, passes medial to the lateral pterygoid muscle and posterior to the neck of the mandible.
auriculotemporal
28
The stapedius muscle attaches in part to the ________ (ossicle) and is innervated by a branch of the facial nerve.
stapes
29
The submental branch of the ________ artery typically anastomoses (directly) with the _______ branch of the lingual artery.
facial, sublingual
30
The obliquus capitis inferior muscle attaches in part to the _______ of the atlas and functions in ipsilateral rotation of the head.
transverse process
31
The ________ reflex tests the parasympathetic motor function of the IIIrd cranial nerve.
pupillary
32
The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle is the only _________ (movement) of the vocal folds.
abductor
33
The mylohyoid muscle forms the floor of the _________ cavity.
oral
34
The __________ nerve provides sensory innervation to the molars of the lower jaw.
inferior alveolar
35
The upper compartment of the TMJ is classified (synovial) as a __________ joint.
gliding (plane)
36
The muscles of mastication are derived from the __________ pharyngeal (branchial) arch.
first (mandibular)
37
The carotid sheath surrounds the carotid artery, internal jugular vein and __________ nerve.
vagus
38
The subclavian vein typically passes directly anterior to the __________ muscle.
anterior scalene
39
The __________ muscle extends from vertebral body to vertebral body and functions in flexion of the neck.
longus colli
40
The ________ with its associated tympanic plexus is located in the medial wall of the middle ear.
promontory
41
The cell bodies of the postganglionic parasympathetic neurons innervating the
_______ gland are located in the otic ganglion.
parotid
42
The _______ reflex tests the sensory function of the Vth cranial nerve and the motor function of the VIIth cranial nerve
corneal (blink)
43
The __________ muscle functions to elevate the larynx and is innervated by a branch of ventral ramus C1.
thyrohyoid or geniohyoid
44
The __________ artery traverses the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae.
vertebral
45
The tectorial membrane is continuous with the __________ ligament of the vertebral column.
posterior longitudinal
46
The sphenoid sinus typically drains into the __________ of the nasal cavity.
sphenoethmoidal recess
47
The __________ nodes typically receive the direct lymphatic drainage of the skin overlying the superior attachment of the trapezius muscle.
occipital
48
The __________ muscle extends from the spinous process of the axis to the occipital bone and is innervated by a branch of dorsal ramus __________.
rectus capitis posterior major, C1
49
The ________ and the ramus of the mandible form the lateral boundary of the infratemporal fossa.
zygomatic arch
50
Proximal to the superior orbital fissure, the oculomotor and trochlear nerves are positioned in the lateral wall of the ________ sinus.
cavernous
51
The medial and lateral pterygoid muscles function during the side-to-side grinding motion of the _________.
mandible
52
The ________ lymph nodes are typically positioned adjacent to the internal jugular vein.
deep cervical
53
The ________ muscle receives its motor innervation from the temporal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve.
orbicularis oculi
54
The nasalis muscle actively contracts during ___________ of the nostrils.
flaring
55
The facial nerve is closely associated with the ____________ wall of the middle ear.
posterior
56
The temporalis, masseter and medial pterygoid muscles all function to ___________ (movement) the mandible.
elevate
57
The __________ membrane is continuous with the posterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column.
tectorial
58
The buccopharyngeal fascia is continuous with the __________ fascia of the neck.
pretracheal
59
The __________ nerve innervates all the muscles of the palate except for the tensor palatini.
vagus (pharyngeal branch)
60
The __________ and __________ communicate through the auditory tube.
nasal pharynx, middle ear
61
```
A facial artery pulse may be taken where this artery passes directly ________ to the body of the mandible.
A. Anterior
B. Posterior
C. Medial (deep)
D. Lateral (superficial)
```
D
62
```
After emerging from the parotid gland, the zygomatic, buccal and marginal mandibular branches of the facial nerve pass ________ to the masseter.
A. Anterior
B. Posterior
C. Medial (deep)
D. Lateral (superficial)
```
D
63
```
The parotid duct passes ________ and then anterior to the masseter.
A. Superior
B. Inferior
C. Medial (deep)
D. Lateral (superficial)
```
D
64
```
The phrenic nerve and ascending cervical artery are positioned directly _________ to the anterior scalene muscle.
A. Anterior
B. Posterior
C. Medial
D. Lateral
```
A
65
```
At the bifurcation of the common carotid artery, the external carotid artery is typically positioned _________ to the internal carotid artery.
A. Anterior
B. Posterior
C. Medial
D. Lateral
```
A
66
```
Near its origin, the facial artery passes __________ to the intermediate tendon of the digastric and the stylohyoid muscle.
A. Anterior
B. Posterior
C. Medial (deep)
D. Lateral (superficial)
```
C
67
```
The inferior thyroid artery passes ________ to the common carotid artery.
A. Anterior (superficial)
B. Posterior (deep)
C. Medial
D. Lateral
```
B
68
```
The subclavian artery passes directly ________ to the anterior scalene muscle.
A. Anterior (superficial)
B. Posterior (deep)
C. Medial
D. Lateral
```
B
69
```
The hyoid bone is positioned __________ to the thyroid cartilage.
A. Anterior
B. Posterior
C. Superior
D. Inferior
```
C
70
```
The thoracic duct passes __________ to the left brachiocephalic vein.
A. Anterior (superficial)
B. Posterior (deep)
C. Superior
D. Inferior
```
B
71
```
The cricoid cartilage is positioned _________ to the thyroid cartilage.
A. Anterior
B. Posterior
C. Superior
D. Inferior
```
D
72
```
The sternocleidomastoid muscle is positioned __________ to the carotid sheath.
A. Anterior
B. Posterior
C. Medial (deep)
D. Lateral (superficial)
```
D
73
```
The loop of the ansa cervicalis passes _________ to the carotid sheath.
A. Anterior
B. Posterior
C. Medial (deep)
D. Lateral (superficial)
```
D
74
```
The hypoglossal nerve passes _______ to the hyoglossus muscle and ________ to the mylohyoid muscle.
A. superficial superficial
B. superficial deep
C. deep superficial
D. deep deep
```
B
75
```
The left vagus nerve passes directly ________ to the left subclavian artery.
A. Anterior
B. Posterior
C. Superior
D. Inferior
```
A
76
```
The right vagus nerve passes directly ________ to the right subclavian artery.
A. Anterior
B. Posterior
C. Superior
D. Inferior
```
A
77
```
The left brachiocephalic vein passes ________ to both the left common carotid artery and the brachiocephalic artery.
A. Anterior
B. Posterior
C. Medial (deep)
D. Lateral (superficial)
```
A
78
```
The maxillary artery passes ________ to the neck of the mandible.
A. Anterior
B. Posterior
C. Medial (deep)
D. Lateral (superficial)
```
C
79
```
The medial pterygoid muscle is positioned __________ to the ramus of the mandible.
A. Anterior
B. Posterior
C. Medial (deep)
D. Lateral (superficial)
```
C
80
```
The temporalis muscle passes ________ to the zygomatic arch.
A. Anterior
B. Posterior
C. Medial (deep)
D. Lateral (superficial)
```
C
81
```
The retromandibular vein is positioned medial and _________ to the ramus of the mandible.
A. Anterior
B. Posterior
C. Superior
D. Inferior
```
B
82
```
The greater occipital nerve passes inferior and then ________ to the inferior oblique muscle before piercing the semispinalis muscle.
A. Anterior
B. Posterior
C. Medial
D. Lateral
```
B
83
```
The external jugular vein typically passes directly _______ to the SCM.
A. Anterior
B. Posterior
C. Medial (deep)
D. Lateral (superficial)
```
D
84
```
At the level of the cavernous sinus, the oculomotor, ophthalmic and trochlear nerves are positioned __________ to the internal carotid artery.
A. Anterior
B. Posterior
C. Medial
D. Lateral
```
D
85
```
The infraorbital nerve is positioned directly ___________ to the maxillary sinus.
A. Superior
B. Inferior
C. Medial
D. Lateral
```
A
86
```
The ethmoidal air cells are positioned ________ to the orbit.
A. Superior
B. Inferior
C. Medial
D. Lateral
```
C
87
```
The arytenoid cartilages are positioned directly __________ to the lamina of the cricoid cartilage.
A. Superior
B. Inferior
C. Anterior
D. Posterior
```
A
88
```
The tonsilar bed is positioned ________ to the palatoglossal fold (arch).
A. Superior
B. Inferior
C. Anterior
D. Posterior
```
D
89
```
The vocal fold is positioned __________ to the vestibular fold.
A. Superior
B. Inferior
C. Medial
D. Lateral
```
B
90
```
The tendon of the tensor veli palatini muscles passes __________ to the hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate.
A. Superior
B. Inferior
C. Anterior
D. Posterior
```
B
91
```
Near their origin, the lingual nerve is positioned directly _________ to the inferior alveolar nerve.
A. Anterior
B. Posterior
C. Medial
D. Lateral
```
A
92
```
The lingual nerve passes directly _________ to the alveolar bone housing the roots of the 3rd molar.
A. Anterior
B. Inferior
C. Medial
D. Lateral
```
C
93
```
The lingual nerve passes lateral, _________ and medial to the submandibular duct.
A. Anterior
B. Posterior
C. Superior
D. Inferior
```
D
94
```
The submandibular duct and sublingual gland are positioned ___________ to the mylohyoid muscle.
A. Anterior
B. Posterior
C. Superior
D. Inferior
```
C
95
```
Within the carotid sheath, the internal jugular vein is positioned directly ___________ to the common carotid artery.
A. Anterior
B. Posterior
C. Medial
D. Lateral
```
D
96
```
The common carotid artery is positioned directly __________ to the superior cervical ganglion.
A. Anterior
B. Posterior
C. Medial
D. Lateral
```
A
97
```
The first pharyngeal arch is also called the __________ arch.
A. maxillary
B. mandibular
C. hyoid
D. styloid
```
B
98
```
A portion of the neural tube is transiently divided into segments termed:
A. Somitomeres
B. Rhombomeres
C. Rhombencephalon
D. Somites
```
B
99
```
The facial nerve innervates the orbicularis oris muscle of the face, a derivative of the __________ pharyngeal arch.
A. 1st
B. 2nd
C. 3rd
D. 4th
```
B
100
Taste buds in the mucosa of the anterior 2/3 rds of the tongue are innervated by __________
A. the trigeminal nerve.
B. the trigeminal and facial nerves.
C. the facial nerve.
D. the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves.
C
101
Olfactory sensory neurons arise from:
A. nasal placodes located within the nasal pits
B. the most rostral portion of the central nervous system, i.e., the rostral forebrain
C. the frontonasal neural crest
D. all of the above
A
102
```
At 5 weeks gestation, the face is comprised of _____ facial primordial.
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
```
C
103
Embryonically, the primary palate gives rise to the hard palate, and the secondary palate gives rise to the soft palate.
A. True
B. False
B
104
```
Which branch(es) of the facial nerve is (are) responsible for eye closure?
A. Temporal branch
B. Zygomatic branch
C. Buccal branch
D. Mandibular branch
E. A and B
```
E
105
```
Which is not part of the middle ear?
A. Incus
B. Stapes
C. Round window
D. A, B and C
```
D
106
Cleft lip and palate result when there is a lack of closure of the palatal shelves.
A. True
B. False
B
107
```
Which nerve is responsible for tongue protrusion?
A. Spinal accessory
B. XII
C. IX
D. Vagus
```
B
108
```
The lateral cricoarytenoid is derived from the __________ .
A. 1st arch
B. 2nd arch
C. 3rd arch
D. 4th arch
```
D
109
```
The stylohyoid is derived from the __________ .
A. 1st arch
B. 2nd arch
C. 3rd arch
D. 4th arch
```
B
110
```
The tensor tympani is derived from the __________ .
A. 1st arch
B. 2nd arch
C. 3rd arch
D. 4th arch
```
A
111
```
The mylohyoid is derived from the __________ .
A. 1st arch
B. 2nd arch
C. 3rd arch
D. 4th arch
```
A
112
```
The glossopharyngeal nerve innervates structures derived from the __________ .
A. 1st arch
B. 2nd arch
C. 3rd arch
D. 4th arch
```
C
113
```
The vagus nerve innervates structures derived from the __________ .
A. 1st arch
B. 2nd arch
C. 3rd arch
D. 4th arch
```
D
114
```
The facial nerve innervates structures derived from the __________ .
A. 1st arch
B. 2nd arch
C. 3rd arch
D. 4th arch
```
B
115
```
The trigeminal nerve innervates structures derived from the __________ .
A. 1st arch
B. 2nd arch
C. 3rd arch
D. 4th arch
```
A
116
```
The auditory tube is derived from the __________ pharyngeal pouch.
A. 1st
B. 2nd
C. 3rd
D. 4th
```
A
117
```
The thymus is derived from the __________ pharyngeal pouch.
A. 1st
B. 2nd
C. 3rd
D. 4th
```
C
118
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Dorsal root C2
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
119
What are the functions of the axons present ?
| Ventral root C2
G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
120
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Dorsal ramus C2 (at its origin)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
121
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Ventral ramus C2 (immediately distal to the gray ramus)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
122
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Dorsal root C8
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
123
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Ventral root C8
G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
124
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Dorsal ramus C8 (at its origin)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
125
What are the functions of the axons present ?
ventral ramus C8 (immediately distal to the gray ramus)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
126
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Dorsal root T1
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
127
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Ventral root T1
A. Preganglionic sympathetic
| G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
128
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Dorsal ramus T1 (at its origin)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
129
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Ventral ramus T1 (immediately distal to the gray ramus)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
130
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Greater occipital nerve (at its origin)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
131
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Transverse cervical nerve (at its origin)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
| F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
132
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Inferior root of the ansa cervicalis (at its origin)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
133
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Phrenic nerve (at its origin)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
134
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Oculomotor nerve (at its origin from the brainstem)
C. Preganglionic parasympathetic
| G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
135
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Oculomotor nerve, superior ramus (at its origin to the ramus)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
136
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Oculomotor nerve, inferior ramus (at its origin to the ramus)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
C. Preganglionic parasympathetic
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
137
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Trochlear nerve (at its origin from the brainstem)
G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
138
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Trochlear nerve (as it enters the orbit from the SOF)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
139
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Trigeminal nerve (at its origin from the brainstem)
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
| G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
140
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Opthalmic nerve (as it enters the SOF)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
| F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
141
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Opthalmic, frontal nerve (at its origin)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
| F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
142
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Opthalmic, lacrimal nerve (at its origin)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
| F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
143
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Opthalmic, lacrimal nerve (as it enters the lacrimal gland)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
D. Postganglionic parasympathetic
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
144
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Opthalmic, nasociliary nerve (at its origin)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
| F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
145
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Opthalmic, short ciliary nerve (at its origin from the ciliary ganglion)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
D. Postganglionic parasympathetic
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
146
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Maxillary nerve (in foramen rotundum)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
| F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
147
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Maxillary, posterior superior nasal nerves (at their origin)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
D. Postganglionic parasympathetic
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
148
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Maxillary, greater palatine nerve (at its origin)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
D. Postganglionic parasympathetic
E. Taste
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
149
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Maxillary, lesser palatine nerve (at its origin)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
D. Postganglionic parasympathetic
E. Taste
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
150
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Maxillary, zygomatic nerve (as it enters the orbit)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
D. Postganglionic parasympathetic
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
151
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Maxillary, posterior superior alveolar nerve (at its origin)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
D. Postganglionic parasympathetic
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
152
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Maxillary, infraorbital nerve (as it enters the infraorbital groove)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
D. Postganglionic parasympathetic
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
153
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Mandibular nerve (in foramen ovale)
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
| G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
154
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Mandibular, meningeal branch (at its origin)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
| F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
155
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Mandibular, deep temporal nerve (at its origin)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
156
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Mandibular, nerve to the medial pterygoid (at its origin)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
157
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Mandibular, buccal branch (at its origin)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
| F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
158
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Mandibular, auriculotemporal nerve (at its origin)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
D. Postganglionic parasympathetic
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
159
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Mandibular, lingual nerve (at its origin)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
| F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
160
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Mandibular, lingual nerve (at the level of the mandibular foramen)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
D. Postganglionic parasympathetic
E. Taste
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
161
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Mandibular, inferior alveolar nerve (at its origin)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
162
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Mandibular, inferior alveolar nerve (in the mandibular foramen)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
| F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
163
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Abducens nerve (at its origin from the brainstem)
G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
164
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Abducens nerve (as it enters the orbit from the SOF)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
165
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Facial nerve (at its origin from the brainstem)
C. Preganglionic parasympathetic
E. Taste
G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
166
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Facial nerve (at the internal auditory meatus)
C. Preganglionic parasympathetic
E. Taste
G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
167
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Facial nerve, chorda tympani nerve (at its origin)
C. Preganglionic parasympathetic
| E. Taste
168
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Facial nerve, greater petrosal nerve (at its origin)
C. Preganglionic parasympathetic
| E. Taste
169
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Facial nerve, nerve of the pterygoid canal (as it exits the pterygoid canal)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
C. Preganglionic parasympathetic
E. Taste
170
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Facial nerve, temporal branch (at its origin)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
| G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
171
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Facial nerve, buccal branch (at its origin)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
| G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
172
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Glossopharyngeal nerve (at its origin from the brainstem)
C. Preganglionic parasympathetic
E. Taste
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
173
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Glossopharyngeal, tympanic nerve (at its origin)
C. Preganglionic parasympathetic
| F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
174
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Glossopharyngeal, lingual nerve (at its origin)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
E. Taste
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
175
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Glossopharyngeal, N. to stylopharyngeus (at its origin)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
176
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Vagus nerve (at its origin from the brainstem)
C. Preganglionic parasympathetic
E. Taste
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
177
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Vagus, pharyngeal nerve (at its origin)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
178
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Vagus, internal laryngeal nerve (at its origin)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
C. Preganglionic parasympathetic
E. Taste
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
179
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Vagus, external laryngeal nerve (at its origin)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
180
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Vagus, left nerve (at the level of the 1st rib)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
C. Preganglionic parasympathetic
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
181
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Vagus, left recurrent laryngeal (at its origin)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
C. Preganglionic parasympathetic
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
182
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Accessory nerve (at its origin from the spinal cord)
G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
183
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Accessory nerve (as it enters the SCM)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
| G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
184
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Hypoglossal nerve (at its origin from the brainstem)
G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
185
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Hypoglossal nerve (as it passes lateral to the hyoglossus muscle)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
186
What are the functions of the axons present ?
Oculomotor nerve (as it enters the orbit from the SOF)
B. Postganglionic sympathetic
C. Preganglionic parasympathetic
F. Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)
G. Motor (skeletal muscle)
187
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Dorsal ramus C2 (at its origin)
DD- One or more of the muscles attaching to a cervical transverse process
188
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Ventral ramus C2 (immediately distal to the gray ramus)
L- All or a portion of the skin of the external ear
CC- One or more of the muscles attaching to the hyoid bone
DD- One or more of the muscles attaching to a cervical transverse process
189
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Dorsal ramus C8 (at its origin)
DD- One or more of the muscles attaching to a cervical transverse process
190
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Dorsal root T1
DD- One or more of the muscles attaching to a cervical transverse process
191
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Ventral root T1
- Superior cervical ganglion
| DD- One or more of the muscles attaching to a cervical transverse process
192
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Dorsal ramus T1 (at its origin)
DD- One or more of the muscles attaching to a cervical transverse process
193
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Greater occipital nerve (at its origin)
DD- One or more of the muscles attaching to a cervical transverse process
194
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Great auricular nerve (at its origin)
L- All or a portion of the skin of the external ear
195
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Ansa cervicalis
CC- One or more of the muscles attaching to the hyoid bone
196
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Oculomotor nerve (at its origin from the brainstem)
A- Ciliary ganglion
| V- One or more of the extraocular muscles
197
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Trochlear nerve (at its origin from the brainstem)
V- One or more of the extraocular muscles
198
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Trochlear nerve (as it enters the orbit from the SOF)
V- One or more of the extraocular muscles
199
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Trigeminal nerve (at its origin from the brainstem)
F- All or a portion of the skin of the forehead (superior to orbit)
G- All or a portion of the skin overlying the nose
H- All or a portion of the skin of the cheek
I- All or a portion of the skin of the upper lip
J- All or a portion of the skin of the lower lip
K- All or a portion of the skin overlying the chin
L- All or a portion of the skin of the external ear
M- Cornea
N- All or a portion of the mucosa of the nasal cavity
O- All or a portion of the mucosa of the oral cavity
P- All or a portion of the mucosa of the pharynx
S- One or more of the upper teeth
T- One or more of the lower teeth
V- One or more of the extraocular muscles
W- One or more of the muscles of mastication
X- One or more of the muscles of the middle ear
Y- One or more of the muscles of the palate
Z- One or more of the muscles of the pharynx
AA- One or more of the muscles of the tongue
CC- One or more of the muscles attaching to the hyoid bone
200
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Ophthalmic nerve (at it enters the SOF)
F- All or a portion of the skin of the forehead (superior to orbit)
G- All or a portion of the skin overlying the nose
M- Cornea
N- All or a portion of the mucosa of the nasal cavity
V- One or more of the extraocular muscles
201
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Ophthalmic, frontal nerve (at its origin)
F- All or a portion of the skin of the forehead (superior to orbit)
202
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Ophthalmic, lacrimal nerve (at its origin)
F- All or a portion of the skin of the forehead (superior to orbit)
203
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Ophthalmic, nasociliary nerve (at its origin)
G- All or a portion of the skin overlying the nose
M- Cornea
N- All or a portion of the mucosa of the nasal cavity
204
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Maxillary nerve (in foramen rotundum)
G- All or a portion of the skin overlying the nose
H- All or a portion of the skin of the cheek
I- All or a portion of the skin of the upper lip
N- All or a portion of the mucosa of the nasal cavity
O- All or a portion of the mucosa of the oral cavity
P- All or a portion of the mucosa of the pharynx
S- One or more of the upper teeth
205
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Maxillary, greater palatine nerve (at its origin)
N- All or a portion of the mucosa of the nasal cavity
| O- All or a portion of the mucosa of the oral cavity
206
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Maxillary, zygomatic nerve (as it enters the orbit)
H- All or a portion of the skin of the cheek
207
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Maxillary, infraorbital nerve (as it enters the infraorbital groove)
G- All or a portion of the skin overlying the nose
H- All or a portion of the skin of the cheek
I- All or a portion of the skin of the upper lip
O- All or a portion of the mucosa of the oral cavity
S- One or more of the upper teeth
208
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Mandibular nerve (in foramen ovale)
H- All or a portion of the skin of the cheek
J- All or a portion of the skin of the lower lip
K- All or a portion of the skin overlying the chin
L- All or a portion of the skin of the external ear
O- All or a portion of the mucosa of the oral cavity
T- One or more of the lower teeth
W- One or more of the muscles of mastication
X- One or more of the muscles of the middle ear
Y- One or more of the muscles of the palate
AA- One or more of the muscles of the tongue
CC- One or more of the muscles attaching to the hyoid bone
209
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Mandibular, nerve to the medial pterygoid (at its origin)
W- One or more of the muscles of mastication
X- One or more of the muscles of the middle ear
Y- One or more of the muscles of the palate
210
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Mandibular, auriculotemporal nerve (at its origin)
L- All or a portion of the skin of the external ear
211
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Mandibular, lingual nerve (at its origin)
O- All or a portion of the mucosa of the oral cavity
AA- One or more of the muscles of the tongue
CC- One or more of the muscles attaching to the hyoid bone
212
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Mandibular, inferior alveolar nerve (at its origin)
J- All or a portion of the skin of the lower lip
K- All or a portion of the skin overlying the chin
O- All or a portion of the mucosa of the oral cavity
T- One or more of the lower teeth
CC- One or more of the muscles attaching to the hyoid bone
213
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Abduvens nerve (at its origin from the brainstem)
V- One or more of the extraocular muscles
214
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Facial nerve (at its origin from the brainstem)
C- Submandibular ganglion
D- Pterygopalatine ganglion
O- All or a portion of the mucosa of the oral cavity
U- One or more of the muscles of facial expression
X- One or more of the muscles of the middle ear
CC- One or more of the muscles attaching to the hyoid bone
215
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Facial nerve, chorda tympani nerve (at its origin)
C- Submandibular ganglion
| O- All or a portion of the mucosa of the oral cavity
216
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Facial nerve, greater petrosal nerve (at its origin)
D- Pterygopalatine ganglion
| O- All or a portion of the mucosa of the oral cavity
217
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Facial nerve, buccal branch (at its origin)
U- One or more of the muscles of facial expression
218
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Glossopharyngeal nerve (at its origin from the brainstem)
B- Otic ganglion
P- All or a portion of the mucosa of the pharynx
R- All or a portion of the mucosa of the middle ear
Z- One or more of the muscles of the pharynx
219
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Glossopharyngeal, tympanic nerve (at its origin)
B- Otic ganglion
| R- All or a portion of the mucosa of the middle ear
220
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Glossopharyngeal, lingual nerve (at its origin)
P- All or a portion of the mucosa of the pharynx
221
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Vagus nerve (at its origin from the brainstem)
L- All or a portion of the skin of the external ear
P- All or a portion of the mucosa of the pharynx
Q- All or a portion of the mucosa of the larynx
Y- One or more of the muscles of the palate
Z- One or more of the muscles of the pharynx
BB- One or more of the muscles of the larynx
CC- One or more of the muscles attaching to the hyoid bone
222
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Vagus, internal laryngeal nerve (at its origin)
P- All or a portion of the mucosa of the pharynx
| Q- All or a portion of the mucosa of the larynx
223
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Vagus, left nerve (at the level of the 1st rib)
P- All or a portion of the mucosa of the pharynx
Q- All or a portion of the mucosa of the larynx
Z- One or more of the muscles of the pharynx
BB- One or more of the muscles of the larynx
224
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Vagus, left recurrent laryngeal (at its origin)
P- All or a portion of the mucosa of the pharynx
Q- All or a portion of the mucosa of the larynx
Z- One or more of the muscles of the pharynx
BB- One or more of the muscles of the larynx
225
What are the distal sites of innervation ?
Hypoglossal nerve (at its origin from the brainstem)
AA- One or more of the muscles of the tongue
| CC- One or more of the muscles attaching to the hyoid bone
226
The accessory nerve traverses the ________, a subdivision of the posterior triangle of the neck.
occipital triangle
227
The accessory nerve traverses the occipital triangle, a subdivision of the ___________.
posterior triangle of the neck
228
The ________ is innervated by the cervical branch of the facial nerve.
platysma muscle
229
The __________ arteries are both direct branches of the facial artery.
superior and inferior labial
230
________, __________, and ________ of the eye are all functions of the superior oblique muscle.
Abduction, depression and intorsion
231
__________ of the tongue is a function of the genioglossus muscle.
Protrusion
232
Protrusion of the tongue is a function of the ___________.
genioglossus muscle
233
superficial cerebral veins are located in the _________ surrounding the brain.
subarachnoid space
234
The nerve of the __________ enters the pterygopalatine fossa by traversing the pterygoid canal.
pterygoid canal
235
The nerve of the pterygoid canal enters the pterygopalatine fossa by traversing the ____________.
pterygoid canal
236
The nerve of the pterygoid canal enters the pterygopalatine ___________ by traversing the pterygoid canal.
fossa
237
The ___________ is the parasympathetic root of the pterygopalatine ganglion.
greater petrosal nerve
238
The greater petrosal nerve is the ___________ root of the pterygopalatine ganglion.
parasympathetic
239
The gag reflex tests the _________ function of the glossopharyngeal nerve and the motor function of the vagus nerve.
sensory
240
The gag reflex tests the sensory function of the __________ nerve and the motor function of the vagus nerve.
glossopharyngeal
241
The gag reflex tests the sensory function of the glossopharyngeal nerve and the ________ function of the ________ nerve.
motor, vagus
242
The venous drainage of the scalp and the ____________ are interconnected through a series of emissary veins.
superior sagittal sinus
243
The venous drainage of the ________ and the superior sagittal sinus are interconnected through a series of emissary veins.
scalp
244
The transverse sinus is positioned along the attached margin of the ____________.
tentorium cerebelli
245
The branches of the middle meningeal artery are typically positioned ________ to the pterion.
medial
246
The branches of the middle meningeal artery are typically positioned medial to the ________.
pterion
247
The stylopharyngeus muscle enters the ________ by passing between the superior and middle constrictor muscles.
pharynx
248
The stylopharyngeus muscle enters the pharynx by passing between the ________ and ___________ muscles.
superior and middle constrictor muscles
249
The upper (maxillary) incisors are typically innervated by the _______________.
anterior superior alveolar nerves
250
The ________ division of the retromandibular (vein) and the posterior auricular vein are the two primary tributaries of the external jugular vein.
posterior
251
The posterior division of the retromandibular (vein) and the __________ are the two primary tributaries of the external jugular vein.
posterior auricular vein
252
As it emerges from the ___________, the oculomotor nerve typically passes between the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries.
interpeduncular fossa
253
As it emerges from the interpeduncular fossa, the oculomotor nerve typically passes between the __________ and _________ arteries.
posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries.
254
The _________ branch of the ________ nerve re-enters the skull by traversing the foramen spinosum.
meningeal, mandibular
255
The __________, ___________, and ___________ nerves all exit the posterior cranial fossa by traversing the jugular foramen.
glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerves
256
The _____________ of the neck is continuous with the axillary sheath of the upper extremity.
prevertebral fascia
257
The prevertebral fascia of the neck is continuous with the axillary sheath of the ____________.
upper extremity
258
The _______________ of the spine may be torn during a severe hyperextension (movement) of the neck.
anterior longitudinal ligament
259
The abducens nerve traverses the ____________ adjacent (directly lateral) to the internal carotid artery.
cavernous sinus
260
The abducens nerve traverses the cavernous sinus directly __________ to the internal carotid artery.
lateral
261
The __________ nerve emerges from the medulla between the pyramid and the olive
hypoglossal
262
The hypoglossal nerve emerges from the medulla between the ________ and the _________
pyramid, olive
263
The ophthalmic veins interconnect the venous drainage of the ________ and ________ with the cavernous sinus.
face, orbit
264
The ophthalmic veins interconnect the venous drainage of the face and orbit with the __________.
cavernous sinus
265
The __________, ___________, and _________ nerves all traverse the superior orbital fissure superior to the annular (common tendinous) ring.
frontal, lacrimal and trochlear
266
The frontal, lacrimal and trochlear nerves all traverse the ____________ superior to the annular (common tendinous) ring.
superior orbital fissure
267
The frontal, lacrimal and trochlear nerves all traverse the superior orbital fissure ___________ to the annular (common tendinous) ring.
superior
268
The frontal, lacrimal and trochlear nerves all traverse the superior orbital fissure superior to the _____________.
annular (common tendinous) ring
269
The ____________ muscle of the eye receives its sensory innervation from branches of the ophthalmic nerve.
superior oblique
270
The superior oblique muscle of the eye receives its ________ innervation from branches of the ophthalmic nerve.
sensory
271
The _______________ artery is typically a direct branch of the maxillary artery.
inferior alveolar
272
The auriculotemporal nerve, a ________ branch of the __________ nerve, passes medial to the lateral pterygoid muscle and posterior to the neck of the mandible.
sensory, mandibular
273
The auriculotemporal nerve, a sensory branch of the mandibular nerve, passes _______ to the lateral pterygoid muscle and _________ to the neck of the mandible.
medial, posterior
274
The auriculotemporal nerve, a sensory branch of the mandibular nerve, passes medial to the ___________ muscle and posterior to the ____________.
lateral pterygoid, neck of the mandible
275
The ____________ muscle attaches in part to the stapes (ossicle) and is innervated by a branch of the facial nerve.
stapedius
276
The stapedius muscle attaches in part to the stapes (ossicle) and is innervated by a branch of the _________ nerve.
facial
277
The __________ branch of the facial artery typically anastomoses (directly) with the sublingual branch of the lingual artery.
submental
278
The submental branch of the facial artery typically anastomoses (directly) with the sublingual branch of the __________ artery.
lingual
279
The ______________ muscle attaches in part to the transverse process of the atlas and functions in ipsilateral rotation of the head.
obliquus capitis inferior
280
The obliquus capitis inferior muscle attaches in part to the ____________ of the atlas and functions in ipsilateral rotation of the head.
transverse process
281
The obliquus capitis inferior muscle attaches in part to the transverse process of the _______ and functions in ipsilateral rotation of the head.
atlas
282
The obliquus capitis inferior muscle attaches in part to the transverse process of the atlas and functions in ____________ of the head.
ipsilateral rotation
283
The pupillary reflex tests the _________________ function of the IIIrd cranial nerve.
parasympathetic motor
284
The pupillary reflex tests the parasympathetic motor function of the _______ cranial nerve.
third
285
The _____________ muscle is the only abductor (movement) of the vocal folds.
posterior cricoarytenoid
286
The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle is the only abductor (movement) of the __________.
vocal folds
287
The __________ muscle forms the floor of the oral cavity.
mylohyoid
288
The mylohyoid muscle forms the ________ of the oral cavity.
floor
289
The inferior alveolar nerve provides ________ innervation to the ________ of the lower jaw.
sensory, molars
290
The inferior alveolar nerve provides sensory innervation to the ________________.
molars of the lower jaw
291
The _______ compartment of the _______ is classified (synovial) as a gliding (plane) joint.
upper, TMJ
292
The muscles of _____________ are derived from the first (mandibular) pharyngeal (branchial) arch.
mastication
293
The muscles of mastication are derived from the first (mandibular) _____________ arch.
pharyngeal (branchial)
294
The ____________ surrounds the carotid artery, internal jugular vein and vagus nerve.
carotid sheath
295
The carotid sheath surrounds the ________ artery, ____________ vein and ____________ nerve.
carotid, internal jugular, vagus
296
The __________ vein typically passes directly anterior to the anterior scalene muscle.
subclavian
297
The subclavian vein typically passes directly ________ to the anterior scalene muscle.
anterior
298
The longus colli muscle extends from _________ to ________ and functions in flexion of the neck.
vertebral body to vertebral body
299
The longus colli muscle extends from vertebral body to vertebral body and functions in ________ _____.
flexion of the neck
300
The promontory with its associated _____________ is located in the medial wall of the middle ear.
tympanic plexus
301
The promontory with its associated tympanic plexus is located in the _______ wall of the ________ ear.
medial, middle
302
The cell bodies of the __________________ neurons innervating the
parotid gland are located in the otic ganglion.
postganglionic, parasympathetic
303
The cell bodies of the postganglionic parasympathetic neurons innervating the
parotid gland are located in the _______ ganglion.
otic
304
The corneal (blink) reflex tests the ________ function of the Vth cranial nerve and the _______ function of the VIIth cranial nerve.
sensory, motor
305
The corneal (blink) reflex tests the sensory function of the _______ cranial nerve and the motor function of the _______ cranial nerve.
5th, 7th
306
The thyrohyoid or geniohyoid muscle functions to ___________ and is innervated by a branch of ventral ramus C1.
elevate the larynx
307
The thyrohyoid or geniohyoid muscle functions to elevate the larynx and is innervated by a branch of ______________.
ventral ramus C1
308
The vertebral artery traverses the _____________ of the _______ vertebrae.
transverse foramina, cervical
309
The ______________ is continuous with the posterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column.
tectorial membrane
310
The _____________ typically drains into the sphenoethmoidal recess of the nasal cavity.
sphenoid sinus
311
The sphenoid sinus typically drains into the sphenoethmoidal recess of the ___________.
nasal cavity
312
The occipital nodes typically receive the direct lymphatic drainage of the __________________________.
skin overlying the superior attachment of the trapezius muscle
313
The rectus capitis posterior major muscle extends from the _________ of the axis to the ________ and is innervated by a branch of dorsal ramus C1
spinous process, occipital bone
314
The zygomtic arch and the ____________ form the lateral boundary of the infratemporal fossa.
ramus of the mandible
315
The zygomtic arch and the ramus of the mandible form the _______ boundary of the ______________.
lateral, infratemporal fossa
316
Proximal to the ______________, the oculomotor and trochlear nerves are positioned in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus.
superior orbital fissure
317
Proximal to the superior orbital fissure, the _________ and _________ nerves are positioned in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus.
oculomotor, trochlear
318
__________ to the superior orbital fissure, the oculomotor and trochlear nerves are positioned in the ________ wall of the cavernous sinus.
proximal, lateral
319
The _______ and ___________ muscles function during the side-to-side grinding motion of the mandible.
medial and lateral pterygoid
320
The medial and lateral pterygoid muscles function during the ____________ motion of the mandible.
side-to-side grinding
321
The deep cervical lymph nodes are typically positioned adjacent to the ____________.
internal jugular vein
322
The orbicularis oculi muscle receives its ________ innervation from the temporal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve.
motor
323
The orbicularis oculi muscle receives its motor innervation from the ____________ and __________ branches of the facial nerve.
temporal and zygomatic
324
The orbicularis oculi muscle receives its motor innervation from the temporal and zygomatic branches of the _________ nerve.
facial
325
The _______ muscle actively contracts during flaring of the nostrils.
nasalis
326
The _______ nerve is closely associated with the posterior wall of the middle ear.
facial
327
The facial nerve is closely associated with the posterior wall of the _________.
middle ear
328
The __________, ___________, and __________ muscles all function to elevate (movement) the mandible.
temporalis, masseter and medial pterygoid
329
The temporalis, masseter and medial pterygoid muscles all function to elevate (movement) the ___________.
mandible
330
The tectorial membrane is continuous with the ________________ of the vertebral column.
posterior longitudinal ligament
331
The _____________ is continuous with the pretracheal fascia of the neck.
buccopharyngeal fascia
332
The vagus (pharyngeal branch) nerve innervates all the muscles of the palate except for the ________.
tensor palatini
333
The vagus (pharyngeal branch) nerve innervates all the muscles of the _______ except for the tensor palatini.
palate
334
The nasal pharynx and middle ear communicate through the ____________.
auditory tube
