Prefinal - Elimination: Fecal 1

Question 1

also called bowel movement, it is the act of eliminating solid or semisolid waste materials/ feces from the digestive tract.

Answer 1

Defecation

Question 2

Composition of feces

Answer 2

1. Water

2. Protein

3. Fat
4. Carbohydrate
5. Fiber

Question 3

___% - ___% of stools are water.
All the water drank by an individual is completely absorbed in the small and large intestine.

Answer 3

65-85%

Question 4

___% of all fat consumed is absorbed in the small intestine. Fats in excess of ___% in stool are abnormal. (Steatorrhea.)

Answer 4

95%

6%

Question 5

Simple and complex carbohydrates - sugar and starches in the diet. They are completely absorbed in the small intestine and assimilated in blood as ___, ___, and ___

Answer 5

glucose, fructose, or galactose.

Question 6

is completely indigestible and gives volume and bulk to stools.

Answer 6

5. Fiber
   .Fiber

Question 7

Color of Feces:

You ate greens OR it’s passing too fast

Answer 7

Super Green

Question 8

Color of Feces:

Okay!

Answer 8

A Little Green

Question 9

Color of Feces:

You ate Licorice, iron supplements or bismuth medication OR bleeding in the upper intestinal tract

Answer 9

Black

Question 10

Color of Feces:

Your Bile duct may be blocked

Answer 10

Pale, White, Clay-colored

Question 11

Color of Feces:

You ate red things OR hemorrhoids OR bleeding in the lower intestine

Answer 11

Red

Question 12

Color of Feces:

You’re Good!

Answer 12

Any Shade of Brown

Question 13

Color of Feces:

Too much fat, malabsorption, celiac disease on your diet



Answer 13

Yellow

Question 14

Normal shape:

Answer 14

Cylindrical, about 2.5 cm (1 inch) in diameter in adults

Question 15

Normal Consistency

Answer 15

Formed, soft, semisolid, moist

Question 16

Type 1

Answer 16

Separate hard lumps SEVERE CONSTIPATION

Question 17

Type 2

Answer 17

Lumpy and sausage-like MILD CONSTIPATION

Question 18

Type 3

Answer 18

A sausage shape with cracks in the surface NORMAL

Question 19

Type 4

Answer 19

Like a smooth, soft sausage or snake NORMAL

Question 20

Type 5

Answer 20

Soft blobs with clear-cut edges LACKING FIBRE

Question 21

Type 6

Answer 21

Mushy consistency with ragged edges MILD DIARRHEA

Question 22

Type 7

Answer 22

Liquid consistency with no solid pieces SEVERE DIARRHEA

Question 23

is a medical aid designed to classify faeces into seven groups. This chart is used by medical professionals, however it is a great tool for anyone wanting to monitor and improve their bowel movements

Answer 23

Bristol Stool Chart

Question 24

Normal amount:

Answer 24

Varies with diet (About 100 to 400 g per day)

Question 25

Normal odor:

Answer 25

Aromatic, affected by ingested food and the person's own bacterial flora

Question 26

Abnormal odor:

Answer 26

Pungent (sharply strong) Infection, blood

Question 27

Factors Affecting Bowel Elimination:

Answer 27

Age Diet Fluid Intake Emotional Stress Position Physical Activity Personal Habits Presence of discomfort or pain Pregnancy Medications

Question 28

As we age, this metabolism slows down, and this can cause food to move slowly through the colon. When things slow down, more water gets absorbed from food waste, which can cause constipation.

Answer 28

1. Age

Question 29

Fiber is essential in any diet because it adds bulk. It also makes it easier for feces to pass through the intestines.

Answer 29

2. Diet

Question 30

Increasing water intake can help a person have more regular bowel movements and reduce symptoms in elimination.

Answer 30

3. Fluid Intake

Question 31

Stress increases peristalsis resulting in diarrhea and abdominal distention.

Answer 31

4. Emotional Stress

Question 32

The best position for bowel elimination is squatting. This position encourages the pelvic floor to relax.

Answer 32

5. Position

Question 33

The higher the activity the lower the person will manifest constipation.

Answer 33

6. Physical Activity

Question 34

A person may be hesitant to move their bowel due to the presence of hemorrhoids or have undergone rectal surgeries or abdominal surgeries.

Answer 34

8. Presence of discomfort or pain

Question 35

The fetus is lying on the mother’s GI Tract which affects peristalsis by slowing the movement and constipation results.

Answer 35

9. Pregnancy

Question 36

Laxative overuse can decrease muscle tone and can cause LBM.

Answer 36

10. Medications

Question 37

Common Alterations in Bowel Elimination:

Answer 37

Constipation Fecal Impaction Flatulence Diarrhea Fecal Incontinence

Question 38

The best position for bowel elimination is ___. This position encourages the pelvic floor to relax.

Answer 38

squatting

Question 39

The best exercise for bowel movement is ___

Answer 39

ambulation

Question 40

is an elimination problem characterized by dry, hard stool that is difficult to pass. Various accompanying signs and symptoms include the following: o Complaints of abdominal fullness or bloating o Abdominal distention * Complaints of rectal fullness or pressure o Pain on defecation o Decreased frequency of bowel movements o Inability to pass stool o Changes in stool characteristics such as hard small stool

Answer 40

Constipation

Question 41

Four types of constipation:

Answer 41

Primary or simple Secondary Iatrogenic Pseudoconstipation

Question 42

results from lifestyle factors such as inactivity, inadequate intake of fiber, insufficient fluid intake, or ignoring the urge to defecate

Answer 42

Primary or simple constipation

Question 43

is a consequence of a pathologic disorder such as a partial bowel obstruction. It usually resolves when the primary cause is treated.

Answer 43

Secondary constipation

Question 44

occurs as a consequence of other medical treatments. For example, prolonged use of narcotic analgesia tends to cause constipation.

Answer 44

latrogenic constipation

Question 45

referred to as perceived constipation, is a term used when clients believe themselves to be constipated even though they are not.

Answer 45

Pseudoconstipation,

Question 46

Constipation for the Prevention & management of Constipation

Answer 46

* Adequate intake of diet & fluid * Adequate intake of fiber/roughage in diet * Establishing a habit pattern * Relaxation * Privacy * Posture * Exercise * Use of laxatives, suppositories & enemas

Question 47

Hardened stool that is stuck in the rectum or lower colon due to chronic constipation. It occurs in people who've been constipated for a long time.

Answer 47

2. FECAL IMPACTION

Question 48

Management for fecal impaction:

Answer 48

* Laxatives * Enema * Manual removal of stool (digital evacuation)

Question 49

otherwise known as the manual removal of stool

Answer 49

(digital evacuation)

Question 50

(excessive accumulation of intestinal gas) results from swallowing air while eating.

Answer 50

3. FLATULENCE

Question 51

is the urgent passage of watery stool and commonly is accompanied by abdominal cramping. Simple diarrhea usually begins suddenly and lasts for a short period.

Answer 51

4. DIARRHEA

Question 52

Usually, diarrhea is a means of eliminating an irritating substance such as ___

Answer 52

tainted food or intestinal pathogens.

Question 53

Diarrhea Management 

Answer 53

* Replacement of fluid & electrolyte * Avoid spicy & allergic food * Make arrangements for the use of a bedpan or commode * Care of skin * Adequate rest * Psychological support * Medication like antidiarrhoeal

Question 54

is the inability to control the elimination of stool. 

Answer 54

5. FECAL INCONTINENCE

Question 55

Manual Extraction (Digital Evacuation) ◇ If a person is thought to have a fecal impaction, the nurse will perform a digital examination. ◇ During the digital examination, a finger is inserted into the person's rectum to feel for the impacted mass (digital means "finger"). 

Question 56

is an introduction of fluid into the lower bowel through the rectum for cleansing or to introduce medication or nourishment 

Answer 56

Enema

Question 57

Purpose of Enema:

Answer 57

To stimulate defecation & treat constipation ex: a simple evacuant enema To administer medication ex: sedative enema To protect and soothe the mucus membrane of the intestine & to check diarrhoea ex: emollient enema To soften hard fecal matter ex: an oil enema To destroy intestinal parasites ex: anthelmintic enema To relieve the gaseous distention ex: carminative enema To administer the fluid and nutrients ex: nutritive enema To relieve inflammation ex: astringent enema To induce peristalsis ex: purgative enema To stimulate a person in shock and collapse ex: a stimulant enema To make diagnosis ex: barium enema To clean the bowels prior to x-rav studies, visualization of the bowel, surgery on the bowel, or delivery of a baby ex: saline enema * To establish regular bowel functions during a bowel training program To induce anesthesia ex: an anesthetic enema To reduce the temperature ex: cold enema or ice enema

Question 58

Classification of Enema:

Answer 58

Evacuant Enema Retained Enema