Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Intro To Opto > Prelim And Mid term Exam > Flashcards

Prelim And Mid term Exam Flashcards

(79 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

A type ametropia where the cornea and crytalline lens have incorrect power

A

REFRACTIVE AMETROPIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A TYPE OF AMETROPIA WHERE LIGHT PASSES THROUGH THE DIFFERENT MEDIA OF THE EYE FORMING A FOCAL POINT BEHIND IN THE RETINA

A

HYPEROPIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A TYPE OF ASTIGMATISM WHERE BOTH FOCAL POINTS BEHIND THE RETINA

A

Compound hyperopic astigmatism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A TYPE OF ASTIGMATISM WHERE ONE FOCAL POINT IS ON THE RETINA and the other is in front of the retina

A

SIMPLE MYOPIC ASTIGMATISM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

It is a process where the powers Of the eyes refracting components adjust to compensate the child growth

A

EMMETROPIZATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ANOTHER TERM OF PRESBYOPIA

A

Short arm syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

AT WHAT AGE DOES PRESBYOPIA USUALLY OCCUR

A

40 Years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A VISION TEST that determines your best visual acuity with corrective lenses lenght

A

COMBINED AXIAL AMETROPIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Give atleast 2 optometric managements for presbyopia patients.

A

READING EYEGLASSES, REFRACTION, VISION TESTING, CONTACTS AND SURGERY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

AT WHAT AGE DOES A CHILD HAVE 20/20

A

3 yrs old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

At what age does the child’s accommodation develop with good visual acuity

A

3 yrs old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A REFRACTIVE ERROR WHERE THE INCIDENT RAYS OF LIGHT DO NOT COME TO A FOCUS ON THE RETINA

A

AMETROPIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

At birth the eyes are not _________
with each other but act as _______ _______sense organs

A

Associated
Two independent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In new born first sign of the development of _______ appears when the eyes________

A

Fixation reflex
Follow the light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

At the age of ________ the eyes follow large object

A

2 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The foveas are not fully formed until the _______ of life

A

3rd month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

At _____ months they hold object

A

3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

At the age of _____ fixates at an Object for one or two minutes

A

6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

At birth vision is no greater than 5/200 (Subnormal Va) the eye is Normally _______because the ______are not fully developed

A

HYPEROPHIC
CILIARY MUSCLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

At the age of 20/70

A

1 yr old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

At the age of 20/20

A

3 yrs old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Becomes fully developed from one to one and half years of life

A

Fusional mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Accomodations Develops with sharpening of visual acuity at the age of

A

3 yrs old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

At 3 months of age the eyes start to follow large objects

A

2months-False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
At the age of 6months the child fixates at an object for one and two minutes
True
26
Emmetropia is a refractive status where light coming from infinity passes through the different media of the eye forming a circle of least confusion in front of retina
False
27
Ametropia is a refractive status where light coming from infinity passes through the different media of the eye forming a circle of least confusion on the retina
False
28
Full term baby born has a high incidence of myopia
False
29
HYPEROPIA is a rare birth
False
30
Static refraction is used to determine the power of the eye through the different media of the eye forming at least 2 focal points called presbyopia
False
31
Lasik means
Laser assisted in situ keratomileusis
32
LASEk MEANS
Laser subepithelial keratomileusis
33
PRK
Photorefractive keratectomy
34
ISCR
Intrastroma corneal ring
35
Icr
Intra corneal ring
36
Phakic IOL'S
Phakic intraocular lenses
37
Rk
Radial keratotomy
38
-For high degree of myopia (up to 20D) -THE EPITHELIUM IS REMOVED AND THEN A POCKET IS FASHIONED UNDER THE EDGE OF THE REMAINING EPITHELIUM & INTO THIS IS INSERTED THE CRYOLATHED DONOR HOMOGRAFT. -preserved material can also be used
EPI-KERA-TO-PHAKIA
39
-short sightedness -myopia is a greek word "close the eyes" -parellel rays of the light coming from infinity are focused in front of retina ACCOMMODATION IS AT REST
MYOPIA
40
Mechanism of production
Axial Curvatural Index Myopia due to excessive accommodation
41
OPTICS OF MYOPIA
-Far point in finite -emmetropic eye is infinity -higher myopic the shorter the distance -if far point is 1METER there is 1 DIOPTER OF MYOPIA
42
Accommodation need not develop normally resulting in
Convergence insufficiency EXOPHORIA
43
TYPES OF CLASSIFICATION
Clinical classification Degree of myopia Age of onset
44
DEGREE OF MYOPIA
Low myopia (<3 d) Medium myopia (3-6d) High myopia (>6 d)
45
AGE OF ONSET
-Congenital myopia -young onset myopia (20 yrs old) -early adult onset myopia(20-40yrs old) Late adult onset myopia (>40 yrs old)
46
CLINICAL CLASSIFICATION
Congenital myopia Simple myopia Nocturnal myopia Degenerative myopia Pseudo myopia Induced myopia
47
-Premature babies -marfan syndrome -increase axial length -increase overall globe size -since birth diagnosed 2-3 yrs -if unilateral as anisometropia it may develop amblyopia, strabimus. -usually 8d-10d remain constant -bilateral difficulty in distant vision hold things
Congenital myopia
48
Associated condition
-Convergent squint -cataract -aniridia -megalocornea
49
Associated condition management
Early correction is desirable Early full correction desirable Poor prognosis
50
-Physiological error not associated with any disease of the eye Etiology: - normal biological variation in development of eye -inheritance
Simple myopia
51
Associated factors of simple myopia
-Role of diet
52
Clinical picture
-rarely present at birth -rather born hypermetropic,become myopic -begin 7-10 years stabilizing around mid teens -usually around 5D never exceeds 8D
53
Symptoms of simple myopia
-poor vision for distance -convergence weakness,exophoria,suppression -excessive accommodation inducing ciliary spasm and artificially increasing the amount of myopia -psychological outlook
54
Sign of simple myopia
-large prominent -deep anterior chamber -usually doesn't exceed 6-8D -normal fundus rarely crescent
55
Rapidly progressive associated with changes in the eye
Pathological degenerative myopia
56
Growth of the eye ball outside the normal biological variations of development
Rapid axial
57
Etiology of pathological degenerative myopia
Rapid axial growth Rapid of hereditary Role of growth process
58
Genetic factors- general growth process
More growth retina Stretching sclera Increase axial length Degenerative of choroid Degenerative of retina Degenerative of vitreous
59
Symptoms of degenerative myopia
-Defective vision -muscae volintates/ floating black opacities
60
Another term of floating black opacities
MUSCAE VOLITANTES
61
Eye large prominent eyes stimulating
EXOPHTHALMOS
62
_____ show opacities at the posterior pole due to aberration of ________ ________ may also occur
LENS OVERSTRETCHING ANTERIOR DISLOCATION
63
Vitreous degeneration,vitreous liquefaction, vitreous detachment present as
Weiss reflex
64
Sclera thinning resulting in formation of
STAPHYLOMA
65
Visual field defects show contraction and in some ring present
SCOTOMAS
66
Myopic crescent situated nasally and supertraction of the retina temporally
Inverse crescent
67
Myopic crescent
-retinal detachment -posterior staphyloma -retinal holes -tesselated fundus -macula foster musch flesk
68
3 crescent
Myopic crescent Supertraction of the retina Choroid crescent
69
Optical treatment
-Appropriate concave lenses -minimum acceptance providing maximum vision
70
Defect should never be overcorrected and advised for constant use to avoid squinting and develop a normal accommodation convergence reflex
LOW DEGREES OF MYOPIA (UP TO -6D) IN YOUNG SUBJECTS
71
RECEIVING SPECTACLE FOR THE FIRST TIME HAVE CILIARY MUSCLE THAT ARE UNACCUSTOMED TO ACCOMODATE EFFIENCTLY SO THAT LENS OF SLIGHTLY POWER 1 OR 2 D MAY BE PRESCRIBED FOR READING ESPECIALLY IF ENGAGED IN TO ANY GREATER EXTENT. ABOVE THE 40YRS WHEN ACCOMMODATION FAILS PHYSIOLOGICALLY A WEAKER GLASS FOR NEAR WORK IS ESSENTIAL
Low degrees of myopia up to -6d In adults
72
-involves direct laser ablation of corneal stroma after removal of corneal epithelium mechanically or using a laser beam - FOR MYOPIC A LARGE AMOUNT OF ABLATION IS DONE IN CENTRAL CORNEA THAN IN THE PERIPHERY -give good results for 2D TO 6D OF MYOPIA
PHOTOREFRACTIVE KERATECTOMY
73
Lasek indications
Low myopia Irregular astigmatism Thin corneal pachymetry Glaucoma suspect
74
Method can be used to correct both myopia and hypermetropia
Phakic intraocular lenses
75
Phakic IOL TYPES:
Pc iol Angle supported iol Iris claw lens
76
It results in a vaulting effect that flattens the central cornea decreasing the myopia
INTRA CORNEAL RING IMPLANTATION
77
These incision healing flatten the central cornea thereby reducing its refractive power
RADIAL KERATOTOMY
78
Types of ametropia
Myopia Hyperopia Astigmatism
79
Astigmatism can be detected and measured with
Refraction Vision testing Corneal topography Keratotomy

Intro To Opto (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions