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PUBH 101 > Pregnancy > Flashcards

Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

For the male testes to function properly, what is the temperature the scrotum must be at and for what reason

A

93.6° F, for normal sperm production and development; sperm cannot be produced at a temperature higher or lower

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2
Q

What is the first sign of female sexual maturation

A

Breast development

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3
Q

What is the first sign of male sexual maturation

A

Testicular and penis growth

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4
Q

5 female sexual health problems

A
  1. Vaginitis - inflammation of the vagina
  2. Vulvodynia – chronic and unexplained vulvar pain
  3. Endometriosis – growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus
  4. PID – infection of the uterus, oviducts, or ovaries
  5. Dyspareunia – painful intercourse
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5
Q

5 male sexual health problems

A
  1. Prostatitis – inflammation or infection of prostate gland
  2. Prostate cancer – second most common cancer in men
  3. Testicular cancer – rare cancer, occurring mostly in 20’s and 30’s
  4. Epididymitis – inflammation of the epididymis due to infection
  5. Testicular torsion – spermatic cord becomes twisted
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6
Q

How long does it take for the egg to travel through the fallopian
tubes and, if fertilized, what happens?

A

3-4 days, attaches to the lining of the uterus

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7
Q

When a fertilized egg is implanted, what hormone tells a woman that she is pregnant?

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

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8
Q

The uterus sinks about 2 inches and the baby settles into the pelvic region. What is this called?

A

Sinking

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9
Q

Quadruple marker screen (QMS)

A

Maternal blood test for hormone levels

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10
Q

Ultrasonography

A

High frequency sound waves to see physical disability

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11
Q

Amniocentesis

A

Amniotic fluid removal from the uterus

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12
Q

What is the main thing that happens during the 2nd stage of labor?

A

Delivery of the baby

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13
Q

What is the main thing that happens during the 3rd stage of labor?

A

Delivery of placenta

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14
Q

Reasons why a woman might have a cesarean section

A

Baby’s head too large
Baby in breach position
Mother has a serious health condition
Mother who is overweight or diabetic
Abnormal or difficult labor
Fetal distress
Dangerous infections, such as herpes

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15
Q

Gonads

A

Primary reproductive organs, developed at the 8th week of fetal life

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16
Q

What sex hormones do gonads produce?

A

Testosterone (male)
Estrogen & progesterone (female)

17
Q

Differentiation of the embryo

A

Determined by genetics, and influenced by the presence or absence of testosterone

18
Q

Female menstrual cycle

A
  1. Menses: days 1-5
  2. Estrogenic phase: days 6-13
  3. Ovulation phase: day 14
  4. Progestational phase: days 15-27
19
Q

Menopause

A

Ovaries gradually cease functioning, decreasing estrogen

*Physical symptoms: hot flashes, vaginal dryness, night sweats, insomnia, mood changes, bone loss
*Increased risk of diseases: heart disease, stroke, osteoporosis

20
Q

Sexual/physical stimulation

A

Arousal through the senses, especially touching

21
Q

Phases of sexual response cycle - 4 phases

A
  1. Excitement phase
  2. Plateau phase
  3. Orgasmic phase
  4. Resolution phase (relaxation)
22
Q

Treatment for sexual dysfunctions

A

Drug & behavioral therapy OR relaxation & massage techniques

23
Q

Preconception care

A

Healthcare in preparation for pregnancy. Should include assessment of health risks, promotion of healthy lifestyle behaviors, and any treatment needed to reduce risk

24
Q

Conception process & chromosomal count

A

Combining of 23 pairs of chromosomes (22 pairs match, 23rd pair determines sex)

25
Q

Ways of treating infertility

A
  1. Intrauterine insemination: artificial intrauterine insemination, sperm placed directly into vagina/uterus
  2. IVF (uterus), GIFT, ZIFT (tubes) all involve taking out woman’s egg
26
Q

Pregnancy stages/tests

A

13 week trimesters
Tests: human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) Hormone produced by implanted fertilized egg

27
Q

How much does blood volume increase by during pregnancy?

A

Increases 50%

28
Q

Importance of prenatal care involves:

A
  1. Checkups every month
  2. Blood tests for blood type and Rh factor
  3. Avoid drugs and environmental hazards
29
Q

Ectopic pregnancy

A

Fertilized egg implants and develops in fallopian tube

30
Q

What percent of mothers breast feed?

A

22%

31
Q

When does lactation begin?

A

3 days after child birth

32
Q

What is colostrum?

A

Prior to lactation, contains antibodies that protect the newborn from infectious diseases, also high in protein

33
Q

Chorionic villus sampling

A

Removal of tiny section of chorionic villi

PUBH 101 (6 decks)

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