Prelims Flashcards by Fender Legaspi

is the sum of all programs which are required to operate a computer. It is also
used to control and monitor application programs

Operating System

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it is mainly used for scientific-technical applications on mainframes and workstations but
has also become perfectly suited for application in networks.

UNIX

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is a family of UNIX-like open-source operating system developed by Linus Torvalds

Linux

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What is the main component of a Linux
OS?

Linux Kernel

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is a collection of software on top
of a Linux kernel. It can bundle server software, system management tools, documentation, and many desktop applications in a central, secure software repository.

Linux Distribution (Distro)

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interfaces to the operating system, the kernel of the host. It provides the necessary instruction
and operation that an operating system may process.

Shell

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graphical representation in which the users can interact with software or devices through graphical icons

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

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was once the most popular Linux desktop environment and was used by default on Ubuntu,
Fedora, Debian, and most other big Linux distributions.

GNOME

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It’s a bit more Windows-like than the other desktop environments here, coming with a single taskbar on the bottom of the screen that includes a menu, quick launch-type icons, a taskbar, a notification area, and a clock — the typical layout of a Windows taskbar

KDE

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is a more lightweight desktop environment, very similar to GNOME. This option is ideal if you
want a more traditional desktop environment without full-screen application launchers, overdone graphical effects, and desktop widgets

Xfce

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developed for Linux Mint in which it is based on GNOME. It uses up-to-date libraries
and other software — but it takes that software and tries to create a more traditional-looking
desktop with it.

Cinnamon

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displays user manual of any
command on the terminal

man

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determines the type of a file.

file

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displays short descriptions of
program

whatis

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locates files and pages of a
command

whereis

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displays the current user

whoami

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displays the list of files and directory

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displays the contents of the
working directory recursively
showing sub-directories and
files, and a summary of the total
number of sub-directories and
files

tree

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displays parent working directory

pwd

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changes the current directory

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creates directory

mkdir

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removes directory

rmdir

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copies a file to a specified location

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moves a file to a specified
location

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removes a file

contains data, text, or program instructions

Ordinary File

store both special and ordinary files

Directories

is the one from which all other directories branch off from.

/(root directory)

is the directory that contains binaries, that is, some of the applications and programs you can run.

/bin

contains files required for starting your system.

/boot

Contains device files. Many of these are generated at boot time or even on the fly.

/dev

is the dumping ground for system files administrators were not sure where else to put

/etc.

is where you will find your users’ personal directories.

/home

is where libraries live.

/lib

is often where the software you compile

/opt

are virtual directory in which it contains information about your computers, such as information about your CPU and the kernel your Linux system is running.

/proc /dev

it contains applications that only the superuser will need.

/sbin

where users’ home directories were originally kept back in the early days of UNIX. It contains a mish-mash of directories, which in turn contain applications, libraries, documentation, wallpapers, icons, and a long list of other stuff that needs to be shared by applications and services

/usr

Contains temporary files, usually placed there by applications that you are running

/tmp

was originally given its name because its contents were deemed variable in which it contains files to which the system writes data during the course of its operation.

/var

is a series of related instructions that tells the computer what task(s) to do and how to perform them

Software (a program)

consists of the programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices

System software

is a set of programs that coordinates all the activities among computer hardware devices

Operating system

allows a user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices, or its programs.

utility software

consists of programs designed to makes users more productive and/or assist them with personal tasks

application software

Factors to be Considered Before Installing Software

Necessity, requirement, support

Is a program used to install, update, upgrade, or remove software

Package manager

can install software from an RPM file.

(RPM) Red Hat Manager

is a front-end tool for rpm so that a user has a minimal amount to issue when trying to install RPM files

yum

is a command-line packager tool for Debian Linux

Advance Packaging Tool

The syntax for installing an rpm file is?

rpm [ option ] file(s)

Forces installation even if some of the files have already been installed

--force

Installs without any documentation

--excludedocs

Does not check for sufficient disk space in given partition before installing

--ignoresize

Performs installation even if the binary files do not match the host computer’s architecture

--ignoresearch

Installs documentation files (this is selected by default)

--includedocs

Does not verify signature so that errors/warnings do not arise from bad or missing signatures

--nosignature

Installs without performing dependency check

--nodeps

are software libraries required to complete the installation of a given piece of software.

Package dependencies

Enumerate yum instructions

Command Package Name Options

Checks to see if there are any upgrade available for installed software

check-update

Cleans up yum cache memory

clean

Attempts to downgrade a package from the current version to previous versions (if available)

downgrade

Applied on a list of packages

groupinstall groupupdate grouplist groupremove

Provides description and summary of the available package

info

Lists any package that provides a given feature or file

provides

Uninstalls and then installs the specified package again

reinstall

Lists available repositories

repolist

Lists packages that fulfill a given dependency

resolvedep

Searches all packages’ summaries for the given string for matches

Updates an installed package to the specified version

update-to

The primary program for software installation in Debian is called?

apt-get

Forces the installation of the package during the upgrade even if that particular package already exists

--replacepkgs

Forces the installation of files that already exist

--replacefiles

Downgrades from the currently installed package to a previous one

--oldpackage

Used to query the APT package cache, which consists of downloaded packages and portions of packages

apt-cache

used to examine a package to identify the specific files that are included

apt-file

used to ensure the integrity and authenticity of a package through digital signature checking

apt-secure

Performs updates on a group of packages based on a type

groupupdate

Same as update-to except that the obsoletes flag is set to true

upgrade-to

Same as update except that the obsoletes flag is set to true

upgrade

Prelims Flashcards

(81 cards)