FINAL 03 - Parenterals Flashcards
1
Q
Refers to various small volume and large volume injectable preparations and irrigation fluids
A
Sterile dosage forms
2
Q
An essential requirement since infection easily arises
A
Sterility
3
Q
Sterile, pyrogen-free preparations intended to be administered parenterally
A
Injections
4
Q
Fever producing organic substances arising from microbial contamination
A
Pyrogens
5
Q
Refers to the injectable routes of administration
A
Parenteral
6
Q
Greek word which means outside
A
Para
7
Q
Greek word which means intestine
A
Enteron
8
Q
In __________, intravenous injection of drugs were first used in the experiments of Sir Christopher Wren
A
1656
9
Q
An architect of St. Paul’s cathedral and amateur physiologist
A
Sir Christopher Wren
10
Q
In __________, intravenous medication was first given to humans by Johann Daniel Major of Kiel
A
1662
11
Q
In 1662, intravenous medication was first given to humans by __________
A
Johann Daniel Major of Kiel
12
Q
Blood clot within the blood vessel or heart
A
Thrombus
13
Q
Clot that circulates and carried by the blood the blood stream
A
Embolus
14
Q
Obstruction of the blood vessel that results in a block or occlusion
A
Embolism
15
Q
Flow rates for intravenous fluids range from __________ to __________ mL/hour
A
42-150 mL/hour
16
Q
Automated intravenous delivery system for intermittent self-administration of analgesic
A
Patient controlled analgesia (PCA)
17
Q
Oleaginous suspension can only be administered through the __________ route
A
Intramuscular
18
Q
Volume of medication administered in the gluteal region
A
5 mL
19
Q
Volume of medication administered in the deltoid of the arm
A
2 mL
20
Q
Technique that is useful for intramuscular injections of medication that strain upper tissue by sealing the medications in the lower muscle
A
Z-track technique
21
Q
Route for injection of small amounts of medication; usual route for insulin injection
A
Subcutaneous route
22
Q
Syringes to be used for subcutaneous route are up to 3 mL capacities and has __________ to __________ gauge needles
A
24-26 gauge
23
Q
The more vascular layer of the skin just beneath the epidermis
A
Corium
24
Q
Site of injection for intradermal route
A
Anterior forearm
25
Liquid preparations that are drug substances or solutions (Types of injections)
Injection
26
Dry solids that upon addition of suitable vehicles yield solutions confirming in all respects to the requirements for injections (Types of injections)
For injection
27
Liquid preparation of drug substance dissolved or dispersed in a suitable emulsion medium (Types of injections)
Injectable emulsion
28
Liquid preparation of solid suspended in a suitable liquid medium (Types of injections)
Injectable suspension
29
Dry solid that upon addition of suitable vehicle yields preparation conforming in all respects to the requirements for injectable suspensions (Types of injections)
For injectable suspension
30
Most frequently used solvent in the large scale manufacturing of injections (Examples of solvents and vehicles for injection)
Water for injection, USP
31
Not more than 1mg/100mL water for injection (Examples of solvents and vehicles for injection)
Purified water, USP
32
Used as solvent or diluent for already sterilized and packaged injectable medication (Examples of solvents and vehicles for injection)
Sterile water for injection, USP
33
Sterile water for injection containing one or more suitable antimicrobial agents/bacteriostatic agents (Examples of solvents and vehicles for injection)
Bacteriostatic water for injection, USP
34
This statement was the result of problems encountered with neonates and toxicity of the bacteriostat, benzyl alcohol
Not for use in neonates
35
Benzyl alcohol poisoning is recognized as __________
Gasping syndrome
36
Sterile solution of NaCl in water for injection (Examples of solvents and vehicles for injection)
Sodium chloride injection, USP
37
Sterile isotonic solution of NaCl in water for injection (Examples of solvents and vehicles for injection)
Bacteriostatic sodium chloride injection
38
Sterile solutions of NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 in water for injection (Examples of solvents and vehicles for injection)
Ringer's injection, USP
39
Contains NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, and Na lactate (Examples of solvents and vehicles for injection)
Lactated ringer's injection
40
Purified by distillation or osmosis and rendered sterile with no antimicrobial agents except when used in humidifiers or other similar devices (Examples of solvents and vehicles for injection)
Sterile water for inhalation, USP
41
Sterilized and suitably packaged with no antimicrobial agent or other added substance
Sterile water for irrigation, USP
42
Vehicles that are used when physical or chemical factors limit the use of a wholly aqueous vehicle
Nonaqueous vehicles
43
Means destruction of all living organisms and their spores or their complete removal from the preparation
Sterilization
44
Type of sterilization conducted in an autoclave and employs steam under pressure (Methods of sterilization)
Steam sterilization
45
115.5°C or 240°F for 30 minutes (Examples of steam pressure)
10 lb steam pressure
46
121.5°C or 250°F for 20 minutes (Examples of steam pressure)
15 lb steam pressure
47
126.5°C or 260°F for 15 minutes (Examples of steam pressure)
20 lb steam pressure
48
Type of sterilization carried out in ovens, heated gas, or electricity and are generally thermostatically controlled (Methods of sterilization)
Dry heat sterilization
49
Type of sterilization that depends on the physical removal of microorganism by adsorption on the filter medium or by sieving mechanism (Methods of sterilization)
Sterilization by filtration
50
Commercially available filter which is a thin plastic membrane of cellulosic esters with millions of pores per square inch
Millipore filter
51
Pore sizes of millipore filter
14-0.025um
52
Type of sterilization that requires specialized equipment resembling an autoclave and many combination steam autoclaves and ethylene oxide sterilizers (Methods of sterilization)
Gas sterilization
53
Sterilization with ethylene oxide gas requires __________ to ___________ hours of exposure
4-16 hours
54
Is through to sterilize by interfering with the metabolism of bacterial cell
Ethylene oxide
55
Type of sterilization which is sterilization by gamma rays and by cathode rays, but application of such techniques is limited (Methods of sterilization)
Sterilization by ionization radiation
56
Ophthalmic and injectable preparations are sterilized by __________ and __________ (AB)
Autoclaving, Bacterial filtration
57
Best value to validate sterility for steam sterilization
Biological indicator
58
Steam sterilization (Biological indicator)
Bacillus stearothermophilus
59
Dry heat sterilization (Biological indicator)
Bacillus subtilis
60
Ethylene oxide sterilization (Biological indicator)
Bacillus stearothermophilus
61
Ionizing radiation sterilization (3 Biological indicators) (BP, BS, BS)
Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus stearothermophilus
62
Formula of F value to express thermal death
Fo = D121 (Log A – Log B)
63
Time required to kill a particular organism under specified conditions
Thermal death time
64
2 oxidizing agents used in removing pyrogens (PB)
Potassium permanganate, Barium hydroxide
65
Test for pyrogens that use healthy mature rabbits each weight NLT 1.5 kg which have not lost body mass when kept on a constant diet for NLT 1 week (Pyrogen tests)
Rabbit test
66
Test for pyrogens which uses an extract from the blood cells of horse shoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) (Pyrogen tests)
Bacterial endotoxin test, USP
67
Test used for detecting the presence of bacterial endotoxins (Pyrogen tests)
Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test
68
Hermetic container for parenteral administration as a single dose
Single-dose container
69
Hermetic container that permits withdrawal of successive portions of the contents
Multiple-dose container
70
This preparation's expiration date is set after 24 months after filling
Insulin preparations
71
The goal of __________ is to achieve tight blood glucose control by mimicking insulin secretion by the normal pancreas
Insulin therapy
72
2 components of normal insulin secretion (BB)
Basal insulin, Bolus insulin
73
Are intermediate acting or long-acting insulins that mimic basal secretions of insulin (Components of normal insulin secretion)
Basal insulins
74
Are rapid-acting or short-acting insulins that mimic the extra insulin the pancreas secrete (Components of normal insulin secretion)
Bolus insulin
75
Sterile aqueous solution of insulin that is administered intravenously (Types of insulin)
Insulin injection
76
2 problems encountered due to insulin injection (LL)
Lipohypertrophy, Lipodystrophy
77
Build-up of fibrous tissue
Lipohypertrophy
78
Insulin produced by using a special non-disease forming laboratory of E. coli strain and recombitant DNA technology (Types of insulin)
Human insulin
79
Solution that consists of zinc insulin lispro crystals dissolved in a clear aqueous liquid (Types of insulin)
Lispro insulin solution
80
Recombitant ultra-short acting insulin using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) as the production organism (Types of insulin)
Insulin aspart
81
Suspension which is an NPH (Neutral Protamine Hagedorn) insulin; protamine is added (Types of insulin)
Isophane insulin suspension
82
A manufactured premixed insulin lispro and Neutral Protamine Lispro (NPL) in fixed ratio (Types of insulin)
Humalog mix
83
A suspension that is a smaller amorphous form that has the most prompt hypoglycemic action and contains zinc chloride (Types of insulin)
Insulin zinc suspension
84
Long-acting basal insulin preparation intended for once daily subcutaneous administration for type I diabetes (Types of insulin)
Insulin glargine
85
Sterile suspension of zinc insulin crystals in an aqueous solution medium buffered with sodium acetate (Types of insulin)
Extended insulin zinc suspension
86
Pumps given for patients that needs to achieve and maintain blood glucose to nearly normal levels on a constant basis (Types of insulin)
Insulin infusion pumps
87
2 other injectable products (PI)
Pallets/Implants, Irrigation and dialysis solution
88
Set of 6 flexible closed capsules of dimethylsiloxane-methyl vinyl siloxane copolymer; an excellent contraceptive (Examples of pallets/implants)
Levonorgestrel implants
89
A Goserelin acetate implant that is a treatment for prostatic cancer (Examples of pallets/implants)
Zoladex implant
90
Gel that assist in reproduction (Examples of pallets/implants)
Crisone gel
91
A treatment for dry eyes (Examples of pallets/implants)
Lacrisert
92
Solution that does not enter into the circulatory system; packaged as LVP
Irrigation and dialysis solution
93
Solution intended as bathe or wash for wounds, surgical incisions or body tissues
Irrigation solutions
94
Solutions that are separations of substances from one another in solution by taking advantage of their differing diffusibility through membranes
Dialysis solutions
95
Joints (Route of administration)
Intraarticular
96
Joint fluid area (Route of administration)
Intrasynovial
97
Spinal column (Route of administration)
Intraspinal
98
Spinal fluid (Route of administration)
Intrathecal
99
Arteries (Route of administration)
Intraarterial
100
Heart (Route of administration)
Intracardiac
101
Vein (Route of administration)
Intravenous
102
Muscle (Route of administration)
Intramuscular
103
Skin (2 routes of administration)
Intradermal, Intracutanous
104
Under the skin (2 routes of administration) (SH)
Subcutaneous, Hypodermic
