Pregnancy

Question 1

For the male testes to function properly, what is the temperature the scrotum must be at and for what reason

Answer 1

93.6° F, for normal sperm production and development; sperm cannot be produced at a temperature higher or lower

Question 2

What is the first sign of female sexual maturation

Answer 2

Breast development

Question 3

What is the first sign of male sexual maturation

Answer 3

Testicular and penis growth

Question 4

5 female sexual health problems

Answer 4

1. Vaginitis - inflammation of the vagina
2. Vulvodynia – chronic and unexplained vulvar pain
3. Endometriosis – growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus
4. PID – infection of the uterus, oviducts, or ovaries
5. Dyspareunia – painful intercourse

Question 5

5 male sexual health problems

Answer 5

1. Prostatitis – inflammation or infection of prostate gland
2. Prostate cancer – second most common cancer in men
3. Testicular cancer – rare cancer, occurring mostly in 20’s and 30’s
4. Epididymitis – inflammation of the epididymis due to infection
5. Testicular torsion – spermatic cord becomes twisted

Question 6

How long does it take for the egg to travel through the fallopian
tubes and, if fertilized, what happens?

Answer 6

3-4 days, attaches to the lining of the uterus

Question 7

When a fertilized egg is implanted, what hormone tells a woman that she is pregnant?

Answer 7

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 8

The uterus sinks about 2 inches and the baby settles into the pelvic region. What is this called?

Answer 8

Sinking

Question 9

Quadruple marker screen (QMS)

Answer 9

Maternal blood test for hormone levels

Question 10

Ultrasonography

Answer 10

High frequency sound waves to see physical disability

Question 11

Amniocentesis

Answer 11

Amniotic fluid removal from the uterus

Question 12

What is the main thing that happens during the 2nd stage of labor?

Answer 12

Delivery of the baby

Question 13

What is the main thing that happens during the 3rd stage of labor?

Answer 13

Delivery of placenta

Question 14

Reasons why a woman might have a cesarean section

Answer 14

Baby’s head too large
Baby in breach position
Mother has a serious health condition
Mother who is overweight or diabetic
Abnormal or difficult labor
Fetal distress
Dangerous infections, such as herpes

Question 15

Gonads

Answer 15

Primary reproductive organs, developed at the 8th week of fetal life

Question 16

What sex hormones do gonads produce?

Answer 16

Testosterone (male)
Estrogen & progesterone (female)

Question 17

Differentiation of the embryo

Answer 17

Determined by genetics, and influenced by the presence or absence of testosterone

Question 18

Female menstrual cycle

Answer 18

1. Menses: days 1-5
2. Estrogenic phase: days 6-13
3. Ovulation phase: day 14
4. Progestational phase: days 15-27

Question 19

Menopause

Answer 19

Ovaries gradually cease functioning, decreasing estrogen

*Physical symptoms: hot flashes, vaginal dryness, night sweats, insomnia, mood changes, bone loss
*Increased risk of diseases: heart disease, stroke, osteoporosis

Question 20

Sexual/physical stimulation

Answer 20

Arousal through the senses, especially touching

Question 21

Phases of sexual response cycle - 4 phases

Answer 21

1. Excitement phase
2. Plateau phase
3. Orgasmic phase
4. Resolution phase (relaxation)

Question 22

Treatment for sexual dysfunctions

Answer 22

Drug & behavioral therapy OR relaxation & massage techniques

Question 23

Preconception care

Answer 23

Healthcare in preparation for pregnancy. Should include assessment of health risks, promotion of healthy lifestyle behaviors, and any treatment needed to reduce risk

Question 24

Conception process & chromosomal count

Answer 24

Combining of 23 pairs of chromosomes (22 pairs match, 23rd pair determines sex)

Question 25

Ways of treating infertility

Answer 25

1. Intrauterine insemination: artificial intrauterine insemination, sperm placed directly into vagina/uterus 2. IVF (uterus), GIFT, ZIFT (tubes) all involve taking out woman’s egg

Question 26

Pregnancy stages/tests

Answer 26

13 week trimesters Tests: human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) Hormone produced by implanted fertilized egg

Question 27

How much does blood volume increase by during pregnancy?

Answer 27

Increases 50%

Question 28

Importance of prenatal care involves:

Answer 28

1. Checkups every month 2. Blood tests for blood type and Rh factor 3. Avoid drugs and environmental hazards

Question 29

Ectopic pregnancy

Answer 29

Fertilized egg implants and develops in fallopian tube

Question 30

What percent of mothers breast feed?

Answer 30

22%

Question 31

When does lactation begin?

Answer 31

3 days after child birth

Question 32

What is colostrum?

Answer 32

Prior to lactation, contains antibodies that protect the newborn from infectious diseases, also high in protein

Question 33

Chorionic villus sampling

Answer 33

Removal of tiny section of chorionic villi