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Health And Illness Exam 1 > Reproduction And Management Of Fertility And Infertility Concept 21 And Chap 31 > Flashcards

Reproduction And Management Of Fertility And Infertility Concept 21 And Chap 31 Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Reproduction

A

Process by which human beings produce a new individual. Sexual intercourse between a man and woman may result in the conception of a child.

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2
Q

Formation of reproductive cells

A

Formation of germ cells. Gametogenisis is the formation and development of germ cells, oocytes, spermatocytes. Meiosis occurs (23 chromosomes)

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3
Q

Oogensis

A

Process of egg formation begins during fetal life and is known as oogenesis. Only 400-500n ovum will mature enough to reproduce.

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4
Q

Spermatogensis

A

Germ cell to a sperm cell. Begins at puberty

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5
Q

Fertilization

A

Sperm is ejaculatedd—> travel through cervix into uterus—>Fallopian tubes—> ovum—>cortical reaction with sperm and ovum—>zygote forms

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6
Q

Implantation

A

Cavity is formed in the morula after 4 days after fertilization. Becomes a blastocysts and floats freely within the uterus for 2 days—>form trophoblast and an inner layer embryoblast—.9.5 days layer completely in endometrium

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7
Q

Embryonic period

A

Weeks 3-8 after conception

Highly sensitive period

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8
Q

Fetal period

A

Represents the final stage of development beginning on the ninth week after fertilization until birth.

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9
Q

Populations at risk for consequences

A

Adolescent population: impaired nutrition, anemia, infections, depression, social isolation, preeclampsia. Protracted labor, caphalopelvic disproportion, premature brith, and C-section.

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10
Q

Individual risk factors include

A 
Biophysical factors (altered or mutated genes)
Psychosocial factors (smoking, excessive caffeine intake, etc)
Sociodemographic factors (low income, low prenatal care)
Environmental factors (pollution, radiation, infections)
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11
Q

History assessment

A

Sexual history, contraceptive history, surgical history, alterations in pelvic support, papanicolaou history, and menstrual history

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12
Q

Diagnostic tests assessment first trimester

A 
Pregnancy test
CBC
Blood type
Rebuild titer
HepB
Syphilis test 
HIV test
Urinalysis
Pap test
Gonorrhea and chlamydia
Nuchal translucency
Amniocentesis 
Emotional well-being
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13
Q

Diagnostic tests second trimester

A 
CBC
1 hour glucose tolerance test
MSAFP screening
Amniocentesis 
Emotional well being
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14
Q

Diagnostic tests third trimester

A

Group B strep testing
Screening and diagnostic ultrasound
Emotional well-being

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15
Q

Analgesics (actaminophen)

A

Pain

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16
Q

Antibiotics (ampicillin, clindamycin, cefazolin, metronidazole, gentamicin, penicillin, erythromycin)

A

Infections

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17
Q

Antidepressants (sertraline, escitalopram)

A

Mood disorders

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18
Q

Antiemetic (promethazine, ondansetron)

A

Nausea

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19
Q

Folic acid

A

Neural tube defect prevention

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20
Q

Flu vaccine

A

Prevention of influenza

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21
Q

Ferrous sulfate

A

Transfer of iron to fetus

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22
Q

Laxative (docusate)

A

Constipation

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23
Q

Magnesium sulfate

A

Prevention of seizures

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24
Q

Prenatal vitamins

A

Support maternal nutrition

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25
Progesterone
Support early intrauterine pregnancy
26
Ph2 immune globin
Prevent hemolytic disease
27
Tocolytics (nifedipine)
Suppress uterine contractions
28
Perfusion
Adequate maternal blood flow to the growing fetus
29
Gestational diabetes mellitus
Carbohydrate intolerance of variable severity with onset onset or first recognition during pregnancy due to changing maternal hormonal levels
30
Preeclampsia
Syndrome characterized by an increase in BP after 20 weeks of gestation accompanied by renal changes like proteinuria
31
Postpartum hemorrhage
When a mother loses a significant amount of blood after delivery
32
Shoulder dystocia
When the fetus’ anterior shoulder becomes stuck under the maternal pubic bone preventing vaginal birth
33
Contraceptive methods
``` Sterilization Intrauterine devices or intrauterine system Progestin implant Progestin injections Oral contraceptives Emergency contraception Transdermal contraceptive patch Vaginal contraceptive ring ``` Most popular is condoms oral contraceptives and sterilization
34
Conception
The joining of a mature ovum and a sperm
35
Contraception
Preventing pregnancy in one form or another
36
Fertilization
When the sperm meets the egg
37
Germ cell
An embryonic cell that has the potential to be a gamete
38
Gestation
Pregnancy
39
Gametogensis
Creation of the reproductive cells | meiosis
40
Ovulation
When the follicle can fall and be released
41
Cleavage
The division of all the cells
42
Implantation
6-10 days after ovulation Implantation should happen at the fondus or top of the uterus (richest blood supply, thickest lining, and because It limits blood loss after delivery)
43
Embryo
Initial egg and cells (2-8 week)
44
Fetus
After the egg begins to develop (8-40 weeks)
45
Egg topic pregnancy
When implantation happens on day 2 and the egg matures in the Fallopian tubes. Becomes a problem and needs surgery around 12 weeks
46
Primary infertility
1 year of regular intercourses that is unprotected without pregnancy
47
Secondary infertility
Already had one kid but something is happening the second time around
48
Mumps, renal failure
Decrease of fertility
49
Oligo spermia
Abnormal sperm count
50
Hypospadius
Opening on the underside of the penis
51
Excessive alcohol intake
No sperm will make It due to change in ph
52
Seminal fluid
Carrier fluid. Protection of the sperm
53
Maintaining a pregnancy
Progesterone | Estrogen (lutinizing hormone)
54
Progesterone
Given in the glute once a week to maintain a pregnancy during the 26-40 weeks pregnant
55
Folic acid: primary prevention
Prevents neural tube defects
56
Invitro fertilization embryo transfer
Implant the embryo into the uterus
57
Gamete intafallopian transfer
Put the two sex cells into the Fallopian tubes
58
Zygot intrafallopian transfer
Already have the bound together
59
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
Injecting a sperm at the base of the cervix
60
Reproduction interrelated concepts
``` Hormonal regulation Gas exchange Perfusion Sexuality Nutrition ```
61
Oral contraceptives
Smoking and birth control causes stroke | Risk of blood clots and cardiovascular disease

Health And Illness Exam 1 (5 decks)

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