Pre

Question 1

Guard cells

Answer 1

Control the opening and closing of stoma and when closed can prevent water loss

Question 2

Upper epidermis

Answer 2

Single layer of cells containing few or no chloroplasts

Question 3

Lower epidermis

Answer 3

Contains stomata cells that help prevent water loss and regulate the exchange of gases

Question 4

Phloem

Answer 4

Vessel in plants that transports sugars

Question 5

Spongey messophyll

Answer 5

Loosely packed plant leaf tissue with air spaces for gas exchange

Question 6

Stomata

Answer 6

Tiny pores that allow for gas exchange in the lead epidermis

Question 7

Palisade mesophyll

Answer 7

Contain the most chloroplasts to carry out most of photosynthesis

Question 8

Xylem

Answer 8

Narrow, dead tubes with lignin walls that transports water and minerals in plants

Question 9

Waxy cuticle

Answer 9

A waxy layer to reduce water loss

Question 10

Artery

Answer 10

Transports blood away from heart, carries blood rich in oxygen, walls are muscular

Question 11

Vein

Answer 11

Transports blood to the heart, carries blood low in oxygen, walls have little muscle

Question 12

Phagocytes

Answer 12

Ingest and digest pathogens

Question 13

Lymphocytes

Answer 13

Produces antibodies which specifically target pathogens

Question 14

Plasma

Answer 14

Plasma transports glucose, amino acids, salts, enzymes and hormones

Question 15

Aorta

Answer 15

The main artery which carries blood away from the heart

Question 16

Atria

Answer 16

Upper chambers of the heart that pass blood away from the heart

Question 17

Pulmonary artery

Answer 17

Artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

Question 18

Pulmonary vein

Answer 18

Vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

Question 19

Vena cava

Answer 19

Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood to the heart from the body

Question 20

Ventricles

Answer 20

Lower chambers of the heart that receive blood from the upper atria

Question 21

Water absorption location

Answer 21

Root hair —> xylem —> spongy mesophyll

Question 22

Water absorption

Answer 22

• water is absorbed by the root hair by osmosis
• water travels upwards in the xylem
• water travels to the stomata and evaporates out

Question 23

Mutation

Answer 23

A random change to genetic material

Question 24

Meristem

Answer 24

Site of mitosis in plants

Question 25

Variation

Answer 25

Difference in characteristics of members of the same species

Question 26

Blood glucose high

Answer 26

Pancreas releases insulin

Question 27

Blood glucose low

Answer 27

Pancreas releases glucagon

Question 28

Genetic engineering

Answer 28

- identify section of DNA that contains required gene from source chromosome - extract required gene - extract plasmid into the host bacterial cell to produce a genetically modified organism