Preliminaries

Question 1

Define a p-value

Answer 1

A p-value is defined as the probability that you observe a test statistic as extreme (or more extreme) than the one you observed, given that the null hypothesis is true.

Question 2

Describe a one-sample t test

Answer 2

There is a single sample and we want to test whether or not the population mean µ = some specified number k

Question 3

Describe a two-sample t test

Answer 3

There are two samples from independent populations. We are testing whether or not they have the same population mean

Question 4

State the assumption necessary for a two-sample t test

Answer 4

We assume the two samples come from normal distributions, have the same variance and all observations are independent.

Question 5

State the assumption necessary for a one-sample t test

Answer 5

We assume the sample comes from a normal distribution and all observations are independent

Question 6

Briefly describe what a small p value gives evidence for

Answer 6

A small p value gives evidence against the null hypothesis