Prelims Flashcards
1
Q
History came from the greek word _, meaning _.
A
Historia, which means learning by inquiry
2
Q
It is the act of questioning and seeking for answers through scientific investigation
A
Inquiry
3
Q
Kasaysayan is rooted in the words _ and _, which means _.
A
Salaysay - narrative
Saysay - meaning
4
Q
It is defined as the account of past events
A
History
5
Q
This kind of history answers to what, who, and when questions; it is the vis-a-vis of events
A
Factual history
6
Q
This kind of history answers why and how the event happened. It tries to speculate the cause and effect of an event
A
Speculative history
7
Q
According to Ambeth Ocampo, __ is the narrative about past events that has meaning to a certain group of people at a given _ and _.
A
Kasaysayan; time and place
8
Q
What are the uses of history (3Rs)
A
Recall historical details
Realize its importance and values learned
Repeat the good parts of history
9
Q
What is the Greek origin of the word history?
A
Historie (Iotopia), which means learning
10
Q
History is the study of the past, encompassing every _ _ —the social, economic, cultural, and political (CMO 16. S. 2010)
A
human experience
11
Q
These are archeological and anthropological remains. They are the basis for writing history
A
Artifacts
12
Q
This is the act of examining and analyzing records
A
Historical method
13
Q
This pertains to imaginative reconstruction of the past from date derived, which is also known as writing history
A
Historiography
14
Q
These are the materials from which historians construct meaning
A
Sources of data
15
Q
This artifact is from the Manunggul Cave in Palawan. It is considered a National Cultural Treasure
A
Manunggul Jar
16
Q
What is considered the oldest human fossil here in the Philippines
A
Callao Man (67, 000 years old)
17
Q
This is a burial site with 505 burials and 521 associated ceramics from other countries
A
Calatagan Batangas
18
Q
This is considered as the best written source of history
A
Diplomatic or judicial sources
19
Q
To __, history is the study of the relevant past. It is the struggle of the Filipino people for freedom.
A
Agoncillo
20
Q
What is the Greek origin of history, which means learning
A
Historie (iotopia)
21
Q
What is the German origin of history which means to happen
A
Gechchichte/Yeschechen
22
Q
History is the study of the past, encompassing every human experience. (CMO No. __ S. ___)
A
CMO 16. S. 2010
23
Q
State the 4Ps of Pantayong Pananaw by Zeus Salazar
A
Pansila, Pangkayo, Pangkami, Pantayo
24
Q
True or false: A historical context can only be studied in a human setting
A
True
25
This refers to the whole history of the past
History as actuality
26
This refers to the surviving record of history
History as a record
27
It refers to examining and analyzing historical sources
Historical method
28
It refers to the imaginative reconstruction of the past from data derived; considered as the writing of history
Historiography
29
It provides evidence about the existence of an event; it refers to the materials from which historians construct meaning
Sources of historical data
30
These are the raw materials of historical research--they are the documents closest to the topic of investigation
Primary sources
31
What are examples of primary sources
Autobiographies and memoirs
Diaries
Interviews and surveys
Emails and blogs
Photograph and drawing
Works of arts and literature
Speeches and oral histories
Original documents (birth certificates, property deeds)
Research data (census statistics)
Records of organizations and government agencies
All artifacts (tools, coins, clothing)
Government documents
Patents
32
These offer an analysis or a restatement of primary sources; they attempt to describe or explain primary sources
Secondary sources
33
What are examples of secondary sources
Bibliographies
Biographical works
Reference books (encyclopedias)
Magazines, journals, newspapers
Literature reviews
History books
Works of criticism and interpretation
Commentaries and treatises
34
What is the process of historical analysis?
1. Selection of a subject for investigation
2. Collection of probable sources of information
3. Examination of the source's authenticity
35
True or false: If the evaluation of an available source shows any indication that it is an interpretative work rather than a factual firsthand account, it is considered as a secondary source.
True
36
True or false: Even primary sources can be biased in some way
True
37
What are the two kinds of unwritten sources of history
Material evidence
Oral evidence
38
What are examples of material evidences
artistic creations - ottery, jewelry, dwellings, graves, churches and roads
39
What are examples of relics in the Philippines?
Manunggul Jar - a national cultural treasure
Tabon Cave Fossil of Palawan - noo at ulo ng taong tabon
Callao Man - oldest human fossil in the Philippines
Calatagan Batangas (burial site)
40
What are examples of oral evidences
tales or sagas of ancient people
songs or popular rituals
interviews
41
What are categories of written sources
Narrative, diplomatic, social document
42
These are chronicles or tracts presented in narrative form, written to impart a message
Narrative source
43
These are treated as the best written source by historians
Diplomatic sources
44
Examples of this written source are records kept by bureaucracies, municipal accounts, research findings, civil registry records, records of census
Social document
45
It is an account of individual experience which reveals the individual's actions as a participant in social life
Human document
46
What are the two important goals of historical criticism
1. to discover the original meaning of the text in its literal sense
2. to establish a reconstruction of the historical situation of the author and recipients of the text
47
What are the two types of historical criticism?
external and internal criticism
48
This type of historical criticism is also called the provenance of a source, it is used to determine the authenticity of the material
External criticism
49
This type of historical criticism investigates credibility. It is about weighing the testimony to the truth. It involves the author's mental process and ability to tell the truth
Internal criticism
50
According to Zeus Salazar "ang ___ ay isang ___ na may ___ sa mga taong ____"
"Ang kasaysayan ay isang salaysay na may saysay sa mga taong nagsasaysay"
51
According to ___ history is the struggle of the Filipino people for freedom
Agoncillo
52
According to __ history is written by the victors--kasaysayan is the history of the inarticulate
Constantino
53
True or false: hearsay and secondary evidence is not discarded by historians as long as they are reliable and competent
True, because they are not in a court room and they do not have to make judgements or pass sentences
54
This type of historical criticism deals with the questions: when and where the document was written; who is the real author; why did the document survive
External criticism
55
What are Garaghan's six points of inquiries to evaluate the authenticity of a primary source?
Date
Localization
Authorship
Analysis
Integrity
Credibility
56
What are the seven internal criteria for evaluating sources according to Howell and Prevenier
Genealogy of the document
Genesis of the document
Originality of the document
Interpretation of the document
Authorship of the document
The competence of the observer
The trustworthiness of the observer
57
In evaluating sources, this refers to the document may be original, a copy, or a copy of the copy
Genealogy
58
In evaluating sources, this refers to the situations and authorities during the document's productions
Genesis of the document
59
In evaluating sources, it refers to the nature of the document, whether it's hearsay or secondary evidence
Originality of the document
60
In evaluating sources, it refers to deducing meaning from the documents
Interptretation of the document
61
In evaluating sources, this refers to the relationship of the document's subject matter and its author
Authorship of the document
62
In evaluating sources, it refers to the author's capabilities and qualifications to critically comprehend and report
Competence of the observer
63
In evaluating sources, it refers to the author's integrity--whether he or she fabricates or reports truthfully
Trustworthiness of the observer
64
When was the Katipunan founded?
July 7, 1892
65
What does KKK mean?
Kataas-taasang Kagalang-galangang Katipunan nang manga Anak nang Bayan
66
When was the secret organization (KKK) discovered by Spanish officials
August 19, 1896
67
When was the "Katipunan and the Revolution Memoirs of a General" by Santiago Alvarez published
1992
68
When was the first meeting between the two factions convened?
March 25, 1897
69
In the primary source, who was set to undermine the assembly in Tejeros
Mr. Daniel Tirona and many Magdiwang leaders
70
Who proposed that the goal of the meeting at Tejeros should be to set a new kind of government
Severino de las Alas
71
According to Bonifacio what did the K in the middle of the Katipunan flag symbolize?
Kalayaan
72
Which Magdalo member angered General Apoy by arguing that if they would not agree on a kind of revolutionary government, they would be no better than a pack of bandits or wild, mindless animals
Mr. Montenegro
73
True or false: General Apoy ordered that Mr. Montenegro be arrested after what he said
True
74
Who is Dr. Jose Rizal's sister and widow who pleaded with General Apoy not to arrest Mr. Montenegro?
Trining; Josephine
75
Who helped distribute the ballots who were already filled out without the voters doing it themselves?
Mr. Daniel Tirona
76
Was Emilio Aguinaldo present during the meeting at Tejeros?
He was not present during the assembly although he won the presidency
77
Who is the Magdalo member who proposed that the Director of Interior should not be given to Bonifacio but a lawyer of their town, Jose del Rosario
Mr. Daniel Tirona
78
What kind of gun did Bonifacio pull out to shoot at Mr. Tirona?
Revolver
79
Who is the president of the Magdalo faction?
Baldomero Aguinaldo
80
The night after the assembly at Tejeros, some Magdalo members were in the Parish house of the Catholic church at Tanza and they were conferring with the priest Fr. ___ ____
Fr. Cenon Villafranca
81
Who called another meeting after the tumultuous event to continue and revalidate the proceedings of the election meeting at Tejeros
Magdalo Pres. Baldomero Aguinaldo
82
What happened on March 27, 1897 at the Tanza parish house?
Those elected at the Tejeros convention held a secret oath-taking ceremony officiated by F. Cenon Villafranca
83
What happened at Imus on March 25, 1897?
The Spaniards captured and occupied the town of Imus in the afternoon of March 25, 1897
84
What is the title of the book that Teodoro Agonicllo wrote
Revolt of the Masses
85
What is the title of Chapter 12 in Teodoro Agoncillo's Revolt of the Masses?
Seeds of Discontent
86
When did Bonifacio went to Cavite to heed the invitation of Artemio Ricarte upon the instruction fof Mariano Alvarez
December 1896
87
In the secondary source, the Magdalo leaders saw Bonifacio's gestures and behavior that he regarded himself superior and "acted as if he were a ___"
king
88
What was the content of the first letter written by Bonifacio to his uncle Mariano Alvarez?
After failing to arrest a Magdalo man in the house of Juan Castaneda, Bonifacio invited his uncle to talk in private so that his uncle might explain the organization to him
89
According to the secondary source, where was the first meeting between the two factions called?
Imus, Cavite
90
The Katipunan government is what type of government?
Republican
91
What was Bonifacio's reason for writing a letter to his uncle Mariano Alvarez for the second time?
To express his resentment over the results of the elections
92
Who acted as Chairman of the assembly at Tejeros?
Jacinto Lumbreras
93
Sino ang ama ng himagsikan
Andres Bonifacio
94
Sino ang utak ng himagsikan?
Emilio Jacinto
95
Sino ang ama ng rebolusyon?
Emilio Aguinaldo
96
Sino ang utak ng rebolusyon
Apolinario Mabini
97
When was the revolt of the masses published?
1956
98
Who is the author of the Customs of the Tagalog?
Juan de Plasencia
99
What is the real name of Juan de Plasencia
Joan de Puerto Carrero, del convento de Villanueva de la Serena
100
What are some of the famous works of Juan de Plasencia?
Art of Language
Collection of Tagalog Phrases
Christian Doctrines
Diccionario Tagalog
101
Why was the customs of the tagalog written?
To give the alcaldes-mayor an explanation about the happenings within the society
102
What are the spokesperson of datos called?
Umalohokan (town chief)
103
What are the chief who governed the people and were captains in their wars whom they obeyed and revered called?
Datos
104
This refers to a family of parents and children, relations and slaves
Barangay/Balangay/Balanghai
105
This refers to the condition in which individuals are owned by others who controls their lives
Slavery
106
What are the three castes?
nobles, commoners, slaves
107
They are the one who mostly owns the slaves
Maharlica (Nobles)
108
These are the ones who accompany dato's and serve them
Aliping namamahay (commoners)
109
They serve in the master's house or land; they can be sold and transferred to a new master
Aliping sa Guiguilir (Slaves)
110
How were the children divided between the mother and father?
The first to fifth, whether male or female, belonged to the father. The sixth and so on belonged to the mother.
111
These are given by men to the women's parents before marriage. If the parents are both alive, they both enjoy the use of it
Dowries
112
This means a temple or place of adoration
Simbahan
113
True or false: The Tagalogs didn't have temples consecrated to the performing of sacrifices and practice of idolatry
True
114
What is the name of the festival that they celebrate, which also means worship?
Pandot/Nagaanitos
115
Where did they celebrate their festivals/pandot?
Large house of a chief
116
This is the headgear of the Tagalogs, which symbolizes the number of persons the wearer had killed
Putong
117
Give examples of idols that they worship
Bathala
Lic-ha
Dian masalanta
Lacapati masalanta
Tala
Seven little goats
Mapolon
Balatic
118
Witch: Man or woman of powerful rank, usually a priest who officiates their worship to the devil
Catalonan
119
What was the Philippines called back then?
Islas Felipinas/Filipinas Islands
120
This idol signified "all powerful" or "maker of all things"
Bathala
121
The Tagalogs worshipped a morning star called
Tala
122
This is the patron of loves and of generation
Dian Masalanta
123
Patrons of the cultivated lands and of husbandry
Lacapati and Idianale
124
They paid reverence to water lizards, which they called
Buaya
125
What were the Tagalog's objects of sacrifice to the devil?
Goats, fowls, swine, which were flayed and decapitated
126
Witch: They pretend to heal the sick; can cause death and maladies/sickness; and can prolong life
Mangagauay
127
Witch: They can cause infidelity, impotence, and sickness; when husbands leave their wives a sickness falls upon them
Manyisalat
128
Witch: His duty was to emit fire from himself at night which could not be extinguished unless he wallowed in the ordure and filth which falls from the houses; and he who lived the house where the priest was wallowing fell ill and died
Mancocolam
129
Witch: They are greater than the mangagauay. They can kill anyone by saluting or raising their hand. They can also heal those whom they made ill by their charms. They can also destroy houses of Indian hostiles
Hocloban
130
Witch: If they saw anyone in white they tear out his liver and eat it
Silagan
131
Witch: Show himself at night to many persons without his head or entrails. He walked about and pretended to carry his head to different places. Then, the next morning returned to his body alive.
Magtatangal
132
Witch: Also called sorcerer, this witch can fly; he murders men and ate their flesh
Osuang
133
Witch: They made charms for lovers out of herbs, stones, and wood to infuse the heart with love
Mangangayoma
134
Witch: Equivalent to a preacher, his office helps someone die, at which time he predicted the salvation or condemnation of the soul
Sonat
135
Witch: Is a soothsayer, and predicted the future
Pangatahohan
136
Witch: Signified a cotquean, this is a man acting as a woman
Bayoguin
137
What do they do with girls when they have their monthly periods?
They are blindfolded for four days and four nights while their friends and family eat and drink.
138
What is the other life of rest or, in other words, the village of rest called where people who are just and possessed moral virtues went?
Maca
139
What is the place of punishment, grief, and affliction (place of anguish) called?
Casanaan
140
What did they call the demons that dwelt in Casanaan?
Sitans
141
What were the ghosts and phantoms called?
Vibit and tigbalaang
142
What are the spokesperson of Datos called?
Umalohokan (town chief)
143
When did the Magellan-Elcano expedition begin and how many how many men were with them?
August 20, 1519; 270 men
144
Of the five ships, only how many reached the Phlippines?
three
145
When did Elcano and the 17 survivors arrive in Spain aboard the ship Victoria
September 7, 1522
146
Who is the interpreter of Magellan who could speak in Malay language?
Enrique de Malacca
147
What is the name of the island where Magellan and his men stayed?
Homonhon (Humunu)
148
What does casi-casi mean?
To be an ally/brother of someone (sanduguan)
149
Who are teh two kings/rajas who accepted Magellan?
Raja/Raia Colambu and Raja/Raia Siaui
150
When was the first mass held in the Philippines?
March 31, 1521 (Easter Sunday)
151
What did Magellan say was the reason for putting up a cross on the summit of the highest mountain?
To protect the island from harm; it was put in the summit so that every morning the would adore it, and if they did, neither thunder or storms would harm them
152
What did the captain tell the locals if they wished to become Christians?
1. They must burn their idols and set up a cross in their place
2. They must adore the cross daily with clasped hands every morning and they were to make the sign of the cross and they ought to come hourly to that cross and adore it kneeling
153
What was the name of the queen who was baptized by the Spaniards?
Juana/Johanna after the Emperror's mother
154
How many were Cebuano's were baptized ont the first recorded conversion in the Philippines on April 14, 1521
800 souls
155
What miracle did Magellan do in the island of Zubu to convince the people there to burn their idols and convert to Christianity?
He healed the prince (King Humabon's brother) who was paralyzed
156
Who is the king of Matan/Mactan who refused to render obedience to Magellan?
Cilapulapu/Lapu-Lapu
157
How many Mactan houses did the Spaniards burn?
Twenty to thirty
158
Why was Magellan unable to draw his sword?
He had been wounded in the arm with a bamboo spear
159
How did Pigafetta desribe Magellan when he died?
He said that the Mactans had killed their mirror, light, comfort, and true guide
160
When did the battle in Mactan between Magellan and Lapu-Lapu's troops happen?
April 27, 1521
161
How many were killed in the battle of Mactan among the Mactans and among Magellan's troops?
Mactans: 15
Spaniards: 8
162
How many years did the first voyage led by Magellan lasted?
Three
163
What ship completed the circumnavigation of the globe?
Victoria
164
What are the relevances of the first voyage?
1. proved that the earth is not flat and demolished the myth that there is boiling water at the equator
2. Increased geographical knowledge of mankind
3. It's possible to sail around the world
4. The gateway of globalization
5. Proved that the Portuguese route is not the only way to the Spice Islands; one can go to the east by sailing west
6. Discovery of the Pacific Ocean (Mar Pacifico)
7. Enriched Philippine historiography
8. Used for exploring the beginning of Christianity in the Philippines
