Pre-Final Flashcards
(81 cards)
1
Q
Characteristics of a Process
A
- It can be started from the GUI or the command line.
- It can start another process.
- It can only be created by another process.
2
Q
Commands Used in Viewing and Controlling Processes
A
ps
top
jobs
bg
fg
3
Q
It reports a snapshot of current processes.
A
ps
4
Q
It displays tasks
A
top
5
Q
Lists active jobs
A
jobs
6
Q
It places a job in the background.
A
bg
7
Q
This places a job in the foreground.
A
fg
8
Q
Process state meaning of “R”
A
Running (R)
9
Q
Process is not running; it is waiting for an event.
A
Sleeping (S)
10
Q
Process is waiting for I/O such as a disk drive
A
Uninterruptable sleep (D)
11
Q
Traced or stopped
A
T
12
Q
A defunct or “zombie” process
This is a child process that has been terminated, but has not been cleaned up by its parent
A
Z
13
Q
A high priority process
A
<
14
Q
A low priority process
A
N
15
Q
Has pages locked into memory. This is for real-time and custom I/O.
A
L
16
Q
A session leader
A
s
17
Q
Multi-threaded
A
l
18
Q
In the foreground process group
A
+
19
Q
User ID. This is the owner of the process.
A
USER
20
Q
CPU usage in percent
A
%CPU
21
Q
Memory usage in percent
A
%MEM
22
Q
Virtual Memory Size
A
VSZ
23
Q
This is the amount of physical memory (in kilobytes) the process is using
A
Resident Set Size (RSS)
24
Q
This is the time when the process has started.
A
START
25
It is the amount of time since the machine was last booted
Uptime
26
Refers to the number of processes that are waiting to run
Load average
27
Summary of the number of processes and their various process states
Task
28
Describes the activities that the CPU is performing
%Cpu(s)
29
The % of time the CPU is being used for user processes
us
30
The % of time the CPU is being used for system (kernel) processes
sy
31
Indicates the priority of a Linux process.
Niceness
32
The % of time the CPU has been idle
id
33
The % of time the CPU has been waiting for I/O
wa
34
The % of CPU time spent servicing hard interrupts
hi
35
The % of CPU time spent servicing soft interrupts
si
36
The % of CPU time stolen from the current vm by the hypervisor
st
37
The amount of RAM being used in kilobytes
KiB Mem
38
The amount of swap space (virtual memory) being used in kilobytes
KiB Swap
39
Process ID
PID
40
Username under which the process is running
USER
41
Priority for the process
It ranges from -20 for very important processes to 19 for unimportant processes.
PR
42
Niceness value
A negative value will increase the priority of the process and a positive value with
decrease the priority of the process
NI
43
Total amount of virtual memory used by the process
VIRT
44
Resident size in kb
It is the non-swapped physical memory that the process has used
RES
45
Shared memory size in kb
This is the amount of memory that could be allocated to other processes.
SHR
46
Process status
S
47
Cumulative CPU time the process and children of the process have used
TIME+
48
Name of the process or path to the command used to start the process
COMMAND
49
To interrupt a process
CTRL + C
50
collection of computers and computing resources connected together to facilitate
communication
Computer Network
51
What do you need to establish network access?
Have a network interface that connects to your network access point
Run your network services
Have access to a network-broadcast device
52
broadcasts the message it receives to all devices on the subnet where it operates
Hub
53
broadcasts the message it receives to a single device on the subnetwork using a MAC address for addressing.
Switch
54
examines a message’s destination IP address and routes the message onto the proper network or subnetwork as the next link in the chain of the communication.
Router
55
connects local area networks of different types together
Gateway
56
Responsible for placing TCP/IP packets on
the network medium
Network Interface Layer
57
Responsible for addressing, packaging, and routing functions
Internet Layer
58
4 core protocols of internet layer
Internet Protocol (IP)
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)
59
responsible for IP addressing, routing, and the fragmentation and reassembly of packets
Internet Protocol (IP)
60
responsible for the resolution of the Internet
layer
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
61
responsible for providing diagnostic
functions and reporting errors
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
62
responsible for the management of
IP multicast groups.
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)
63
responsible for providing the Application layer with session and datagram communication services
Transport Layer
64
What are the core protocols of transport layer?
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
65
responsible for establishment of a TCP
connection, the sequencing and acknowledging of packets sent, and the recovery of
packets lost during transmission.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
66
Used when the amount of data to be transferred is
small, when the overhead of establishing a TCP connection is not desired, or when the applications or upper layer protocols provide reliable delivery
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
67
allows applications to access the services of the other layers and defines the protocols that applications use to exchange data
Application Layer
68
Is used to transfer files that make up the web pages of the World Wide Web.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
69
is used for interactive file transfer
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
70
is used for the transfer of mail messages and
attachments
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
71
a terminal emulation protocol used for logging on remotely to network hosts
Telnet
72
is used to resolve a host name to an IP address
Domain Name System (DNS)
73
is used by routers to exchange routing
information on an IP internetwork
Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
74
Used to collect and exchange network management information between a network management console and network devices
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
75
Sends a special network packet called an ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
Ping
76
prints the route packets trace to a network host
Traceroute/Tracepath
77
Shows/manipulates routing, devices, policy routing, and tunnels
ip
78
prints network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections,
and multicast memberships
netstat
79
Internet file transfer program
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
80
Non-interactive network downloader
wget
81
OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program)
ssh
