Predation

Question 1

predator prey dynamics tend to

Answer 1

oscillate

Question 2

Oscillations might actually result in ____________

Answer 2

extinction

Question 3

Using the lotka volterra model for competition, Gause performed experiments with paramecium (prey) and didnium (predator) and found out that without refudes and immigration, ________ goes extinct

Answer 3

both predator and prey

Question 4

Gause found that with refuges, prey escape, causing ______ to go extinct

Answer 4

predators

Question 5

What was Huffaker’s experiment with oranges and orange mites about

Answer 5

he wanted to determine whether he could cause a pred prey cycle with oranges and rubber balls as the habitat

Question 6

What did Huffaker do to make it more challenging for the predators to track and eat their prey?

Answer 6

Shrunk the habitat on the orange for the mites and expanded the universe by increasing from 40 to 120 oranges

Question 7

Using the elaborate setup, Huffaker was able to graph what

Answer 7

the predator prey cycle and its oscillations

Question 8

What do swedish red foxes hunt primarily

Answer 8

voles

Question 9

what do swedish red foxes hunt secondarily if their primary prey are unavailable

Answer 9

hare and grouse

Question 10

what happened when the foxes were affected by mange

Answer 10

the vole population did not decrease, suggesting a bottom up control

Question 11

define bottom up control

Answer 11

unidirectional influence from lower to higher trophic levels (i.e driven by their diet rather than predation)

Question 12

In the fox and hare and grouse experiment, we saw the hare and grouse population increased, suggesting a

Answer 12

top down control

Question 13

define top down control

Answer 13

control from the higher trophic levels driven by predation rather than by their diet

Question 14

What is a numerical response

Answer 14

as prey population increases the predator increases its numbers via immigration or birth rate. This is the response of predators to increasing the numbers of prey

Question 15

what is a functional response?

Answer 15

rates of predation can increase when prey are more abundant

Question 16

What are the 4 major components of predation as per Holling?

Answer 16

search capture handling and digestion

Question 17

what are the 3 basic functional response curves?

Answer 17

Type 1 Filter feeder, Type 2 general invertebrate, and Type 3 learning predator

Question 18

Knowing that plants produce toxic or distasteful chemicals or spines or thornes, Erlich and Raven recognized that these things were likel

Answer 18

defensive

Question 19

What 3 assuptions did Ehrlich and Raven recognize in their coevolutionary theory?

Answer 19

1. Herbivore activity is harmful to most plants
2. Plants evolve defenses that are effective in deterring feeding by herbivores
3. Herbivore feeding activities, growth, reproduction and evolution have been guided by the ability of plants to defend themselves, both physically and chemically

Question 20

What are secondary compounds in plants?

Answer 20

Plants evolve this traits to make their tissues unpalatale or toxic to predators