PRELIM L1: WBC DEVELOPMENT, KINETICS, AND FUNCTIONS

Question 1

reference interval for total wbc count

Answer 1

4.5 x 10^9/L-11.5 x 10^9/L

Question 2

two forms of neutrophils

Answer 2

band and segmented

Question 3

T or F:
segmented neutrophils make up the majority of circulating wbcs

Answer 3

T

Question 4

neutrophils share a common progenitor with what wbc

Answer 4

monocyte

Question 5

common progenitor of neutrophils and monocytes

Answer 5

granulocyte-monocyte progenitor (GMP)

Question 6

major cytokine responsible for the stimulation of neutrophil production

Answer 6

granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)

Question 7

three pools neutrophil development in the bone marrow

Answer 7

stem cell pool
proliferation (mitotic) pool
maturation (storage pool)

Question 8

stem cell pool consists what kind of cells

Answer 8

HSCs

Question 9

proliferation pool consists what kind of cells

Answer 9

dividing cells

Question 10

order of maturation of cells in the proliferation pool

Answer 10

CMPs>GMPs>myeloblast>promyeloblasts>myelocytes

Question 11

maturation pool consists what kind of cells

Answer 11

metamyelocytes, band neutrophils, segmented neutrophils

Question 12

T or F:
HSCs, CMPs, and GMPS can be distinguished using a Romanowsky stain

Answer 12

F
they are indistinguishable

Question 13

how can HSCs, CMPs, and GMPs be identified

Answer 13

surface antigen detection by flow cytometry

Question 14

other term for colony-forming units (CFU)

Answer 14

colony-forming units-granulocyte, erythrocyte, monocyte, and megakaryocyte (CFU-GEMMs)

Question 15

what do HSCs, CMPs, and GMPs resemble under Romanowsky staining

Answer 15

early type 1 myeloblasts or lymphoid cells

Question 16

myeloblasts make up how many percent of the nucleated cells in the bone marrow

Answer 16

0-3%

Question 17

size of myeloblasts

Answer 17

14-20 um in diameter

Question 18

how many subdivision do myeloblasts have

Answer 18

3: type I, II, and III

Question 19

N:C ration of type I myeloblast

Answer 19

8:1-4:1

Question 20

characteristics of type I myeloblast

Answer 20

slightly basophilic cytoplasm, fine nuclear chromatin, two to four visible nucleoli, no visible granules

Question 21

what type of myeloblast do azurophilic granules start to appear

Answer 21

type II

Question 22

number of azurophilic granules in type II myeloblast

Answer 22

<20 per cell

Question 23

characteristics of type III myeloblast

Answer 23

darker chromatin, purple cytoplasm, >20 granules per cell

Question 24

what does the presence of type III myeloblast indicate

Answer 24

acute myeloid leukemia (should be rare in bm)

Question 25

term proposed for combined type II and type III blasts because of them being indistinguishable

Answer 25

granular blasts

Question 26

percent of promyelocytes in the bone marrow

Answer 26

1-5%

Question 27

size of promyelocytes

Answer 27

16-25 um in diameter

Question 28

characteristics of promyelocyte

Answer 28

round, eccentric nucleus; paranuclear halo ("hof"); basophilic cytoplasm full of azurophilic granules; 1-3 nucleoli

Question 29

what are seen in normal promyelocytes but are absent in malignant promyelocytes of acute promyelocytic leukemia

Answer 29

paranuclear halo or "hof"

Question 30

difference in nucleus of myeloblast and promyelocyte

Answer 30

visible chromatin clumping (heterchromatin)

Question 31

percent of myelocytes that make up the nucleated cells in the bm

Answer 31

6-17%

Question 32

final cell stage where mitosis occurs

Answer 32

myelocyte

Question 33

stage where primary granules production starts to cease, and secondary granules are manufactured

Answer 33

myelocyte

Question 34

what cell stage does dawn of neutrophilia occur

Answer 34

myelocyte

Question 35

color of cytoplasm of myelocytes

Answer 35

lavender-pink

Question 36

color of secondary neutrophilic granules

Answer 36

pale pink

Question 37

characteristics of late myelocyte

Answer 37

smaller than promyelocytes (15-18 um); more intense nuclear heterochromatin, nucleoli are difficult to see

Question 38

percent of metamyelocytes that make up the nucleated cells of bm

Answer 38

3-20%

Question 39

characteristics of metamyelocytes

Answer 39

indented nucleus; increasingly clumped chromatin; absent nucleoli; size is slightly smaller than metamyelocyte (14-16 um); little residual of RNA (little basophilia)

Question 40

percent of bands that make up the nucleated marrow cells in bm

Answer 40

9-32%

Question 41

percent of bands that make up the nucleated peripheral blood cells

Answer 41

0-5%

Question 42

all evidence of RNA is absent at this neutrophil stage

Answer 42

bands

Question 43

stage where secretory granules (secretory vesicles) may begin to form

Answer 43

bands

Question 44

size of nuclear indentation in band neutrophils

Answer 44

>1/2 the diameter

Question 45

requirement for a band to become a segmented neutrophil

Answer 45

filament between segments must be visible