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3152 > pre-IC2 Antibodies Vs T cell receptor > Flashcards

pre-IC2 Antibodies Vs T cell receptor Flashcards

1
Q

Cellular & humoural components of innate Vs adaptive immunity

A

Innate:
Cellular - phagocytes (macrophages, neutrophils), dendritic cells, NK cells & mast cells
Humoural - complement proteins & cytokines
Adaptive:
Cellular - B & T cells
Humoural - cytokines & antibodies

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2
Q

Structure of Ab
- Label heavy & light chains
- Label constant & variable regions

A

Check eL slide

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3
Q

Which region has CDR?

A

Fab region

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4
Q

Which region has CDR?

A

Fab region

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5
Q

How many CDRs per Ab?

A

3 CDRs found within each light and heavy chain of variable region of Fab -> total 12 CDRs found per Ab

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6
Q

Significance of CDR

A
  • Responsible for diversity of antigen specificities of Ab produced by mature B cells
  • For each Fab arm, aa within variable domain of both light & heavy chains are non-consecutively arranged to form 3 CDRs
  • CDRs bind to epitope of antigen
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7
Q

What forms a paratope?

A

1 Vh + 1 Vl -> 6 CDRs

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8
Q

Binding of Fab vs Fc regions of Ab?

A
  • Fab binds to antigen of pathogen
  • Fc region binds to effector cells e.g. neutrophils, NK cells & macrophages + complement proteins
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9
Q

Structure of TCR + label

A

Check eL slide

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10
Q

Significance of CD3 proteins

A

CD3 proteins facilitate signal transduction for T cell activation

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11
Q

What are the various CD3 proteins?

A

CD3e, CD3z, CD3s, CD3y

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12
Q

What does ITAM stand for?

A

Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif

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13
Q

How many ITAMs do each CD3 possess?

A

CD3e, CD3s & CD3y: 1 ITAM each
CD3z: 3 ITAMs

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14
Q

How many ITAMs per TCR complex?

A

CD3zz: 6 ITAMs; CD3ey: 2 ITAMs; CD3es: 2 ITAMs
10 ITAMs per TCR

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15
Q

How does ITAM lead to T cell activation?

A

When antigen binds to T cell receptor, tyrosine residues in ITAM gets phosphorylated (i.e. post-translational modification) → initiates a series of downstream T cell signalling events → T cell activation

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16
Q

What gives rise to TCR diversity?

A

Genetic recombination of DNA segments in genes encoding variable regions of alpha & beta chains → Va chain undergoes VJ recombination & Vb undergoes DJ, then VDJ recombination

17
Q

TCR vs Ab

A
  • TCR = half of Ab (one Fab arm) = 6 CDRs
  • Variable domains in both TCR & Fab domain of Ab are antigen-binding sites
18
Q

Where do T cells originate and travel to for development into T lymphocytes?

A

Originated from bone marrow, travel to thymus (primary lymphoid tissue)

19
Q

Where do T cells originate and travel to for development into T lymphocytes?

A

Originated from bone marrow, travel to thymus (primary lymphoid tissue)

20
Q

Where are T cells localised?

A

Secondary peripheral lymphoid tissue (lymph nodes, spleen)

21
Q

Effector vs Memory T cells

A

Effector T cells die after combating with pathogen while memory T cells do not

22
Q

Where did B cells originate, and where is it circulated?

A

Originated from bone marrow
Circulates through the blood & secondary peripheral lymphoid tissue

23
Q

How are different B cell clones formed?

A

Progenitor B cells rearrange Ig genes resulting in immature B cells possessing a different aa sequence in the variable regions of surface Ig

24
Q

What happens when B cells encounter pathogens?

A

Naive/ virgin B cells gets activated and becomes mature B cells which secrete IgM

25
Q

What other processes are B cells involved in?

A
  • Class switching: Genetic rearrangement of constant regions of Fc domain in IgM → Mature B cells now produce IgG
  • Gene rearrangement of variable regions of Fab domain of IgG genes → Each B cell clones ends up a different hypervariable CDR
26
Q

Antigen affinity vs Antibody specificity. What happens with low Ab specificity?

A
  • Antigen affinity: strength of intx btw antigen & paratope
  • Ab specificity: Goodness of fit btw antigen & paratope → Low Ab specificity: Ab binds to more than 1 epitope AKA cross-reactivity
27
Q

Affinity vs avidity

A
  • Affinity: Strength of intx btw paratope & antigen @ 1 antigenic site
  • Avidity: Strength with which Ab binds to its target (target has multiple antigenic sites)

3152 (18 decks)

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