PRELIM 01 - History of Pharmacy Practice Flashcards
(106 cards)
1
Q
Babylon, of ancient Mesopotamia, called the cradle of civilization, provides the earliest known record of practice of the art of apothecary (Year in history)
A
2400 BC
2
Q
__________ provides the earliest known record of practice of the art of apothecary
A
Babylon
3
Q
Where the first sign of sickness, prescription, and compounding instructions were written
A
Sumerian cuneiform
4
Q
Shen Nung, an emperor sought out and investigated the medicinal value of several medicinal herbs (Year in history)
A
2000 BC
5
Q
A Chinese emperor who sought out and investigated the medicinal value of several medicinal herbs
A
Shen Nung
6
Q
A collection of 365 native herbs written by Shen Nung
A
Pen T-sao
7
Q
Papyrus ebers, a medicinal record from Ancient Egypt that contains a collection of 800 prescriptions, 700 medications, and some recorded formulas were made (Year in history)
A
1500 BC
8
Q
It is a medicinal record from Ancient Egypt that contains a collection of 800 prescriptions, 700 medications, and some recorded formulas
A
Papyrus Ebers
9
Q
In Ancient Egypt, gatherers and preparers of drugs, and “chief of fabrications” or head pharmacists worked in the __________
A
“House of Life”
10
Q
The earliest recorded occurrence of a compounded medication in Indian traditional medicine is found in Sushrata Samhita (Year in history)
A
600 BC
11
Q
The earliest recorded occurrence of a compounded medication in Indian traditional medicine is found in __________
A
Sushrata Samhita
12
Q
Terra Sigillata, an early “trademarked” drug was made (Year in history)
A
500 BC
13
Q
An early “trademarked” drug which is a clay tablet made on the Mediterranean island of Lemos which holds medicinal tablets that carry a trademark
A
Terra Sigillata (Sealed Earth)
14
Q
Theophrastus, the “Father of Botany”, was among the greatest Greek philosophers and natural scientists (Year in history)
A
300 BC
15
Q
The “Father of Botany” who was among the greatest early Greek philosophers and natural scientists
A
Theophrastus
16
Q
Mithridates VI, King of Pontus, pursued to discover the art of poisoning, avoiding poison, and treating it (Year in history)
A
100 BC
17
Q
Nickname for Mithridates VI, King of Pontus
A
Royal Toxicologist
18
Q
Was used as a poisonous substance antidote; named after Mithridates VI, King of Pontus
A
Mithridatum
19
Q
Pedanios Dioscorides was a notable individual who made substantial contribution in pharmacy practice with his work, De Materia Medica (Year in history)
A
1st Century AD
20
Q
A notable individual who made substantial contribution in pharmacy practice with his work, De Materia Medica
A
Pedanios Dioscorides
21
Q
Is a record of Dioscorides’s findings and specifications for the acquisition, storage, and usage of medications
A
De Materia Medica
22
Q
Aelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus, commonly known as Galen, was a Roman Greek physician, surgeon, and philosopher who was the first to use the pulse as a sign of illness (Year in history)
A
130-200 AD
23
Q
A class of pharmaceuticals compounded by mechanical means; named after Galen
A
Galenicals
24
Q
Galen was the originator of the formula for __________
A
Cold cream
25
Are twin brothers of Arabian descent who were devout Christians
Damian (The apothecary), Cosmas (The physician)
26
Damian and Cosmas were called the __________
"Silverless ones"
27
Remnants of the Western knowledge of pharmacy and medicine were preserved in the monasteries (Year in history)
5th-12th century
28
They separated the art of apothecary and physicians and established the first privately owned drug store in Baghdad
Arabs
29
One of the greatest Arab physicians who contributed greatly to the pharmacy practice by compiling texts
Abu Bakr al-Razi/Rhazes
30
Colonial America's first hospital, the Pennsylvania hospital, was established in Philadelphia in __________
1751
31
Pennsylvania hospital was founded in 1751 by __________ and __________ to "care for the sick-poor and insane who were wandering the streets of Philadelphia"
Dr. Thomas Bond, Benjamin Franklin
32
An apprentice physician who was America's first hospital pharmacist
Jonathan Roberts
33
Year when Jonathan Roberts was hired
1752
34
Jonathan Roberts's successor who proposed that the practices of medicine and pharmacy be separate
John Morgan
35
A German-Swedish pharmaceutical chemist who made thousands of experiments, discovered oxygen, chlorine, and manganese
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
36
A German pharmacist who gave the world opium's chief narcotic principle, morphine
Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Serturner
37
Serturner proved the importance of a new class of organic substances which was __________
Alkaloids
38
The American Pharmaceutical Association helped regulate the practice of dispensing medicine and encouraged pharmacists to develop close relationships with the doctors who prescribed the medicine (Year in history)
1852
39
An association that helped regulate the practice of dispensing medicine and encouraged pharmacists to develop close relationships with the doctors who prescribed the medicine
American Pharmaceutical Association
40
Was the patriarch of American pharmacy, the founder of the first college of pharmacy in the United States, the first American pharmacy journal, and the first national professional association
Daniel B. Smith
41
The first college of pharmacy in the United States
Philadelphia College of Pharmacy
42
Year when the first college of pharmacy in the United States was founded
1821
43
Daniel B. Smith's young protege and colleague who was the "Father of American Pharmacy"
William Procter Jr.
44
A group of 11 physicians met at the US capitol in Washington DC and created the first United States Pharmacopoeia (Year in history)
1820
45
The first United States Pharmacopoeia was published as __________
The Pharmacopoeia of the United States of America
46
The __________ established the National Formulary (NF) in 1888 which was principally aimed to serve as a resource and a formulary for small-scale compounding of medicines
American Pharmaceutical Association
47
The American Pharmaceutical Association established the __________ in 1888 which was principally aimed to serve as a resource and a formulary for small-scale compounding of medicines
National Formulary (NF)
48
The American Pharmaceutical Association established the National Formulary (NF) in __________ which was principally aimed to serve as a resource and a formulary for small-scale compounding of medicines
1888
49
It contains monographs and standards for medicines, finished dosage forms, and many other therapeutic goods intended for use in healthcare
USP-NF
50
An American explorer, botanist, and pharmacist who opened vast new horizons for the advancement of pharmacy and medicine
Henry Hurd Rusby
51
Rusby collected more than __________ botanical specimens and described nearly a thousand new species of plants
60,000
52
Three genera, ________, __________, and __________ bear Henry Hurd Rusby's name
Rusbya Britton, Rusbyanthus Gilg, Rusbyella Rolfe ex Rusby
53
The alkaloid __________ bear Henry Hurd Rusby's name
Rusbyine
54
Henry Hurd Rusby is cited as the author of __________ taxon names
49
55
A German medical scientist who published his memoir, 'The Potency Estimation of Diphtheria antiserum and its theoretical basis', which laid the foundation for all future work on biological standardization
Paul Ehrlich
56
Paul Ehrlich was a German medical scientist who published his memoir, ___________, which laid the foundation for all future work on biological standardization
'The potency estimation of Diphtheria antiserum and its theoretical basis'
57
Biological products got their start with the discovery of __________ by Behring and Roux in 1894
Diphtheria antitoxin
58
Biological products got their start with the discovery of diphtheria antitoxin by __________ in 1894
Behring and Roux
59
Biological products got their start with the discovery of diphtheria antitoxin by Behring and Roux in __________
1894
60
Is a drug that was introduced at the beginning of the 1910s as the first effective treatment for syphilis, relapsing fever, and African trypanosomiasis
Arsphenamine/Salvarsan/Compound 606
61
Was a French pharmacist who worked for 30 years and headed chemical laboratories in the world-renowned Institut Pasteur, in Paris
Ernest Francois Auguste Fourneau
62
Ernest Francois Auguste Fourneau developed __________ in 1904
Stovaine
63
Ernest Francois Auguste Fourneau developed Stovaine in __________
1904
64
Is used as a spinal anesthesia; it contains amylocaine, the first synthetic and non-addictive local anesthetic
Stovaine
65
Dr. Frederick Banting, a Canadian surgeon, and Charles Best, a medical student, successfully isolated the hormone insulin for the first time (Year in history)
1921
66
__________, a Canadian surgeon, and Charles Best, a medical student, successfully isolated the hormone insulin for the first time in 1921
Dr. Frederick Banting
67
Dr. Frederick Banting, a Canadian surgeon, and __________, a medical student, successfully isolated the hormone insulin for the first time in 1921
Charles Best
68
The isolation of insulin took place at the __________, where Banting and Best successfully isolated insulin from dogs
University of Toronto
69
Was a German company who was possibly the earliest company to manufacture and sell alkaloids
Merck
70
Merck originated as a pharmacy founded in __________ in 1668
Darmstadt
71
Merck originated as a pharmacy founded in Darmstadt in __________
1668
72
It was in __________ that Henrich Emanuel Merck began the transition towards an industrial and scientific concern by manufacturing and selling alkaloids
1827
73
It was in 1827 that __________ began the transition towards an industrial and scientific concern by manufacturing and selling alkaloids
Heinrich Emanuel Merck
74
Ever since the beginnings at the __________ in London in 1715, GlaxoSmithKline aimed to get ahead of the diseases that impact people's health
Plough Court Pharmacy
75
Ever since the beginnings at the Plough Court Pharmacy in __________ in 1715, GlaxoSmithKline aimed to get ahead of the diseases that impact people's health
London
76
Ever since the beginnings at the Plough Court Pharmacy in London in __________, GlaxoSmithKline aimed to get ahead of the diseases that impact people's health
1715
77
A biopharma company that has grown from a handful of individual founders into a company of over 69,000 people
GlaxoSmithKline
78
GlaxoSmithKline is a biopharma company that has grown from a handful of individual founders into a company of over __________ people
69,000
79
In the middle of the __________, Beecham became involved in the industrial production of medicine, producing patented medicine in 1842, and the world's first factory for producing only machines in 1859
19th century
80
In the middle of the 19th century, __________ became involved in the industrial production of medicine, producing patented medicine in 1842, and the world's first factory for producing only machines in 1859
Beecham
81
In the middle of the 19th century, Beecham became involved in the industrial production of medicine, producing patented medicine in __________, and the world's first factory for producing only machines in 1859
1842
82
In the middle of the 19th century, Beecham became involved in the industrial production of medicine, producing patented medicine in 1842, and the world's first factory for producing only machines in __________
1859
83
In the USA, __________ was founded in 1849 by two German immigrants, Charles Pfizer & Charles Erhart, initially as a fine chemicals business
Pfizer
84
In the USA, Pfizer was founded in __________ by two German immigrants, Charles Pfizer & Charles Erhart, initially as a fine chemicals business
1849
85
In the USA, Pfizer was founded in 1849 by two German immigrants, __________ & __________, initially as a fine chemicals business
Charles Pfizer, Charles Erhart
86
Whilst Pfizer was providing the medicines needed for the Union war effort, a young cavalry commander named __________ was serving in their army
Colonel Eli Lilly
87
After his military career and trying his hand at farming, Colonel Eli Lilly set up a pharmaceutical business in __________
1876
88
Was a naval doctor during the Mexican-American war of 1846-1848 who threw the drugs he was supplied with overboard due to their low quality
Edward Robinson Squibb
89
Edward Robinson Squibb set up a laboratory in __________, laying the basis for today's Bristol Myers Squibb
1858
90
Edward Robinson Squibb set up a laboratory in 1858, laying the basis for today's __________
Bristol Myers Squibb
91
3 companies in the pharmaceutical industry that all have their roots in the dyestuff boom
Sandoz, CIBA-Geigy, Roche
92
__________ was founded in 1863 as a dye maker in Wuppertal, the hometown of Karl Marx's collaborator Friedrich Eigels
Bayer
93
Bayer was founded in __________ as a dye maker in Wuppertal, the hometown of Karl Marx's collaborator Friedrich Eigels
1863
94
Bayer was founded in 1863 as a dye maker in __________, the hometown of Karl Marx's collaborator Friedrich Eigels
Wuppertal
95
Bayer was founded in 1863 as a dye maker in Wuppertal, the hometown of Karl Marx's collaborator __________
Friedrich Eigels
96
Bayer later moved into medicines, commercializing __________ around the turn of the 20th century, which was one of the most successful pharmaceuticals ever at that point
Aspirin
97
In __________, Alexander Fleming discovered the first antibiotic, penicillin
1928
98
In 1928, __________ discovered the first antibiotic, penicillin
Alexander Fleming
99
In 1928, Alexander Fleming discovered the first antibiotic, __________
Penicillin
100
In the __________, the first commercially available antibacterial was Prontosil, a sulfonamide developed by the German biochemist Gerhard Domagk
1930s
101
In the 1930s, the first commercially available antibacterial was __________, a sulfonamide developed by the German biochemist Gerhard Domagk
Prontosil
102
In the 1930s, the first commercially available antibacterial was Prontosil, a sulfonamide developed by the German biochemist __________
Gerhard Domagk
103
In __________, penicillin was introduced on a large scale as a treatment for bacterial infections, which was possible through the work of Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain
1945
104
In 1945, penicillin was introduced on a large scale as a treatment for bacterial infections, which was possible through the work of __________ and __________
Howard Florey, Ernst Boris Chain
105
The golden era/years of antibiotics
1940-1962
106
Are among the community's finest educated people
Pharmacists
