Prejudice and Bias Flashcards
Fundamental attribution error
Tendency to attribute a person’s behavior to internal (personal) rather than external (environmental) factors
Factors influencing how attributions are made
- Consistency: high consistency related to internal factors
- Distinctiveness: high level related to external factors
- Consensus: high level related to external factors
Actor-observer bias
When bad things happen to us, it is due to circumstance, while when bad things happen to others, it is due to personal characteristics
Self-serving bias
Success is due to personal factors and failure is due to external factors
Optimism bias
Belief that bad things happen to others but not us
Self-fulfilling prophecy
The process by which stereotypes (cognitive) create prejudices (affective) that lead to discrimination (behavioral). This discrimination may create the original stereotype
Relative deprivation hypothesis of aggression
Discrimination occurs when people are deprived of something that they feel entitled to
Just world phenomenon
Good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people
Primacy vs. recency bias
Tendency to remember first impression and recent interactions the most
Halo effect
If someone makes a very good first impression, tend to perceive all their later traits as being positive
Ethnocentrism
Judging another’s culture from the perspective of your own
Cultural Relativism
Judging another’s culture from the perspective of that culture
Xenocentrism
Judging one’s own culture as superior to another
Cultural imperialism
Imposition of ones own cultural values on another culture
Group polarization
Groups tend to make decisions that are more extreme than an individual group member
