PRELIM

Question 1

Branch of medicine and medical imaging that uses a small amount of what we call radio tracers, or radiopharmaceuticals, to diagnose disease and to treat disease, including many types of cancers, heart diseases and certain other abnormalities within the body.​

Answer 1

NUCLEAR MEDICINE

Question 2

Nuclear medicine looks at ________ of the body and of all the organ systems. We can follow the physiological processes as they occur in a living human using these radiopharmaceutical and through use of appropriate imaging system.​

Answer 2

physiology

Question 3

Martin Klaproth discovers Uranium and named it after the planet Uranius​

Answer 3

1979

Question 4

Henri Becquerel uses Uranium and radium to discover alpha and beta rays, type of radiation​

Answer 4

1896

Question 5

who discovered gamma rays

Answer 5

Paul Villard

Question 6

Pierre and Marie Curie first used the word “radiation” to describe the rays they were finding; they also discovered Polonium and radium.​

Answer 6

1989

Question 7

used radiation to kill bacteria in food​ & what year

Answer 7

Samuel Prescott, 1989

Question 8

Ernest Rutherford and Frederick Soddy establishes the theory of Nuclear Reactions (by bombarding alpha and beta particles)​

​

Answer 8

1902- 1919

Question 9

Father of Nuclear Medicine, conceives the idea of radioactive tracers​

Answer 9

1911 – George von Hevesy

Question 10

a Boston physician, first used radioactive tracers to diagnose heart diseases.​

Answer 10

1927 – Herman Blumgart

Question 11

discovery of artificial radioactivity

Answer 11

Frederic Joliot-Curie and Irene Joliot-Curie​; 1934

Question 12

discovery of Fe-59

Answer 12

John Livingwood, Fred Fairbrother, Glenn Seaborge; 1937

Question 13

an artificial element to fill space number 43 in the periodic table​

Answer 13

Technetium 99

Question 14

Technitium 99m discovered by

Answer 14

C. Perrier and E. Segre; 1937

Question 15

The building block of a radiographer’s understanding of interactions between ionizing radiation and matter​

Answer 15

atom

Question 16

Came from the Greek word, “atomos” which means _______

Answer 16

indivisible​

Question 17

Smallest part of an element that has all the properties of that element.​

Answer 17

atom

Question 18

The basic component and the smallest unit of matter​

Answer 18

atom

Question 19

it is neutrally charged because the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons​

Answer 19

atom

Question 20

Central core of an atom​

Answer 20

nucleus

Question 21

Contains nearly all the mass of an atom​

Answer 21

nucleus

Question 22

Positively charged​

Contains the nucleons (protons+neutrons)​

Answer 22

nucleus

Question 23

Composed of electrons, which is negatively charged.​

Answer 23

Orbits / Shells​

Question 24

Positively Charged and has an atomic mass of 1​

Answer 24

Proton

Question 25

no charge or Neutrally charged and has an atomic mass of 1​

Answer 25

neutron

Question 26

negatively charged and the lightest among the subatomic particles​

Answer 26

electron

Question 27

atomic mass of 1/1836 or approximately________

Answer 27

1/2000​

Question 28

the smallest chemical unit of an element or compound that exist independently​

Answer 28

molecule

Question 29

what year: discovery of radioactivity

Answer 29

1896

Question 30

The property of certain nuclides to spontaneously emit radiation in form of alpha, beta, and gamma rays and other nuclear fragments to reach a stable state.​

Answer 30

radioactivity

Question 31

who discovered radioactivity

Answer 31

Antoine Henri Becquerel​

Question 32

SI unit of radioactivity

Answer 32

becquerel (Bq)​

Question 33

1 Bq =

Answer 33

1 dis/s (disintegration per second or dps)​

Question 34

old unit for radioactivity

Answer 34

curie (Ci)

Question 35

coined the term radioactivity and also discovered Polonium and Radium, with the helped of her husband, Pierre Curie​

Answer 35

Marie Curie

Question 36

unstable of emitting radiation spontaneously to reach a more stable state; termed also as radioactive materials​

Answer 36

Radioactive Atoms

Question 37

A fraction or percentage of original number of atoms decaying per unit time​

Answer 37

Decay Disintegration / Transformation Constant​

Question 38

The amount of time taken by the radioactive material (RAM) or radioactive atom to decay to ½ of its original value​ Every RAM has its own unique half life value​

Answer 38

half-life

Question 39

half-life of Tc-99

Answer 39

6hrs

Question 40

half-life of I-131

Answer 40

8 days

Question 41

half-life of I-123

Answer 41

13 hrs

Question 42

half-life of Ra-223

Answer 42

11 days

Question 43

half-life of Ra-226

Answer 43

1620 yrs

Question 44

half-life of Co-60

Answer 44

5.26 yrs

Question 45

half-life of Cs-137

Answer 45

30 yrs

Question 46

half-life of Ir-192

Answer 46

74 days

Question 47

half-life of Sr-90

Answer 47

28 yrs

Question 48

half-life of Mo-99

Answer 48

66 hrs

Question 49

the process wherein the unstable atom (parent) spontaneously emits radiation to reach a more stable state (daughter)​

Answer 49

Radioactive decay

Question 50

is unstable atom or radioactive atom​

Answer 50

parent

Question 51

is a new atom that is already a stable state​

Answer 51

daughter

Question 52

Occurs in heavy nuclides with high atomic number​

Answer 52

Alpha Emission/Decay (α-decay)​

Question 53

It resembles the Helium (He) element​

Answer 53

Alpha Emission/Decay (α-decay)​

Question 54

relative charge of alpha is ___ and a mass of _____

Answer 54

2, 4

Question 55

has low penetrating power and most harmful internally and less harmful externally.​ it can be stopped by a piece of paper or cloth.​

Answer 55

alpha radiation

Question 56

The relative charge of -1 and a mass of 0.​

Answer 56

Beta Decay/ Emission

Question 57

has a moderate energy and it can be stopped by approximately 0.5mm aluminum or lead.​

Answer 57

Beta Decay/ Emission

Question 58

This occurs when there are too many neutrons.​ It occurs when a radioactive nuclide with high Neutron and Proton ratio disintegration​ This particle emitted is a negatively charge high speed electron which originated in the nucleus.​ This electrons results from the conversion of the excess neutron into proton.​

Answer 58

negatron emission

Question 59

It occurs when the radioactive nuclide with an excess of Proton disintegrates​ The particle emitted is positively charged electron which comes from the nucleus​ This results from the transformation of the excess proton to a neutron​ With Positron emitter, the parent nucleus gives up positive charge resulting in a daughter less positive by one unit of charge.​ The atomic number decrease by one and the mass number remains unchanged.​

Answer 59

Positron Emission or Beta Positive emission

Question 60

Excited state element​ Radionuclide that yields another nuclide during disintegration​ Long-lived radionuclide​

Answer 60

parent nuclide

Question 61

Ground state element​ Element that results from the radioactive decay of a parent element.​ Short-lived radionuclide​ ​

Answer 61

daughter nuclide

Question 62

Have high penetrating power and it can be stopped by several centimeters of lead.

Answer 62

gamma rays and x-rays

Question 63

originates from the nucleus​

Answer 63

gamma ray

Question 64

originates from the electrons​

Answer 64

x-ray

Question 65

originate from the nucleus​

Answer 65

beta particles

Question 66

originate from the e- clouds.​

Answer 66

electrons

Question 67

is the nuclear medicine laboratory technique for measuring trace amount of substances in the blood. (substances being measured with RIA are the least 1000 times less)

Answer 67

Radioimmunoassay (RIA)

Question 68

- for brain, liver, lung, bone, kidney, heart, thyroid, and other organs for detection of a tumor. Whole body imaging for the detection of metastases.

Answer 68

Imaging studies

Question 69

are thyroid uptake to determine thyroid function, renography for the investigation renal function, and blood volume measurement.

Answer 69

Non-imaging studies

Question 70

It uses a small amount of radioactive material

Answer 70

unsealed source

Question 71

means “open”

Answer 71

“Unsealed”

Question 72

it evaluates the function of the organ

Answer 72

Nuclear Medicine

Question 73

Two Classes of Nuclear Medicine Imaging

Answer 73

Single Photon Imaging Positron Imaging

Question 74

2 General Components of radiopharmaceutical

Answer 74

Radionuclide Pharmaceutical

Question 75

Are medicinal products designed for the use in the investigation or treatment of human diseases.

Answer 75

Radiopharmaceuticals

Question 76

Contain “radionuclide” as an integral part of the main ingredient.

Answer 76

Radiopharmaceuticals

Question 77

Are administered to a human subjects usually by intravenous injection.

Answer 77

Radiopharmaceuticals

Question 78

-The atoms involved and the only nuclei that undergo radioactive decay -Emits gamma ray as it decays This is tagged to a radiopharmaceutical

Answer 78

Radionuclide

Question 79

-Any chemical substances intended for use in medical diagnosis, cure treatment or prevention of disease. -Carries the radionuclide to the organ being examined. -This is chosen in the basis of its preferential localization or participation in the physiological function of a given organ. -Produces gamma-ray emission from within the organ is being studied.

Answer 79

Pharmaceuticals/Tracer