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Nutrition > Pregnancy > Flashcards

Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

The development of a zygote int an embryo and then into a fetus in preparation for childbrith

A

Pregnancy

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2
Q

Earliest part of childhood. It is the period from birth through age one

A

Infancy

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3
Q

Occur during ages two and three and are the end of early childhood

A

Toddler years

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4
Q

Major stage of human life cycle that takes place from ages four to eight

A

Childhood

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5
Q

The period from ages nine to thirteen, which is the beginning of adolescence

A

Puberty

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6
Q

the stage that takes place between ages fourteen and eighteen

A

Older adolescence

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7
Q

The period from adolescence to the end of life and begins at age 19

A

Adulthood

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8
Q

The period of adulthood that stretches from age 31 to 50

A

Middle age

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9
Q

Extends from age 51 - end of life

A

Senior years , or old age

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10
Q

Pregnancy lasts about how many weeks?

A

40 weeks

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11
Q

how many weeks does 1st, 2nd, and third trimester has

A

1st - week 1 - 12
2nd - week 13 - 27
3rd - week 28 - birth

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12
Q

One of the mos notable and significant changes in pregnancy is?

A

Weight gain

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13
Q

Pregnant women of normal weight should gain between ___ and ___ pounds in total through the entire pregnancy

A

25 and 35

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14
Q

Poor weight gain, especially in the ___ trimester, could result not only in low birth weight, but also infant mortality and intellectual disabilities

A

Third

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15
Q

pregnant women with a prepregnancy BMI below 20 are at a higher risk of a preterm deliver and an ______ infant

A

Underweight

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16
Q

Pregnant women with a pre pregnancy BMI above 30 have an increased risk of the need for a ____ section during delivery

A

Cesarean

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17
Q

BMI and pregnancy

Prepregnancy BMI Weight category. RWgain

A

Below 18.5. Underweight. 28-40lbs
18.5-24.9. Normal 25-35lbs
25-29.9. Overweight. 15-25lbs
Above 30. Obese. 11-20lbs

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18
Q

During the first trimester, what is the energy req that a pregnant women should consume

A

1800 cal if sedentary lifestyle
2000 cal if moderately active
2200 cal if active

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19
Q

During the first trimester, what is the energy req for a pregnant woman to consume

A

1800cal if living in sedentary lifestyle
2000cal if moderately active
2200 if active

20
Q

As the pregnancy progresses, a women must increase her caloric intake due to increase in metabolism

A

Energy requirement

21
Q

How many additional calories should a pregnant woman consume per day during the second trimester and third?

A

2nd - additional 340 calories per day
3rd - additional 450 calories per day

22
Q

RDA of carbohydrates during pregnancy to duel fetal brain development

A

175 - 265 grams per day

23
Q

RDA of protein during pregnancy is?

A

71grams per day

24
Q

Fats should make up ___ to ___ % of daily calories

A

25-35%

25
Q

Ideally, a pregnant women should eat __ to __ of dietary fibers per day

A

25 - 30

26
Q

Insoluble fibers acts as a ___, which softens stools and speeds the elimination of waster material through the colon to avoid constipation

A

Natural laxative ( whole grains, fruits, vegetables, dried peas and beans )

27
Q

Soluble fiber helps to lower ___ and regulate ___

A

Blood-cholesterol levels
Regulate blood glucose

(Fruits, vegetables, beans, oats, barley, fiber filled whole grains)

28
Q

Pregnany women should drink ___ of liquid per day

A

2.3 liters of liquid per day

29
Q

Micronutrients involved with building the skeleton, to support fetal bone development

A

Vitamin D
Calcium
Phosphorus
Magnesium

30
Q

There is an increased need for what vitamins during pregnancy?

A

Vitamin B

31
Q

What vitamin

  1. Supports the mtabolism of amino acids
  2. Needed for the synthesis of RBC and DNA
A
  1. Vitamin B6
  2. Vitmain B12
32
Q

A mineral that is critical for the formation of thyroid hormones

A

Iodine

33
Q

Minerals that are closely associated with promoting oral health because of their effect on the development of fetal dentition

A

Iron and iodine

34
Q

_____ needs increase during pregnancy to 600mg per day to prevent neural tube defects

A

Folate

35
Q

Alcohol enters the unborn baby via the ___ and can slow fetal growth, damage the brain, or even result in miscarriage

A

Umbilical cord

36
Q

Pregnant women are 20x more likely to become infected with this disease, which is knows as ____

A

Listeriosis

37
Q

Primary teeth begins to form a ___ week of gestation age when cells in the fetal oral cavity begin to differentiate and form tooth buds

A

6 week

38
Q

Mineralization begins at ___ in utero, and central incisors have 83% of their enamel formed by the time of birth

A

4 months

39
Q

Deficiencies in these micronutrients have an effect on developing dentition

A

Vitamins A, C and D

Minerals - calcium, phosphorus, fluoride, iron and iodine

40
Q

Vitamin _ deficiency often accompanies protein-calorie malnutrition

A

A

41
Q

Vitamin _ deficiency that occurs during gestation results in decreased epithelial tissue development, tooth morphogenesis dysfunction and decreased odontoblast differentiation in fetal development

A

A

42
Q

Vitamin _ plays a role in the integrity of osteoblasts, fibroblasts, chondroblasts and odontoblasts

A

Vitamin C

43
Q

A vitamin that is necessary for synthesis of collagen, which contributes to the organic matrix for the deposition of calcium phosphate crystals that occurs during bone mineralization

A

Vitamin C

44
Q

Longterm deficiency of vitamin C leads to?

A

Scurvy

45
Q

A serious condition for a pregnant woman

A

Iron-deficiency anemia

46
Q

Deficiency that can cause mental retardation in a fetus, delayed tooth eruption and malocclusion

A

Iodine deficiency

47
Q

Increased the resistance of teeth to decay by increasing mineralization

A

Fluoride

Nutrition (4 decks)

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