Prelim Exam - (Previous batch) Flashcards
1
Q
Cell transport used by antibodies to pass via the placenta from mother to child?
A
Transcytosis
2
Q
Newly endocytosed particles become
A
Early endosomes
3
Q
Which of the following cartilage is avascular?
A
Hyaline cartilage, Fibrocartilage, Elastic cartilage
4
Q
Makes tissues distinguishable?
A
Staining
5
Q
Removes water/ascending concentration of alcohol?
A
Dehydration
6
Q
Chemicals used for protein cross linking?
A
Fixative
7
Q
Seperates connective tissue from epithelium?
A
Basal lamina/basement membrane
8
Q
Use microtome is in what process of tissue preparation?
A
Sectioning
9
Q
Intervertebral disc is what type of cartilage?
A
Fibrocartilage
10
Q
What stain is used in DNA?
A
Feulgen stain
11
Q
Trachea lining epithelium?
A
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
12
Q
Beta oxidation occurs in?
A
Peroxisomes (if LCFA; oxidation of other FA occurs in Mitochondria)
13
Q
Binds both Lamin A and Lamin B?
A
Emerin
14
Q
Not acidic dye?
A
Pyronin G (together with toluidine blue, methyl green, methylene blue)
15
Q
What type of cartilage is the Eustachian tube?
A
Elastic cartilage (E=E)
16
Q
Most widely used to view histological slide?
A
Brightfield microscope
17
Q
Greatest resolving power?
A
AFM (Atomic force microscope > TEM > SEM > Light microscope)
18
Q
Restriction checkpoint occurs in?
A
G1
19
Q
Interacts with inner nuclear membrane?
A
Nuclear lamina
20
Q
Results in 4 haploid daughter cells?
A
Meiosis
21
Q
Protects chromosomes during cell division?
A
Telomeres
22
Q
G2 number of chromosomes?
A
46 (92 if number of CHROMATIDS ang question)
23
Q
Stays in Go
A
Nerve cells (also skeletal. Cardiac and smooth rarely divides)
24
Q
Crossing over occurs in what phase of prophase 1?
A
Pachytene (while chiasmata occur in diplotene)
25
Homologous chromosomes pair up
Meiosis (pair-up then cross-over of genetic material)
26
No crossing over
Mitosis
27
Somatic cell division?
Mitosis (while meiosis is in sex cell division)
28
Division that produces 4 daughter cells?
Meosis
29
Cell swelling and lysis?
Necrosis
30
Plasma membrane blebbing?
Apoptosis
31
Physiological death?
Apoptosis
32
Random DNA fragmentation?
Necrosis (DNA Fragmentation by endonuclease is in Apoptosis)
33
Transport substance that converts ADP to ATP?
Pumps (example, Na-K ATPase)
34
Serves as receptor, pump, channel and linker proteins?
Integral protein
35
Transports substances from higher to lower concentration with the aid of channel but no energy consumption?
Facilitated diffusion
36
Fate of substances processed by endocytosis, except?
Ligand is recycled and receptor is degraded/breakdown (because it is the receptor that is recycled afterwards)
37
Component of the lysosomal membrane that restricts its digestion by enzymes
Lysobisphosphatidic acid
38
Acetyl CoA and ETC are found in?
Mitochondrial matrix and inner membrane
39
Type of cartilage that is highly vascularized?
a. Hyaline cartilage
b. Elastic cartilage
c. Fibrocartilage
d. None of the above
d. none of the above
40
Eustachian cartilage?
a. Hyaline cartilage
b. Elastic cartilage
c. Fibrocartilage
b. Elastic cartilage (E=E)
41
Cartilage type with Lacunae?
a. Hyaline cartilage
b. Elastic cartilage
c. Fibrocartilage
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
42
Unicellular exocrine cell?
a. Goblet cell
b. Sertoli cell
c. Basket cell
a. Goblet cell (the others are ENDOCRINE)
43
Apical region of epithelial cells usually have?
Micovilli (may also have cilia, stereocilia)
44
Fate of internalized ligand complexed, except:
a. Receptor is recycled and ligand degraded
b. Receptor is degraded and ligand is recycled
c. Both are recycled
d. Both are degraded
b. Receptor is degraded and ligand is recycled
45
Lysosomes eats mitochondria?
Macroautophagy
46
True about transitional epithelium
Appears round on apical surface
* The lining of the bladder is transitional epithelium. Epithelium lines
body cavities and surfaces. There are domed shaped cells on the apical
surface.
47
Stain used for Glycogen?
PAS (Periodic Acid Schiff)
48
Carbohydrate stain?
PAS
49
Use of paraffin?
Embedding
50
Preparation in light and electron microscope?
Similar methods except that it requires finer methods.
51
Light microscope is useful for?
Useful for living cells
52
Active transport thru use of?
Pumps
53
Diffusion of ions with the use of proteins?
Facilitated diffusion
54
Binds both Lamin A and Lamin B?
Emerin
55
Membranous organelles, Except?
Microtubule
56
Major part of cell membrane, has tails and heads?
Phospholipid
57
Present in lipid rafts, affects fluidity?
Cholesterol
58
Can function as transport, pumps, carriers, receptors, etc?
Integral proteins
59
Area of higher to lower concentrations with use of carrier?
Facilitated diffusion
60
Mediates liberation of vesicle from plasma membrane?
Dynamin
61
Sort out and recycle proteins internalized from endocytic pathways?
Endosomes
62
All are true of the fate of substances processed by endosomes, except:
ligand is recycled, receptor is degraded
63
Prohydrolase enzymes are bound by ___ which cause them to be
| Internalized by late endosomes
Mannose 6 Phosphate (M6P)
64
Lysosomal membrane contains ____ which protects it from enzyme degradation
Lysobisphosphatidic acid
65
```
Glycoprotein coat components protecting lysosomes from hydrolytic
enzymes, except:
A. LAMP
B. LIMP
C. LUPS
D. LGP
```
LUPS
66
Has the most concentration of H+ (more acidic)
Lysosomes (>late endosomes > multivesicular bodies> early endosomes)
67
Degradation of mitochondria
Macroautophagy
68
Acetyl coA and kreb cycle occurs in
Mitochondrial matrix and inner membrane
69
Gene in DNA copied to mRNA
Transcription (Translation is from mRNA to protein)
70
True: smooth endoplasmic reticulum: alcohol and drug metabolism
____ :Modifies and packages proteins from RER
Golgi apparatus
71
B-oxidation occurs in:
Peroxisomes (if long chain fatty acids)
72
Inner nuclear membrane associated with
Nuclear lamina
73
Outer nuclear membrane associated/continuous with
Rough ER
74
Substances must have what in order to enter nucleus
Nuclear localization signal (NLS)
75
Is numerous in cells such as adipose tissues:
Smooth ER
76
Protects chromosomes during cell division and shortens every cell
division:
Telomeres
77
Cell division in muscle and white blood cells:
Mitosis
78
Restriction point occurs at:
G1
79
G0 phase cell
Nerve cell
80
Number of chromosomes at G2:
46 (92 if # of CHROMATIDS or DNA CONTENT ang question)
81
Production of mitotic spindles and condensation of chromosomes
Prophase
82
Alignment of chromosomes
Metaphase
83
Crossing over of chromosome pairs
Pachytene
84
Each sperm and egg contains
23 Chromosomes
85
Four daughter cells produced:
Meiosis
86
Accidental death
Necrosis
87
Change in pH, temp, O2
Necrosis
88
Cell swelling and lysis
Necrosis
89
Random dna fragmentation
Necrosis
90
cell blebbing
Apoptosis
91
Mainly functions for support
A) epithelium
B) connective tissue
C) muscle
D) nervous
B) connective tissue
92
Forms the muscles, bones, connective tissue:
A) endoderm
B) mesoderm
C) ectoderm
B) mesoderm
93
Embryonic tissue
Mesenchyme
94
Primarily parallel arranged collagen fibers
Dense regular CT
95
Cartilage in intervertebral disks
Fibrocartilage
96
Transitional epithelium
Round on apical surface, flat at basal
97
Epithelium lining the cavities and viscera
Mesothelium
98
Low pressure junctions
Gap junctions
99
Apical surface features
Microvilli/cilia
100
Feulgen stain:
DNA
101
Not acid stain:
Pyronin G
102
widely used microscope in histo:
Brightfield
103
Makes transparent tissues distinguishable
Staining
104
Causes cross linking of proteins
Fixation
105
Separates epithelium from underlying connective tissue:
Basal lamina
106
Uses microtome
Sectioning
107
Trachea lining:
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
108
Surface projections present on epididymis
Stereocilia
