Prelim Chapter 3 The Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

Nervous System
•Central Nervous System (CNS) - the brain the spinal cord
•Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - neuronal tissues outside the CNS

Answer 1

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Question 2

•largely concerned with consciously controlled functions such as movement, respiration, and posture

Answer 2

Somatic Nervous System

Question 3

•ANS
•largely independent (autonomous) in that its activities are not under direct conscious control
•concerned primarily with visceral functions such as cardiac output, bloodflow to various organs, and digestion, which are necessary for life

Answer 3

Autonomic Nervous System

Question 4

Both systems have afferent (sensory) inputs that provide information regarding the internal and external environments and modify motor output through reflex arcs of varying size and complexity

In the NS, chemical transmission occurs between nerve cells and between nerve cells and their effector cells. Chemical transmission takes place through the release of small amounts of transmitter substances from the nerve terminals into the synaptic cleft.

Answer 4

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Question 5

Sympathetic Nervous System

Sympathetic Outflow: Thoraco-Lumbar
Location of the Preganglionic Neuron (PN): Near to the Spinal Cord
Length of PN: Shorter
Location of Ganglion: Near the Spinal Cord
Length of Postganglionic Neuron: Longer
Neurotransmitter at Ganglion: Acetylcholine
Neurotransmitter at Postganglionic Neuron: Norepinephrine

Question 6

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Sympathetic Outflow: Cranio-Sacral
(C III, VII, IX, X)
Location of the Preganglionic Neuron (PN): Near to the Spinal Cord
Length of PN: Longer
Location of Ganglion: Far from Spinal Cord
Length of Postganglionic Neuron: Shorter
Neurotransmitter at Ganglion: Acetylcholine
Neurotransmitter at Postganglionic Neuron: Acetylcholine

Answer 6

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Question 7

Chemical Signaling Between Cells

Answer 7

Hormones
Local mediator
Neurotransmitter

Question 8

secreted by specialized endocrine cells into the bloodstream, where they travel throughout the body, exerting effects on broadly distributed target cells.

Answer 8

Hormones

Question 9

histamine and prostaglandin is an example of

Answer 9

Locate mediator