Prejudice

Question 1

Prejudice components

Answer 1

1) cognitive- where stereotypes form in mind, even if we not it’s not accurate
2) affective- negative emotions felt for another group
3) behavioural- treated unfairly

CAB!!!

Question 2

Freud

Answer 2

Thought women were less competent, not true

Question 3

Kernsl of truth argument

Answer 3

• stereotypes are based on real differences but exaggerated

Question 4

Cohens study

Answer 4

• we see and remember things based on stereotypes

Question 5

Types of sexism

Answer 5

Hostile = bad
Benovelent = good, like chivalry

Question 6

Racial stereotyping

Answer 6

1) eugenics = hitler (think EW)
2) katz and braly- assign traits to white and black Americans
3) princeton - see how black Americans are stereotyped over the years

Question 7

Stereotype threat

Answer 7

• thinking I have to do well in school cuz I’m asian

Question 8

Cognitive load vs automatic

Answer 8

Cognitive - juggling tasks/stressors
Automatic - driving, less cognitive load

Question 9

Deaux & Emswiller’s 1974 study:

Answer 9

• When a man did well on masculine task, attributed to ability, but woman for luck.
• Both men and women were deemed ability for feminine task.

Question 10

Face-ism

Answer 10

• Women photos often of bodies, focus on mens faces

Question 11

Konrath Study

Answer 11

• Found gender-equal cultures (Europe and North America) had more face-ism.
• Analyzed 6,500 official headshots of 25 cultures.

Question 12

Katz and Braly’s 1933 Study:

Answer 12

Whites = seen as intelligent, ambitious
Blacks = seen as lazy, ignorant, etc.

Question 13

Princeton Trilogy - Gilbert

Answer 13

• Negative traits for blacks have decreased, and positive decreased in whites (replaced with negatives like materialistic)

Question 14

Aversive racism

Answer 14

People want to maintain a non-prejudiced self-image, endorse fair treatment, and fear appearing prejudiced. Many subconsciously have it though.

Question 15

Dovidio & Gaertner’s 2000 Study:

Answer 15

• White students were to evaluated candidates with identical qualifications (strong, ambiguous, weak)
• Subtle racial biases still exist, especially in uncertain situations, where minority candidates may not receive the benefit of the doubt.

Question 16

Duncan’s 1976 Study:

Answer 16

• White participants to watch a video of an argument between a Black and a White man shoving
• Black man seemed violent, white playing around
• Same behavior perceived different

Question 17

The Amadou Diallo Case (1999):

Answer 17

• Officers shot innocent Amadou as they thought he was a serial rapist. Would this happen if he was white?

Question 18

Correll’s 2002 Study:

Answer 18

• Videogame - shoot or not based on white/black
• White, also black, were faster to shoot black

Question 19

Swim and hyers

Answer 19

• Sexist remarks from guys

Question 20

Steele and Aronson

Answer 20

tested Black and White American participants on a test similar. Split into 2 groups:
1. Diagnostic Group: Informed that the test measured verbal reasoning abilities.
2. Non-Diagnostic Group: Informed that the study was focused on psychological factors behind solving verbal reasoning problems.
- Black people performed worse when reminded of their stereotype due to anxiety/pressure

Question 21

Alleviating stereotype threat

Answer 21

1. Normalize the experience, helps focus better.
2. Self-affirmation, reminds of other strengths
3. Reappraise the threat (think of it as a challenge to conquer)
4. Research (show strats to reduce negative effects of stereotype threat)

Question 22

Stereotype threat

Answer 22

occurs when people feel they are at risk of conforming to negative stereotypes about their social group.

Question 23

Rosenthal and Jacobson’s Study (1966):

Answer 23

The self-fulfilling prophecy in education highlights the powerful influence of teacher expectations on student performance. This research underlines the need to recognize how biases or stereotypes—whether positive or negative—can shape the opportunities and outcomes for students.