PRELIM

Question 1

A branch of optometry that deals with vision care services provided to athletes.

Answer 1

Sports vision

Question 2

maximizes visual functioning, so the patient can achieve their visual goals and improve the quality of their life

Answer 2

Vision rehabilitation

Question 3

focuses on heightening an athlete’s visual abilities within their sport.

Answer 3

Vision training

Question 4

a personalized program designed to treat conditions such as, amblyopia, strabismus, binocular dysfunctions, and vision-related learning problems, using eye exercises to improve their visual skills.

Answer 4

Vision therapy

Question 5

it prevent vision and eye problems from developing or deteriorating

Answer 5

Behavioral optometry

Question 6

Ensure the visual abilities needed in the classroom, workplace, when playing sports, and using computers

Answer 6

Behavioral optometry

Question 7

The deriving of meaning and direction of action as triggered by light

Answer 7

Vision

Question 8

Acquired through movement and exploration

Answer 8

Vision

Question 9

Father of behavioral optometry

Answer 9

Dr. Arthur Skeffington

Question 10

Answers the question, “where am I”

Answer 10

Anti gravity

Question 11

The ability of the body to develop into an upright/vertical position and gain balance

Answer 11

Anti gravity

Question 12

orienting force we’re exposed to when we’re born; gives us a reference point of space

Answer 12

Gravity

Question 13

Answers the question “where is it”

Answer 13

Centering

Question 14

Ability of a person to locate where he/she is located in space, through the use of the eyes and body

Answer 14

Centering

Question 15

Provides the awareness of “me – it” relationships that come from movement through space

Answer 15

Centering

Question 16

Answers the question “what is it”

Answer 16

Identification

Question 17

through past experiences

Answer 17

Identification

Question 18

how we use language to communicate our experiences to others and to understand what they tell us

Answer 18

Speech/auditory

Question 19

States that vision enables individuals to gather, analyze, process, store, and respond to light information.

Answer 19

Dr. Gerald N. Getman

Question 20

Getman’s Hierarchy of Vision

Answer 20

Innate response system
General motor
Special motor
Ocular motor
Speech motor
Visualization
Visual perceptual organizations

Question 21

Involuntary motor responses originating in the brainstem present after birth in early child development that facilitate survival

Answer 21

Primitive reflexes

Question 22

Primitive fight of flight reaction

Answer 22

Moro reflex

Question 23

Automatic response to turn towards food

Answer 23

Rooting reflex

Question 24

Often called as startle reflex

Answer 24

Moro reflex

Question 25

Moro reflex/startle reflex lasts until

Answer 25

2 mos.

Question 26

Teach us how to use our body for a short period of time until we develop concious control to make those movements ourself.

Answer 26

Primitive reflexes

Question 27

Three visual pathways

Answer 27

Parvocellular Magnocellular Koniocellular

Question 28

Pathway that originates in occipital cortex

Answer 28

Parvocellular pathway

Question 29

Pathways that originates in the midbrain

Answer 29

Magnocellular pathway

Question 30

Mostly central vision, attention, concentration

Answer 30

Parvocellular

Question 31

Slow speed processing

Answer 31

Parvocellular

Question 32

Rapid speed processing

Answer 32

Magnocellular

Question 33

What? Visual pathway

Answer 33

Parvocellular

Question 34

Where and How? Visual Pathway

Answer 34

Magnocellular

Question 35

Responsible for posture and balance

Answer 35

Magnocellular

Question 36

Contribute to brightness contrast information and colour contrast in species with color vision

Answer 36

Koniocellular pathway

Question 37

Balances information between parvo and magno

Answer 37

Koniocellular

Question 38

Route responsible to integrating visual input with auditory, somatic sensory, and tactile input

Answer 38

Magno SC

Question 39

Responsible for creating motor plans, calculate movement, speed, strength, and direction

Answer 39

Magno dorsal

Question 40

17 visual skills

Answer 40

Eye Movement Control Simultaneous focus at far Sustaining focus at far Simultaneous focus at near Sustaining focus at near Simultaneous alignment at far Sustaining alignment at far Simultaneous focus at near Sustaining alignment at near Central vision Peripheral vision Depth awareness Color perception Gross visual motor Fine visual motor Visual perception Visual integration

Question 41

ability to move both eyes together to point at an intended target or follow along a path

Answer 41

Eye movement control

Question 42

Forming a clear image of something in the distance

Answer 42

Simultaneous focus at far

Question 43

Keeping an image of something in the distance clear

Answer 43

Sustaining focus at far

Question 44

Forming a clear image of something close to the eyes

Answer 44

Simultaneous focus at near

Question 45

Keeping a clear image of something close to the eyes

Answer 45

Sustaining focus at near

Question 46

Lining up both eyes at the same point at distance

Answer 46

Simultaneous alignment at far

Question 47

Holding both eyes lined up at the same point in the distance

Answer 47

Sustaining alignment at far

Question 48

Lining up both eyes at the same point at distance

Answer 48

Simultaneous alignment at far

Question 49

Lining up both eyes at the same point up close

Answer 49

Sustaining alignment at near

Question 50

Holding both eyes lined up at the same point up close

Answer 50

Sustaining alignment at near

Question 51

20/20 vision

Answer 51

Central vision

Question 52

Able to see whats on either side of you while your eyes pointed forward

Answer 52

Peripheral vision

Question 53

Able to tell that things are further away or closer up than each other

Answer 53

Depth awareness

Question 54

Able to distinguish colors

Answer 54

Color perception

Question 55

Moving yourself through space without bumping into things by using information from your vision

Answer 55

Gross visual motor

Question 56

Writing, sewing, texting, and doing other small and close-up activities with accuracy

Answer 56

Fine-visual motor

Question 57

Aware of your environment and what is going on around you in your visual field

Answer 57

Visual perception

Question 58

Bringing together your vision and your other senses to accomplish complex tasks

Answer 58

Visual integration

Question 59

Visual skills performed under dynamic conditions

Answer 59

Gaze stability Oculomotor skills Accommodation Vergence Fusion and alignment of eyes Strength and visual stamina Dynamic stereopsis Visual integration

Question 60

What happens when athlete performs with deficient visual skills?

Answer 60

Information processing compromised Unable to direct body action Anomalous perception Poor coordination Poor timing Performance suffer Affect skills development

Question 61

Ability to interpret, recognize, discriminate, recall, and make meaning of what we see

Answer 61

Visual perception

Question 62

A set of skills we use to gather visual information from the environment and integrate them with our other senses

Answer 62

Visual information processing

Question 63

The brain’s ability to make sense of what are the eyes see

Answer 63

Visual perceptual skills

Question 64

7 categories of visual perceptual skills

Answer 64

Visual spatial relations, sequential memory, visual discrimination, form constancy, visual memory, visual closure, and visual figure-ground

Question 65

The ability to identify the position of two or more visual stimuli in relation to oneself or in relation to each other

Answer 65

Visual spatial relations

Question 66

Ability to remember and recall a sequence of visual images such as letters, numbers, images, and symbols in a correct order

Answer 66

Sequential memory

Question 67

Ability to identify differences and similarities between two or more visual stimuli by analyzing their individual characteristics and distinctive features

Answer 67

Visual discrimination

Question 68

Ability to know that a form or shape is the same, despite the changes in presentation whether it has been rotated, made smaller/larger, or observed from up close or far away

Answer 68

Form constancy

Question 69

Ability to remember what is seen for immediate recall

Answer 69

Visual memory

Question 70

Ability to recognize any given stimulus from an incomplete presentation

Answer 70

Visual closure

Question 71

Ability to locate and identify shapes and objects embedded in a busy visual environment

Answer 71

Visual figure-ground