Pregnancy Flashcards
The pregnant woman secretes more than 30 different hormones throughout pregnancy.
Hormonal Secretion
Some of the hormones that have major effects on maternal physiology and/or nutrient metabolism.
*Progesterone
*Estrogen
*Human Chorionic Thyrotropin (HCT)
*Human Growth Hormone
*Thyroxin
*Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
*Insulin
*Aldosterone
How many percent does the Cardiac output increases by 32 weeks of pregnancy?
30% - 50%
How many percent does the Cardiac output declines by 40 weeks of pregnancy?
20% increase
Total blood volume increase during pregnancy
By 33% above non-pregnant level
How many kilocalories are added during the second and and third trimesters of pregnancy is recommended.
300 kcal/day
Increases by an average of 9g/day or 10g/day throughout the pregnancy to meet the needs of the developing maternal issues; support the growth of the fetus and the placenta; and protect the pregnancy course and outcome against risk and associated with low protein intakes.
Protein
Essential to the welfare of the epithelial tissues including the skin and the membranes that line gland less ducts and passages of the gastrointestinal, urinary and respiratory tracts.
Vitamin A
An extra of 10mg/day is recommended for the pregnant woman to maintain the integrity of fetal membranes and for tissue structure.
Vitamin C
The only nutrient for which the RDA during the pregnancy is more than twice than the non-pregnancy levels.
Folate
An additional of 25 ug/day is recommended so as not to compromise the development of the fetus.
Iodine
The additional requirement of this mineral is 41mg is higher than what can be provided by the usual diet.
Iron
Vitamins that are important during pregnancy particularly with the reference to energy intake and carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. Additional amounts of 0. 3 mg, 0.6mg and 3 NR/day are recommended during the second and third trimester.
Thiamin, Riboflavin, and Niacin
The recommended intake of this nutrient for the pregnant woman which is a total of 350 ug daily or an additional 200 ug/day is based on the folacins’s role in promoting fetal growth and erythrocyte maturation.
Folate
