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371 Final Exam > Pregnancy/Reproduction > Flashcards

Pregnancy/Reproduction Flashcards

(96 cards)

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1
Q

How do you calculate EDD?

A

LMP + 1 Year - 3 Months + 7 days

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2
Q

G: Gravida

A

total number of pregnancies (including current one)

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3
Q

P: Para

A

number of pregnancies that have lasted past 20 weeks

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4
Q

T: Term Births

A

number of pregnancies that have ended at or after 37 weeks

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5
Q

P: Preterm Births

A

number of pregnancies that have ended at or after 20 weeks, but before 37 weeks (20-36 weeks)

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6
Q

A: Abortions

A

number of pregnancies ending before 20 weeks

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7
Q

L: Living Children

A

number of children currently living

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8
Q

Chadwick’s Sign

A

bluish/purple discoloration of the cervix (think C for color)

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9
Q

Goodell’s Sign

A

softening of the cervix (think GOOey)

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10
Q

Hedger’s Signs

A

softening of the lower uterine segment

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11
Q

How many extra calories are needed during the 1st trimester?

A

none

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12
Q

How many extra calories are needed during the 2nd trimester?

A

340

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13
Q

How many extra calories are needed during the 3rd trimester?

A

450

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14
Q

Why is the first ultrasound done?

A

to confirm pregnancy

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15
Q

When and why is the second ultrasound done?

A

18-20 weeks

looks for congenital malformations, excludes multiples, confirms dates, and identifies gender (if wanted)

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16
Q

When and why is the third ultrasound done?

A

34 weeks

determines fetal weight, height, growth, and verifies placental position

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17
Q

What can ultrasound detect?

A

Fetal heartbeat, movement, and breathing

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18
Q

What does increased circulating maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein indicate?

A

failure of neural tubes to close

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19
Q

What does decreased circulating maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein indicate?

A

down’s syndrome hydatidiform mole, excessive maternal weight, maternal diabetes I, or trisomy 18

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20
Q

What is amniocentesis?

A

transabdominal puncture of the amniotic sac with a fluid sample retraction

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21
Q

What does an amniocentesis do at 11-14 weeks?

A

detects genetic abnormalities

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22
Q

What does an amniocentesis do at 15-20 weeks?

A

detect chromosomal abnormalities, evaluates fetal condition when mother is sensitive to Rh+ blood, diagnoses intrauterine infection, and investigates amniotic fluid AFP levels

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23
Q

What does an amniocentesis do at 35+ weeks?

A

determines fetal lung maturity and Rh isoimmunization

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24
Q

What are risks associated with amniocentesis?

A

spontaneous miscarriage and fluid leak

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25
Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)
needle aspiration of chronic villus
26
What does Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) detect?
- chromosomal disorders - enzyme deficiencies - fetal gender - sex-linked disorders
27
What is another name for Cordocentesis?
Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling
28
How is Cordocentesis done?
aspiration of fetal blood from the umbilical cord near the placenta
29
Why is Cordocentesis done?
- needed for karyotyping - diagnosis and intrauterine management of Rh disease - diagnosis of disorders that require fetal blood for testing
30
Behavioral Methods of Contraception
- abstinence - fertility awareness - withdrawal - lactation amenorrhea
31
In Fertility Awareness, when it is unsafe to have sex?
three days before, during, and after ovulation
32
What is the success rate of fertility awareness?
75%
33
Cervical Mucus Ovulation Method
looks for spinnbarkeit mucous that is slippery and stretchy
34
When using the Cervical Mucus Ovulation method, when is it safe to have sex?
before the spinnbarkeit mucous appears and two days after its gone
35
When using the Basal Body Temperature methods, when should you take your temperature?
at the same time every day, usually when you first wake up in the morning
36
How much does ovulation change body temperature?
increase of ~0.5-1.0 degrees F that lasts until the next menstruation
37
What is the Symptothermal Method?
a combination of basal body temperature, cervix firmness and position, increased libido, mittelschmertz, pelvic fullness or tenderness, and breast tenderness
38
What is the cervix like during ovulation?
firm and high in the vagina or posterior; OS is slightly open
39
What is the cervix like during menstruation?
cervix is anterior and very soft and pliable
40
Standard Days Method
Avoid sex on days 8-19
41
The Standard Days Method is only effective for...
women with cycles between 26 and 32 days
42
How effective is the withdrawal method?
27% failure--the first few drops of semen contain most of the sperm load
43
What is the best kind of contraception?
The one that you use correctly and consistently
44
How effective are male condoms?
85-98% effective
45
How effective are female condoms?
79-95% effective
46
How long can you leave a diaphragm in?
No more than 24 hours--risk for TSS
47
True or False: You can buy a diaphragm at a drug/convenience store.
False--they are only available by prescription
48
What are the signs and symptoms of Toxic Shock Syndrome?
- fever greater than 101.1 - feeling light-headed and dizzy - development of a generalized rash
49
When should a diaphragm be inserted?
4 hours before intercourse
50
How long does the diaphragm have to be left in after intercourse?
6 hours
51
How do you check for holes in a diaphragm?
running water over it
52
How do you get a cervical cap?
prescription from doctor
53
What is a risk associated with a cervical cap?
TSS
54
How effective is oral contraception?
92-99% effective
55
What kind of oral contraceptives should a woman use if she is lactating?
progestin-only pills
56
What are monophasic oral contraceptives?
pills that deliver fixed doses of estrogen and progestin throughout a 21-day cycle
57
What are triphasic oral contraceptives?
pills that deliver varied amount of estrogen and progestin throughout a 21-day cycle
58
How effective is injectable birth control?
97-99% effective
59
How effective are transdermal patches?
92-99% effective
60
How effective are vaginal rings?
92-99% effective
61
How long are vaginal rings left?
3 weeks in, 1 week out
62
How effective are implantable birth control devices?
>99% effective
63
How often should Implanon be replaced?
every 36 months
64
How effective are intrauterine systems?
99% effective
65
PAINS Warning Signs
``` P: period is late or abnormal A: abdominal pain I: infection N: not feeling well S: strings may not be in the correct place ```
66
True or False: IUDs can transmit infections deeper into the reproductive tract
True
67
How often is Mirena replaced?
every 5 years
68
How often are copper IUDs replaced?
every 7 years
69
How effective is emergency contraception?
58-94% effective
70
What is Ovarette?
progestin-only pills that are effective up to 5 days after intercourse/failed contraception
71
True or False: A prescription is not required for Ovarette?
False
72
True or False: Plan B works if you are already pregnant
False
73
When should Plan B be taken?
Within 72 hours after intercourse/failed contraception, but the sooner the better
74
What is Mifeprex?
Non-surgical abortion
75
Where is Mifeprex taken?
A doctor's office or clinic
76
When can Mifeprex be taken?
Up to 49 days after days after the beginning of a woman's LMP
77
How does Mifeprex work?
It blocks progesterone, which prepares the lining of the uterus and helps maintain pregnancy
78
Transcervical Tubal Ligation
a tiny coil is released into the fallopian tubes through the cervix; overtime, scar tissue will form around the coils and block off the fallopian tubes, preventing sperm from reaching the egg
79
How long does it take for a transcervical tubal ligation to become effective?
3 months
80
True or False: A vasectomy is not immediately effective after the procedure.
True--must submit two semen samples with no sperm present
81
True or False: Weight gain during pregnancy is the strongest predictor of infant birth weight.
True
82
Which populations are at the greatest risk for reproduction problems?
adolescents and those in poverty
83
What are reasons for getting an abortion?
- woman's request - genetic disorder of fetus - rape and incest - preserving the health of the woman
84
Abortion
Termination of the pregnancy before 20 weeks for any reason
85
How long do most sperm survive?
1-2 days tops
86
After ovulation, the ovum needs to be fertilized within...
24 hours
87
When does the fetal period begin and end?
Begins at 9 weeks and extends until birth
88
When does the embryonic period begin and end?
Begins the 3rd week and ends after the 8th week
89
When are all major organ systems in place?
By the end of the 8th week
90
During the embryonic period, what can cause major structural and functional damage to the developing organs?
Teratogens
91
When does growth and refinement of the organ systems occur?
During the fetal period
92
True or False: The CNS is only vulnerable to damaging agents during the first and second trimesters.
False--it is vulnerable during the whole pregnancy
93
True or False: Fetal circulation consists of 1 umbilical artery and 2 umbilical veins.
False--two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein
94
What does the umbilical vein do?
Carries deoxygenated and nutrient rich blood to the fetus
95
What do the umbilical arteries do?
Carries deoxygenated blood and waste products to the placenta for transfer to the mother's blood
96
What reduces compression and torsion of the umbilical vessels?
Wharton's jelly

371 Final Exam (10 decks)

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