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[1ST YEAR] CCP 3 - Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry (Lec) > PRELIM 03 - Nomenclature, Structure, and Stereochemistry > Flashcards

PRELIM 03 - Nomenclature, Structure, and Stereochemistry Flashcards

(99 cards)

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1
Q

Compounds with the same molecular formula

A

Isomers

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2
Q

Different connectivity of atoms

A

Constitutional

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3
Q

Different functional groups

A

Functional

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4
Q

Different positions of functional group

A

Positional

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5
Q

Different carbon skeleton

A

Skeletal

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6
Q

Same connectivity but different spatial orientation of atoms

A

Stereoisomers

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7
Q

Different, non-interconverting spatial arrangement of atoms

A

Configurational

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8
Q

Result from restricted rotation around a double bond or on cyclic alkanes

A

Geometric

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9
Q

Around a chiral carbon

A

Optical

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10
Q

Non-superimposable mirror images

A

Enantiomers

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11
Q

Non-mirror images

A

Diastereomers

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12
Q

Different, interconverting spatial arrangement of atoms, the result of rotation about single bonds; same compound

A

Conformational

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13
Q

Usually uses the name given when it was discovered

A

Common name

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14
Q

Names compound as a derivative of a parent compound

A

Derived name

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15
Q

Most systematic; based on the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms

A

IUAPC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) Name

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16
Q

Where and what are the substituents?

A

Prefix

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17
Q

How many carbons?

A

Parent

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18
Q

Where is the primary functional group?

A

Locant

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19
Q

What is the primary functional group?

A

Suffix

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20
Q

Number of carbon atoms: 11

A

Undec-

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21
Q

Number of carbon atoms: 12

A

Dodec-

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22
Q

Number of carbon atoms: 13

A

Tridec-

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23
Q

Number of carbon atoms: 14

A

Tetradec-

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24
Q

Number of carbon atoms: 15

A

Pentadec-

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25
Number of carbon atoms: 16
Hexadec-
26
Number of carbon atoms: 17
Heptadec-
27
Number of carbon atoms: 18
Octadec-
28
Number of carbon atoms: 19
Nonadec-
29
Number of carbon atoms: 20-
Eicos-
30
Compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen only
Hydrocarbons
31
Open chain (acyclic); can either be a straight chain or branched
Aliphatic
32
Has a closed ring but no aromaticity
Alicyclic
33
Has a benzene ring
Aromatic
34
Contains C-C bonds
Saturated
35
Contains at least one C=C or C≡C bond
Unsaturated
36
Other name for alkanes
Paraffins
37
Paraffin is derived from __________, meaning "slight affinity"
L. parum affinis
38
Found in the waxy coating on cabbage leaves
Nonacosane
39
Found in wood oil of the Jeffrey pine common to the Sierra Nevada mountains of California
Heptane
40
Consists chiefly of methane but also contains ethane, propane, and butane
Natural gas
41
A complex mixture of hydrocarbons that must first be separated into various fractions and then further refined before it can be used
Petroleum
42
Prefix of carboxylic acid
Carboxy
43
Prefix of ester
Alkoxycarbonyl
44
Prefix of amide
Amido
45
Prefix of nitrile
Cyano
46
Prefix of aldehyde (=O)
Oxo
47
Prefix of aldehyde (CH=O)
Formyl
48
Prefix of ketone (=O)
Oxo
49
Prefix of alcohol
Hydroxy
50
Prefix of amine
Amino
51
Prefix of alkene
Alkenyl
52
Prefix of alkyne
Alkynyl
53
Prefix of alkane
Alkyl
54
Prefix of ether
Alkoxy
55
Prefix of alkyl halide
Halo
56
Prefix used for unbranched chains
n (normal)
57
Prefix used for a methyl group attached to the 2nd C
Iso
58
Prefix used for 4 methyl groups attached to one C
Neo
59
Other name for alkenes
Olefins
60
A plant hormones that induces ripening in fruit
Ethylene
61
The major component of turpentine
α-pinene
62
a polyalkene that contains 11 double bonds; the orange pigment responsible for the color of carrots
β-carotene
63
Alkene separated by at least 2 single bonds
Isolated
64
Adjacent alkenes
Cumulative
65
Alkenes that are alternating with single bonds
Conjugated
66
System used for disubstituted alkenes
Cis-Trans system
67
System used for tri- and tetrasubstituted alkenes
E/Z system
68
From the German word 'entgegen', meaning opposite; specifies that groups of higher priority on the carbons of a double bond are on opposite sides
E
69
German word which means opposite
Entgegen
70
From the German word 'zusammen', meaning together; specifies that groups of higher priority on the carbons of a double bond are on the same sides
Z
71
German word which means together
Zusammen
72
Were used to describe fragrant substances; now used to describe cyclic organic compounds with high degree of unsaturation
Aromatic compounds
73
From coal distillate
Benzene
74
From cherries, peaches, and almonds
Benzaldehyde
75
From tolu balsam
Toluene
76
An aromatic hydrocarbon that has 2, 6, 10, 14, 18 or so forth pi electrons satisfies __________
Huckle's criteria for aromaticity
77
A fuel additive, an industrial solvent, and a beverage
Ethanol
78
A general disinfectant, commonly called carbolic acid
Phenol
79
The familiar 'ether' of medical use; frequently used as a reaction solvent
Diethyl ether
80
A characteristic stench made from a thiol
Skunk scent
81
Is a key part of numerous biological processes
Thiol-disulfide interconversion
82
Responsible for fish-like aroma
Trimethylamine
83
An aldehyde that is a coenzyme involved in a large number of metabolic reactions
Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)
84
A steroid hormone w/ ketone group; secreted by the adrenal glands
Cortisol/Hydrocortisone
85
Produced for use in building insulation materials and in the adhesive resins that bind particle board and plywood
Formaldehyde
86
Widely used as an industrial solvent
Acetone
87
The principal organic component of vinegar
Acetic acid
88
Responsible for the rancid odor of sour butter
Butanoic acid
89
Responsible for the aroma of goats and dirty socks
Hexanoic acid/Caproic acid
90
Found in pineapple oil
Methyl butanoate
91
Found in banana oil
Isopentyl acetate
92
A commonly used solvent; plastic balloon odor
Ethyl acetate
93
Used as plasticizers to keep polymers from becoming brittle
Dialkyl phthalates
94
Cyclic ethers with a three-membered ring
Epoxides
95
Sulfur analog of esters
Thioesters/Sulfides
96
Derivatives of ammonia in which one or more hydrogens are replaced by alkyl or aryl groups
Amines
97
Cyclic esters
Lactone
98
Has two acyl groups bonded to an oxygen atom
Acid anhydrides
99
Has no carbonyl group but is treated as carboxylic acid derivatives
Nitriles

[1ST YEAR] CCP 3 - Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry (Lec) (15 decks)

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