PRELIM 02 - States of Matter

Question 1

Total heat lost or gained in the conversion involving solid and liquid by 1 mole of substance

Answer 1

Molar heat of fusion

Question 2

2 heat processes

Answer 2

Endothermic, Exothermic

Question 3

Refers to when heat is absorbed

Answer 3

Endothermic

Question 4

Refers to when heat is released

Answer 4

Exothermic

Question 5

Term used to describe the total heat content of a particular system

Answer 5

Enthalpy

Question 6

Term used to describe the molecular randomness/disorderliness of a particular system

Answer 6

Entropy

Question 7

Total heat required for the conversion involving liquid and gas by 1 mole of liquid substance

Answer 7

Molar heat of vaporization

Question 8

Graphs that relate pressure and temperature to the state of matter

Answer 8

Phase diagrams

Question 9

Other name for phase diagrams

Answer 9

Temperature-composition diagram

Question 10

Rule that determines the relationship for the least number of intensive variables

Answer 10

Gibb’s phase rule

Question 11

A homogenous part of the system, physically separated by distinct boundaries

Answer 11

Phase

Question 12

Composition (one, two, or three components)

Answer 12

Component

Question 13

Do not depend on the amount of matter present of the phases

Answer 13

Independent variables

Question 14

The number of independent parameters that define its configuration

Answer 14

Degrees of freedom

Question 15

No pressure is involved; vapor phase is ignored

Answer 15

Condensed system

Question 16

Pressure is considered; involves gas

Answer 16

Noncondensed system

Question 17

Originates from measurements using a barometer

Answer 17

Millimeters of mercury (mmHg)

Question 18

Other name for mmHg

Answer 18

Torr

Question 19

Person who invented torr

Answer 19

Evangelista Torricelli

Question 20

1 mmHg = _____ Torr

Answer 20

1 torr

Question 21

Average atmospheric pressure at sea level

Answer 21

Atmosphere (atm)

Question 22

1 atm = _____ mmHg

Answer 22

760 mmHg

Question 23

SI unit for pressure

Answer 23

Pascal (Pa)

Question 24

Average air pressure at sea level

Answer 24

101,325 Pa

Question 25

1 Pa = _____ N/m^2

Answer 25

1 N/m^2

Question 26

1 atm = _____ in Hg (inches of mercury)

Answer 26

29.92 in Hg

Question 27

1 atm = _____ psi (pounds power square inch)

Answer 27

14.7 psi

Question 28

The pressure exerted by a single component in a mixture of gases

Answer 28

Partial pressure (Pn)

Question 29

The average distance that a gas particle travels between collisions

Answer 29

Mean free path

Question 30

Process by which gas particles spread out in response to a concentration gradient

Answer 30

Diffusion

Question 31

Process by which gas particles escape from a container into a vacuum through small hole

Answer 31

Effusion

Question 32

Means that no heat enters the system

Answer 32

Adiabatic

Question 33

Where the gas does external work

Answer 33

Joule-Thomson effect

Question 34

The temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the external or atmospheric pressure

Answer 34

Boiling point

Question 35

Found that a dissolved solute lowers the vapor pressure of the solvent

Answer 35

FM Raoult

Question 36

States that the partial pressure exerted by solvent vapor above an ideal solution (Pa) is the product of the mole fraction of solvent solution (Xa) and the vapor pressure of the pure solvent at the given temperature (PoA)

Answer 36

Raoult's law

Question 37

Supercooled liquids in which the molecules are arranged in a somewhat random manner

Answer 37

Amorphous solids

Question 38

Where substances exist in more than one crystalline form, and are said to be allotropic

Answer 38

Polymorphism

Question 39

Change from one form to another is reversible

Answer 39

Enantiotropic

Question 40

When transition takes place in one direction only (metastable to stable)

Answer 40

Monotropic

Question 41

Exhibit similar properties in all directions

Answer 41

Isotropic

Question 42

Shows different characteristics in various directions along the crystal

Answer 42

Anisotropic

Question 43

States that if a system at equilibrium is disturbed by a change in concentration, pressure, or temperature; the system will shift its equilibrium position so as to counter the effect of the disturbance

Answer 43

Le Chatelier's principle

Question 44

Formed using solvents

Answer 44

Lyotropic

Question 45

Formed using temperature

Answer 45

Thermotropic

Question 46

Predicted by Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein; dilute gas cooled to temperature very near to absolute zero

Answer 46

Bose-Einstein condensates

Question 47

Refers to the temperature when the liquid phase no longer exists

Answer 47

Critical temperature

Question 48

Refers to the pressure needed to liquify a gas at its critical temperature

Answer 48

Critical pressure

Question 49

Critical temperature of water

Answer 49

647 K

Question 50

Critical pressure of water

Answer 50

218 atm

Question 51

A eutectic mixture that is the most widely use topical anesthetic

Answer 51

EMLA

Question 52

Refers to the point that is the lowest temperature at which the liquid phase is present in a system

Answer 52

Eutectic point