Pregnancy Flashcards
(44 cards)
signs of pregnancy:
o absent period
o fatigue
o enlarged breasts
o sore breasts
o nausea.
circulation changes due to pregnancy
o Heart enlarged HR
o Increased blood flow to uterus to provide nutrients and growth.
o Increased blood flow to skin and mucous membranes.
respiratory changes to pregnant person
o increased O2
- increased depth of breathing
o SOB
Supplements needed for pregnant women and why
- folic acid - first 12 weeks
- iodine = helps baby grow - during pregnancy and breast feeding
- vitamin D = strong bones and muscle
Morning sickness prevention (pregnancy)
- drink water before/after meals
- nap
- avoid spicy foods
alcohol effects on fetus
- premature
- developmental and physical changes (fetal alcohol spectrum disorder)
What is Pre-eclampsia
- high blood pressure in pregnancy
Risks for developing pre-eclampsia
o chronic hypertension
o pre-existing diabetes
o renal disease
o autoimmune diseases
o family history
o overweight
o multiple first pregnancies
o being young (<18) or old (>35).
Symptoms of pre-eclampsia
o high BP
o protein in urine
o headache
o Changes in vision
o Epigastric spasm
o Sudden new swelling in face, hands, eyes
o SOB
tests for pre-eclampsia
o BP measure
o urinalysis.
Treatment for pre-eclampsia
o antihypertensives
o rest/laying on L) side
o magnesium sulphate to prevent seizures during/after labor
o protein-rich diet.
complications from pre-eclampsia
o damage to kidneys/liver
o increased risk of stroke and blood clots,
o placental abruption
o eclampsia (seizures)
o increased risk of premature birth/still birth
o poor growth of baby.
What is gestational diabetes.
o Diabetes that develops during pregnancy
risks for developing gestational diabetes
o previous GDM
o multiple pregnancies
o older women
o Ethnicity
o BMI >35, family history.
how to diagnose gestational diabetes
o HbA1c (>50mmol/L) is lower in pregnancy
o Fasting glucose >5.5mmol/L or two hours post food >9mmol/L.
treatment for gestational diabetes
o self-monitoring (BGL daily).
complications of gestational diabetes
o increased risk of still birth
o miscarriage
o hypertension
o Jaundice
o sepsis.
effects of gestational diabetes on fetus
o increased fetal growth/fat storage
o birth trauma
o shoulder dystocia
o nerve pulses
o fractures
o respiratory disease.
Risks for becoming anemia
o two pregnancies close together
o multiple pregnancies
o vomiting frequently
o decreased iron
o heavy pre-pregnancy menstrual flow
o vege/vegan
o celiac or crohns disease.
Symptoms of anemia
o fatigue
o progressive paleness of skin
o rapid HR
o SOB
o trouble concentrating.
anemia diagnosis
o antenatal bloods (hemoglobin/hematocrit) – treated with iron supplements
post-partum hemorrhage volumes
o blood loss >500ml
o major if >1000ml
risks of hemorrhage before birth and after
before
- multiple pregnancy
- previous PPH
- Anemia \
After
- c - section
- induced labour
- long labour
- large baby
- fever
risks of preterm labor (before 37 weeks)
o hx of premature birth
o multiple pregnancy
o infection (STI/UTI)
o smoking/drinking/illicit drug use
o underweight/overweight
o poor dental hygiene
o diabetes
