Preclinical cancer models Flashcards

1
Q

In vitro or in vivo, which is best for drugs screens?

A

in vitro

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2
Q

In vitro or in vivo, which is best for therapy studies?

A

In vivo

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3
Q

Types of murine cancer model?

A
  • synergic
  • chemically induced
  • viral induced
  • tissue transplant
  • GEMM
  • xenotransplant
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4
Q

What is a spnotanoues murine model good for studying?

A

viral etiology
vertical transmission
cloning modifier loci

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5
Q

What is a chemically induced murine model good for studying?

A

big in Japan, not a fan

germ line or acquired mutants

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6
Q

What is a tissue transplant murine model good for studying?

A
  • quick
  • transplant
  • confounded by irradiatio, integration site, in vitro selection.
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7
Q

What is a genetically engineered mice (GEM) model good for studying?

A

Tansgenic - tissue, time specific

Gene targeted - knock out/ on genes

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8
Q

What is a xenophobia graph?

A
  • immunodeficient mouse
  • insertion of cell line
  • patient derived use actual tumour cells
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9
Q

Pros of viral induced cancer murine model?

A
  • natural microenvironment
  • intact immune system
  • genetically homogenous
  • transferable and repeatable
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10
Q

Cons of viral induced cancer murine model?

A

Not human cancer
Not human pharmacokinetics
Colonies can be huge

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11
Q

Pros of GEM models?

A
  • natural microenvironment
  • intact immune system
  • genetically homogenous
  • transferable and repeatable
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12
Q

Cons of GEM models?

A

Not human cancer
Not human pharmacokinetics
Colonies can be huge
Difficulty with large number off animals

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13
Q

Pros of Xeno models?

A
  • Human cancer
  • Easy to generate large numbers
  • transferable and reproducible
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14
Q

Cons of Xeno models?

A
  • Evolution/selective in plastic
  • Foreign micro-enviorment
  • Lack or immune system
  • Not human pharmacokinetics
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15
Q

Pros of PDX models?

A
  • Human, primary cancer

- easy to generate large numbers

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16
Q

Cons of PDX models?

A
  • Expensive
  • Not easily transferable
  • lack of immune system
  • Foreign micro-environment
  • Not human pharmacokinetics
17
Q

In vitro alternatives to murine models?

A

Patient-derived tumour organoids and mammosphrers

18
Q

What is the best model for proving causation?

A

GEM (using CRISPR) as can start with primary cell. Cell lines are uncharacteristically abnormal.

19
Q

What is the best model for observing disease progression?

A

GEM/ Xenogrpah as they have normal microenvironment

20
Q

What is the best model for pre clinical therapeutics?

A

Spheroids, Organoids, GEMMs, Xeno-graph, PDX.

21
Q

What is the best model for Gene/ pathway discovery?

A

In vitreo essay, high though put, NGS.

22
Q

What is meant by a xenograph modal which is orthotic/ orthotropic?

A

Tumour placed into the site (of the mouse) where is arose from.

23
Q

What relationship does tumour growth follow?

A

Gompertzian

24
Q

How is labelling index defined?

A

proliferation marker stained cell / total cell count