PRELIM 01 - Introduction to Physical Pharmacy Flashcards by Juan Carlos Cornelio

Concerned with the entire process of converting drugs into medicines

Pharmaceutics

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Is a substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease

Drug

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Chemical compound with pharmacological intended for use in diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of diseases

Active pharmaceutical ingredient

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Inactive ingredients for technological, biopharmaceutical, or stability reasons

Pharmaceutical excipient/Additives

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Determines the physical form of the final pharmaceutical preparation

Dosage forms

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Particular pharmaceutical product containing active and inactive pharmaceutical ingredients formulated into the particular dosage form

Pharmaceutical product

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Powders and granules

Solid oral dosage form

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Tablet

Solid oral dosage form

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Capsule

Solid oral dosage form

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Modified-release

Solid oral dosage form

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Solutions

Liquid oral dosage form

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Colloidal system

Liquid oral dosage form

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Dispersed system

Liquid oral dosage form

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Gases

Gaseous dosage form

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Aerosols

Gaseous dosage form

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Concerned with the use of physicochemical principles as applied to various branches of pharmacy

Physical pharmacy

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Transfer of electrons between a metal and nonmetal usually observed in the formation of salts

Ionic force

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Sharing of electrons between two nonmetals responsible for numerous organic compounds

Covalent force

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Weak forces that involve displacement of charge

Van der Waals forces

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3 groups of Van der Waals forces

Dipole-dipole, Dipole-induced dipole, Induced dipole-induced dipole

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Electrostatic interaction of H with highly electronegative atoms

Hydrogen bonds

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Polar molecules are attracted to either positive or negative charges

Ion-dipole interaction

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Induced by close proximity of a charged ion to the nonpolar molecules

Ion-induced dipole interaction

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H2O - Type of force

Hydrogen bond

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CCl4 - Type of force

Induced dipole-induced dipole (London dispersion)

SO2 - Type of force

Dipole-dipole interaction

LiF - Type of force

Ionic bond

Ca(NO3)2 aqueous solution - Type of force

Ion-dipole force

HF - Type of force

Dipole-dipole force

PCl3 - Type of force

Dipole-dipole force

Mass - Extensive or intensive

Extensive

Length - Extensive or intensive

Extensive

Volume - Extensive or intensive

Extensive

Temperature - Extensive or intensive

Intensive

Pressure - Extensive or intensive

Intensive

Density - Extensive or intensive

Intensive

Viscosity - Extensive or intensive

Intensive

Surface tension - Extensive or intensive

Intensive

Specific gravity - Extensive or intensive

Intensive

Depends on the total distribution of atoms in the molecules (Types of properties of substances)

Additive properties

Depends on the arrangement and on the number and kind of atoms within a molecule (Types of properties of substances)

Constitutive properties

Depends on number of species/particles/solvents in the solution (Types of properties of substances)

Colligative properties

2 major routes of administration

Intravascular, Extravascular

Administered through the blood vessels

Intravascular administration

3 examples of intravascular administration

Intravenous, Intraarterial, Intracardiac

Administered in routes other than the blood vessels

Extravascular administration

Refers to the difference between a physical reaction and a chemical reaction

Composition

Color (Physical or chemical property)

Physical

Smell (Physical or chemical property)

Physical

Freezing point (Physical or chemical property)

Physical

Boiling point (Physical or chemical property)

Physical

Melting point (Physical or chemical property)

Physical

Capacitance (Physical or chemical property)

Physical

Density (Physical or chemical property)

Physical

Volume (Physical or chemical property)

Physical

Mass (Physical or chemical property)

Physical

Viscosity (Physical or chemical property)

Physical

Reactivity (Physical or chemical property)

Chemical

Flammability (Physical or chemical property)

Chemical

Heat of combustion (Physical or chemical property)

Chemical

Oxidation states (Physical or chemical property)

Chemical

Coordination number (Physical or chemical property)

Chemical

Half-life (Physical or chemical property)

Chemical

Freezing liquid mercury (Physical or chemical change)

Physical

Adding yellow to blue to make green (Physical or chemical change)

Physical

Cutting a piece of paper into two pieces (Physical or chemical change)

Physical

Dropping a sliced orange into a vat of sodium hydroxide (Physical or chemical change)

Chemical

Filling a balloon with natural air (Physical or chemical change)

Physical

Shattering glass with a baseball (Physical or chemical change)

Physical

Corroding metal (Physical or chemical change)

Chemical

Fireworks exploding (Physical or chemical change)

Chemical

Lighting a match (Physical or chemical change)

Chemical

Baking a cake (Physical or chemical change)

Chemical

Painting a wall blue (Physical or chemical change)

Physical

A bicycle rusting (Physical or chemical change)

Chemical

Ice cream melting (Physical or chemical change)

Physical

Scratching a key across a desk (Physical or chemical change)

Physical

Making a sand castle (Physical or chemical change)

Physical

Are weak forces that involve displacement of charge; exists in all molecules and atoms

Van der Waals forces

Interaction between two polar molecules; examples include water, ethanol, HCl (gas), and phenol (Type of Van de Waals forces)

Dipole-dipole (Keesom)

Mechanism for dipole-dipole (Keesom) forces

Orientation/Alignment

Interaction between polar and non-polar molecules; examples include ethyl acetate, ether, and methylene chloride (Type of Van de Waals forces)

Dipole-induced dipole (Debye)

Mechanism for dipole-induced dipole (Debye) forces

Induction

Interaction between two non-polar molecules; examples include carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, and hexane (Type of Van de Waals forces)

Induced dipole-induced dipole (London)

Mechanism for induced dipole-induced dipole (London) forces

Dispersion

Binding between similar molecules (Types of intermolecular-binding forces)

Cohesion

Binding between different molecules (Types of intermolecular-binding forces)

Adhesion

Acts to prevent molecules from annihilating each other (Types of intermolecular-binding forces)

Repulsion

Methanol to heptanol are all __________ compounds

Polar

Octanol and other longer compounds are all __________

Nonpolar