Pre-anes Drugs(anticholinergics)

Question 1

Why we use preanesthetic drugs

Answer 1

Protect against features of anes drugs, or to augment anes drugs (meaning we can use less of the anes drug)

Question 2

Anticholinergics are also called

Answer 2

Parasympatholytics

Question 3

What cholinergic refers to

Answer 3

Acetylcholine

Question 4

Role of acetylcholine

Answer 4

Neurotransmitter for parasympathetic NS

Question 5

Diff between parasympathetic and sympathetic NS

Answer 5

Para: controls everyday functions, neurotransmitter=acetylcholine
Sympathetic: fight or flight
Neurotransmitter =epinephrine (adrenaline)

Question 6

What anticholinergics do within the body, the mechanism of action

Answer 6

Block ability of acetylcholine to bind to nerves, blocks Acetylcholine receptors

Question 7

When the parasympathetic NS is stimulated it produces ______ effects

Answer 7

Cholinergic effects

Question 8

Cholinergic effects: (when acetylcholine/ PS NS stimulated it causes...)
HR
GI Tract 
Bronchi 
Eyes
Salivary glands 
Tear production

Answer 8

HR: decrease 
GI tract: peristalsis stimulated 
Bronchi: normal size, constricted 
Eyes: pupils normal size, constricted 
Salivary glands: salivation increase 
Tear production: increase

Question 9

Cranial nerve X (10)

What it does

Answer 9

Vague nerve

Innervate (supplies nerves to) parasympathetic NS, controls heart, GI Tracy, Bronchi

Question 10

Things that unintentionally stimulate vagus nerve ( suppressed by using anticholinergic drugs)

Answer 10

Intubation, traction on organs during surgery

Question 11

How anticholinergics effect the: heart

Answer 11

Prevents bradycardia, May cause tachycardia

Question 12

How anticholinergics effect the:

GI tract

Answer 12

Decreases peristalsis and likelihood of V/D

Question 13

Why anticholinergics bad in larger animals

Answer 13

can Cause bloat in cattle or colic in horses

Question 14

How anticholinergics effect the:

Bronchi

Answer 14

Dilates, assists w respiration

Question 15

How anticholinergics effect the:

Eyes

Answer 15

Pupils dilate (mydriasis) good for eye exams

Question 16

How anticholinergics effect the:

Saltatory glands

Answer 16

Decrease salvation (v evident in cats, dry mouths)

Question 17

How anticholinergics effect the:

Tear ducts

Answer 17

Decreased tear production

Question 18

Which of the following do anticholinergic drugs NOT do:

Tranquilize, provide analgesia, anesthetize

Answer 18

All of the above

Question 19

Define ileus

Answer 19

GI tract stasis (slow or stoppage)

Question 20

What HR range is considered tachycardic in dogs and cats

Answer 20

Dogs: >140-160
Cats: >180-200

Question 21

Contraindications (when to not use anticholinergic drugs)

Answer 21

Large animals, use caution in cats Bc unpredictable, tachycardic animals, heart patients, constipated animals

Question 22

Full name of Atropine drug

Answer 22

Atropine sulfate

Question 23

Atropine is extracted from what plant?

Answer 23

Nightshade plant ( Atropa belladonna)

Question 24

2 strengths atropine comes in

Answer 24

.54 mg/ml or 1mg/ml

Question 25

Atropine duration

Answer 25

1-1.5 hours

Question 26

Signs of an atropine overdose

Answer 26

Excitement, v dry mouth, thirst, extreme or extended mydriasis, tachycardia

Question 27

Reversing agent for atropine

Answer 27

Physostigmine

Question 28

Why we can use atropine to treat organophosphate poisoning

Answer 28

O phosphates inhibit the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine (acetylcholinesterase) therefore, the acetylcholine that isn’t being broken down can be blocked from receptors

Question 29

atropine can also be used as an Antispasmodic medication, meaning

Answer 29

drug that Controls diarrhea

Question 30

atropine can also be used as a Mydriatic drug, meaning

Answer 30

Dilates pupils

Question 31

Glycopyrrolate lasts ____ as long as atropine, how long?

Answer 31

Twice (2-3 h)

Question 32

Why glycopyrronium is used for rabbits and not atropine

Answer 32

Some rabbits produce atropinase (enzyme that breaks down atropine), atropine doesn’t effect them

Question 33

Motion sickness anticholinergic drug (human med)

Answer 33

Scopolamine

Question 34

Normal HR for dogs and cats

Answer 34

Dogs: 60-160 bpm (puppies up to 220) Cats: 100-200 bpm