Pregnancy And Giving Birth Ch. 13 & 16

Question 1

Uterus changes

Answer 1

Growth; by full growth It weighs approximately 2.4-2.6 lbs

Due to herplasia and hypertrophy

Question 2

Braxton hicks contraction

Answer 2

Irregular contractions due to uterine growth

Question 3

Cervix

Answer 3

Hyperemia (congestion of cloud) of the cervix. Resulting in blueish purple color of cervix

Question 4

Chadwicks sign

Answer 4

Blueish purple color of cervix

Question 5

Goodells sign

Answer 5

Cervical softening

Question 6

Striae gravidarum

Answer 6

Stretch marks

Question 7

Breast growth

Answer 7

Stimulates the growth of mammary ducal tissue and progesterone promotes the growth of lobes, lobules, an alveoli

Question 8

Colostrum

Answer 8

Yellowish fluid is present beginning at 12-16 weeks of pregnancy and can be expressed from the breasts

Question 9

Heart sounds

Answer 9

Changes of heartbeat between 12 to 20 weeks and regress during the first week after childbirth

Question 10

Total volume of blood flow

Answer 10

Increase of up to 45%

Question 11

Plasma volume

Answer 11

40%-60% above nonpregnant values

Question 12

RBC mass

Answer 12

20%-30%

Question 13

Supine hypotension

Answer 13

The weight of the gravity uterus partially occluded the vena cava and the aorta

Question 14

Hypercoagulable state

Answer 14

Pregnancy causes mother to clot more readily

Question 15

Relaxin

Answer 15

Produced by the corpus Latium, decidua, and placenta. Inhibits uterine activity, soften cervix connnective tissue, and lengthens pubic ligaments

Question 16

Gestational symptoms 5-8 weeks

Answer 16

Missed period, nausea, fatigue, tingling of breasts, urinary frequency, Chadwick’s, goodells, and hegers sign

Question 17

9-12 week symptoms

Answer 17

Nausea, palpable uterus above symphysis pubis

Question 18

13-16 week symptoms

Answer 18

Uterus is into abdomen, colostrum present, BV increases

Question 19

17-20 week symptoms

Answer 19

Fetal movements felt, heartbeat can be heard, skin pigment increases , Braxton hicks contractions

Question 20

21-24 week symptoms

Answer 20

Relaxation of smooth muscles of veins and bladder increases the chance of varicose veins and UTI

Question 21

25-28 week symptoms

Answer 21

Greatest weight gain and lowest hemoglobin levels

Question 22

29-32 week symptoms

Answer 22

Heartburn, Braxton hicks contraction, lordosis increases

Question 23

33-36 week symptoms

Answer 23

Shortness of breath, umbillicus protrudes, pedal and ankle edema

Question 24

37-40 week symptoms

Answer 24

Cervix softens, mucous plug is often lost

Question 25

Amenorrhea

Answer 25

Absence of menstruation

Question 26

gravida and para (GTPAL)

Answer 26

Gravida, term, preterm, abortions, and living children 5-1-1-2-2

Question 27

Common lab tests

Answer 27

``` Rh factor and antibody screen Complete blood count Hemoglobin count Venereal disease lab or rapid plasma reagin Tuberculin skin test Genetic testing Hep B HIV Urinalysis Pap test Cervical culture Glucose ```

Question 28

Demographic high risk factors

Answer 28

Younger than 16 years and older than 35 Low socioeconomic economic status Nonwhite race Multiparty

Question 29

Social personal factors for high risk

Answer 29

``` Low non pregnancy weight Obesity Height less than 5 foot Smoking Use of drugs or alcohol ```

Question 30

Obstetric high risk factors

Answer 30

Birth of infant more than 8.8 lbs Previous preterm birth Fetal or neonatal death Rh sensitization

Question 31

Existing medical conditions high risk factors

Answer 31

``` Diabetes Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism Cardiac disease Renal disease Concurrent infections ```

Question 32

Uterine growth

Answer 32

Non pregnant=pear shaped 10 mL capacity

Question 33

Full term uterine growth

Answer 33

Basketball, 5000 mL capacity

Question 34

Cervical changes

Answer 34

Increased estrogen=hyperemia=bluish purple coloring of cervix called “Chadwick’s sign” Increased collagen production=cervix softens =goodells sign

Question 35

Breast changes

Answer 35

Increased vasculature Straie gravidarum Areolae become darker, more erect Formation of colostrum

Question 36

Cardiovascular system changes

Answer 36

Enlarged myocardium Heart sits higher in chest and towards left chest by third trimester Adventitious heart sounds in 95% OF PREGNANT PATIENTS TOTAL BODY VOLUME INCREASED BY 45% Hypercoagulable state

Question 37

Respiratory system/hormonal changes

Answer 37

``` Oxygen consumption increases Hyperventilation= Progesterone/prostaglandins decrease airway resistance Estrogen= Relaxed rib ligaments ```

Question 38

Hyperventilation

Answer 38

increased tidal volume=respiratory alkalosis

Question 39

Estrogen

Answer 39

increased vasculature of upper respiratory tract

Question 40

Relaxed rib ligaments

Answer 40

allow wider expansion of diaphragm

Question 41

GI/urinary system changes

Answer 41

``` Gingivitis/bleeding gums Ptyaism Decreased esophageal tone Decreased gastric emptying Decreased motility in large intestine Gallbladder becomes hypotonic Urinary frequency Renal blood flow increases by 50-80% ```

Question 42

Skin/musculoskeletal changes

Answer 42

``` Increased perspiration Hyperpigmentation Pulsar erythema Rapid hair growth, less hair loss Increased absorption of calcium Separation of pelvic symphysis Diastasis recti ```

Question 43

Anterior pituitary

Answer 43

Stimulate production

Question 44

Posterior pituitary

Answer 44

Production of oxytocin

Question 45

Thyroid gland

Answer 45

Enlarged thyroid gland for fetal brain development

Question 46

Parathyroid hormone

Answer 46

Increases to allow calcium transfer to fetus

Question 47

Pancreas

Answer 47

Produces more insulin

Question 48

Adrenal glands

Answer 48

Increase cortisol and aldosterone

Question 49

Water requirement

Answer 49

Increases by 6.5-8.5 liters