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Pre-industrial (pre-1780) Flashcards

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1
Q

What socio-cultural factors influenced the characteristics of popular recreation
3 points

A

Widespread illiteracy
People living in the countryside
Limited communication + transport

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2
Q

Characteristics of working class recreation

A

Disorganised
Violent
Local
Basic rules
Occasional

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3
Q

real tennis basic facts

A

-More rules
-Structure built for the sport
-Exclusive for the upper class
-Very complex rules due to the upper class being literate

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4
Q

What was the aim of the wenlock Olympian games

A

The main aim was to set up to promote MORAL,PHYSICAL and INTELLECTUAL IMPROVEMENTS

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5
Q

Who was the founder of the wenlock Olympian games

A

Dr William penny Brooke’s

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6
Q

Class difference in popular recreation

Swimming and athletics

A

Swimming was skilful and taught compared to the lower class using it for health, wash and bathe

athletics was played skilfully much more in the wenlock olympics in 1850 unlike the lower class who did it in festival games and adapted to athletic activities

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7
Q

the influence of the urbanisation on life and sport 1800-1850 and 1850-1900

A

1800/1850-the effects were negative
1850/1900-positive effects started and days off were given for sport

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8
Q

first half of the 19th century effects of urbanisation-all negative

A

more factories
lack of leisure time
little spare income for leisure
poor health (conditions, pollution, hygiene)

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9
Q

second half of the 19th century effects of urbanisation-all positive

A

-health and hygiene improved
-higher wages and more time for sport
development of the new middle class
-the influence of ex public schoolboys
-values of athleticism spread to the lower class
-more transport and communication

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10
Q

why was there a decline in mob games

A

-the influence of ex public school boys
-no room due to the industrial revolution
-needed discipline/healthy workforce

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11
Q

1800-1850
HITFOR

A

poor Health and hygienne
lack of Income
lack of Time
Facility provision lacking
Overcrwoding and lack of space
loss of Rights for working hours

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12
Q

1850-1900
IIPB

A

Improved health and hygiene
increased wages
patronage and factories developing
better transport

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13
Q

characteristics of recreation for the working class
5

A

-wagering/gambling by the upper class
-occasional
-local
-aggressive
-basic rules

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14
Q

example of working class recreation

A

mob football- it was disorganised, violent and aggressive

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15
Q

characteristics of tennis (real tennis)
4

A

-more rules
-exclusive for upper class males
-expensive-> facilities and equipment
-very complex rules

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16
Q

information about athletics for the working class
3

A

-known as foot racing
-competition against each other with the gentry wagering on them
-the gentry acted as patrons (hosts) to the working class by setting up races and prize money for success

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17
Q

sporting activity can reflect the changes experienced within a society and how does it reflect pre industrial british society

A

the popular recreation mob football was cruel and violent and reflected the 18 century society also the wagering from the upper class to the lower class
-very simple due to the lack of literacy in the lower class hence the lack of rules

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18
Q

what is the feudal system

A

it was a way of structuring society around a relationship derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour

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19
Q

what is the wenlock olympian games

A

it’s the forerunner to the modern olympic games the 3 main aims were to promote moral, physical and intellectual improvements

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20
Q

class differences in popular recreation
upper for swimming athletics and football

A

upper-
swimming->used recreationally, learnt to swim + skilful
athletics->played skilfully mainly in the wenlock olympics in 1850
football-> did not play as was unruly

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21
Q

class differences in popular recreation
working class-> swimming, athletics and football

A

working-
swimming-> used for health, to wash and bathe
athletics-> took part in festival games
football-> played on festival days is very dangerous (mob football)

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22
Q

what is rational recreation

A

in the 19th century these were sport pastimes (clubs) for the lower classes which were designed by the middle class to be well ordered, organised and controlled

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23
Q

characteristics of ration recreation

A

-played regionally, nationally and internationally
-respectable
-regular
-rule based
-gambling controlled
-purpose built facilities

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24
Q

first half of the 19th century- negative effects of urbanisation

A

-migration of the lower classes into urban areas-> more factories and no room for mob games
-lack of leisure time-> 6 days a week
-lack of income-> little spair income for leisure
-poor health-> conditions, pollution and hygiene

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25
the influence of the urbanisation of life and sport 1800-1850 1850-1900
1800-1850- effect were negative 1850- 1900-positive effects started
26
second half of the 19th century- positive effects 5
-health and hygiene improved -development of the new middle class -increase in wages and more time for sport -the influence of ex public school boys -increase in transport and communication
27
why was there a decline in mob games 4
-influence of ex public school boys -no room due to the industrial revolution -needed disciplined/ healthy workforce -middle class encourages rational forms
28
the influence of the church 4
-provided facilities -churches wanted to encourage social control -good way of promotion for christian values -increase in church attendance
29
influence of the middle class
-development of rules/ comps -influences strong moral code-codes of amateurism -provided more leisure time -development of facilities
30
public provisions impact on rational recreation
-the development of public baths in urban and industrial areas pustules influences the working class -because of the poor living conditions diseases came so public provision/ washing facilities (wash houses)
31
32
development of NGBS impacts on rational recreation
-more tennis + clubs forming - sports were becoming more popular -more national + international fixtures are organised
33
what ways did ex-public school boys spread the sporting ethic across the British empire
-as teachers -factors owners -officers in the British army
34
what is an amateur
a person who plays for the love of the sport of it and receives no financial gain
35
what is a professional
a person who plays sport for a financial gain
36
amateurism values/views on playing sport
-manliness -appreciating the value of health and fitness -high moral integrity -appreciating the value of rule-regulated activity
37
characteristic of a ‘gentlemen amateur’ 5
-a respected member of society with a public school background -belonged to the social elite - played at a high moral code -played a range of sports using their national talents -participating as a character building expertise
38
positive impact and values of amateurism 3
-held a higher status than professionals -participation was more important than winning -amateurs were ‘elite performers’
39
what are the NGB
organisations responsible for each sport in the uk eg) FA
40
factors influencing woman sport 4
-stereotyping -discrimination -lack of sponsorship -lack of media coverage
41
factors leading to increased woman’s participation in football 5
-equal opportunities -role modes -sex discrimination act -more club-> local and professional -increased media coverage
42
development of tennis for woman 4
-upper class mainly played real tennis -lawn tennis-> middle class invention for suburban housing -woman were ‘allowed’ to play in isolation and suitable dessed -middle class established ‘private’ tennis clubs
43
how has tennis become a global leader in term of female sport 4
-superstars/large role models -equal pay for woman at grand slam events -similar media coverage to men’s -a successful and commercialised woman’s tour
44
development of woman athletics 2 good / 2 bad
-no NGB till 1922 -first olympics in 1928 -myths and discrimination dismissed -title IX 1972- prohibited gender discrimination
45
characteristics of commercial and professionals on sports
-high quality performers -sponsorship and business -entertainment industry - contracts -role models -wide media coverage
46
what effect has commercialisation had on professional performers 3
-receive higher incomes -controlled by the sponsor lack of privacy -paid for successful results, makes winning more important -> more pressure
47
discuss the effect of commercialisation on sport AO2 3
-rules and scoring systems have been changed to speed the game up to prevent boredom -competition formats have changed ( T20) -increased use of tech through the media-> VAR/hawkey and TMO
48
health and fitness benefits of raising participation 3 for individual, 2 for society
individual-> less weight, more self esteem and increased health and fitness society-> less strain on the NHS, less obesity
49
social benefits of raising participation 2 for individual and 2 for society
individual-> increased social skills, increased ability to develop friendships society-> increased community morale and community integration
50
crime benefits of training participation 1 for individual and society
individual-> more positive use of free time society-> decrease in crime statistics
51
employment benefits of raising participation
individual-> increase productivity at work, less absenteeism society-> workplace and employer benefit as less time of work so higher productivity rates
52
barriers to participation and solutions to it 3
-few role models to aspire to-> increase media coverage and promote role models -negative self image/lack of confidence-> provide more opportunities for success -lack of access in and around facilities-> provide transport
53
economic benefits of increasing participation 1 for individual and society
individual-> increase spending on health pursuits society-> more money put into economy because of leisure spend
54
examples of racism in sport
stacking-> the disproportionate concentration of ethnic minorities in certain position in a sports team channeling->ethnic minorities being pushed into certain sports and even certain position within a team based on assumption about them ( black people on the wing)
55
definition of society
an organised group of people associated for some specific purpose or with a shared common interest
56
what is social class
a division of society based on social and economic status
57
what is socialisation
a lifelong process whereby members if society learn its norms, values, ideas, practices and roles
58
what is gender socialisation
the act of of learning to conform to culturally defined gender roles through socialisation
59
what is primary socialisation
socialisation during teenage years of childhood which takes place within the immediate family
60
what is secondary socialisation
socialisation during teenage and adult years which takes place at school and work
61
what are social issues
problems that affect many people in society
62
what is social stratification
social inequality where society is divided into different level in the basis of characteristics such as wealth or status
63
what is internalisation
the learning of values or attitudes that are incorporated within yourself
64
what is social change
an alteration in the social order of society
65
what is inequality
the unfair situation where resources or opportunities are distributed unevenly within a society
66
what is prejudice
to form an unfavourable opinion of an individual, often based on inadequate facts
67
what is a stereotype
a standardised image making simple generalisations about all members of a group
68
what is a discrimination
the unfair treatment of a person or a minority group to make a distinction and act on a prejudice
69
what is stacking
the disproportionate concentration of ethnic minorities in certain sports or certain positions in sport
70
what is channelling
the process of pushing specific ethnic groups into certain sports, or even certain position within a sport
71
what is the golden triangle
it refers to the relationship between sport business and media
72
what is media
an organised means of communication by which large numbers of different people can be reached quickly
73
what is commercialism
the process of attempting to gain money from an activity eg sport
74
what is sponsorship
when a company pays to be publicly displayed or advertised
75
what is merchandising
the practice in which the brand or image from one product is used to sell another
76
what is social media
online apps and websites which allow users to interact by sharing content and taking part in social networking
77
what are the various institutions that exist within society and how they work together
-family is the basic unit -the others are education or gov -they work together ensuring socialisation into society to maintain order and social control
78
what are the social pressures that roma may encounter which may create restrictions in the participation in sport
-to look feminine -stereotypes -socially acceptable behaviour
79
how does social change occur
with strong influence from local council, gov and campaigns will help push change
80
give 3 examples of when success in sport has boosted a society’s sense of pride and identity
-england woman winning the euros in 2022 -england men winning the T20 cricket world cup -england winning the rugby world cup in 2003
81
what skills/values do children develop as a result of informal play with their friends and family
-the children would not of developed fully on how to share and be respectful -won’t be speaking politely
82
what values and attitudes do you need to internalise in order to function within the group
-sharing -respect -communication -teamwork -follow the rules
83
what is the social action theory
-a way of viewing socialisation emphasising social action -link between people and and their social independence
84
what is the interactionist approach
-it’s how a sport can develop relationships and social networks of people who share similar views or have similar social power/status -how sport allows people to interact
85
what are the causes of inequality in participation in sport MRMC
Money role models myths confidence
86
golden triangle relationship between media and sport- 3
created role models widespread visibility increase popularity of the sport
87
golden triangle relationship between sponsorship and sport 2
-financially support for teams therefore better facilities and coaches -build a better brands image
88
golden triangle relationship between media and sponsorship 3
-increased revenue and awareness - sponsors investment-> media coverage
89
why do companies invest in sport via sponsorship 4
-increased brand awareness and exposure eg on the kit -targeted market -international exposure -healthy image for product or service as associated with sport
90
the impact of media and social media on sport and performers 4 neg 3 pos
+ increased exposure and popularity sponsorship and funds promotion of event - pressure/ expectations privacy invasion cyber bullying commercialisation pressure
91
impact of society on sport 3
gender norms social class culture and religion influence

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