PRELIMS

Question 1

Originated from Old French, from Latin Scientia,
from scire ‘know’. A knowledge about or study of
the natural world based on facts learned through
experiments and observation.

Answer 1

Science

Question 2

According to Famous American Science Historian: “Modern is a discovery of a well as an invention.”

Answer 2

John Heilbron

Question 3

He considered science as a discovery of regularity in nature, enough for natural phenomena to be described by principles and laws.

Answer 3

John Heilbron

Question 4

He also explained that science
required invention to devise techniques,
abstractions, apparatuses, and
organizations to describe these natural
regularities and their law-like descriptions.

Answer 4

John Heilbron

Question 5

According to American computer programmer: “What defines a technological tool—one historical definition—is something that takes a
human’s sense or ability and augments it and makes it more powerful.

Answer 5

Mark Elliot Zuckerberg

Question 6

One of the world’s most
powerful business leaders, he gave
a revealing answer about how he thinks
about the role of technology.

Answer 6

Mark Elliot Zuckerberg

Question 7

According to South African-born British developmental biologist: He is an author, and broadcaster. He is recognized for his work on the intracellular positional information that guides cellular development.

Answer 7

Lewis Wolpert

Question 8

The idea that science is dangerous is deeply embedded in our culture, particularly in literature, yet science provides the best way of understanding the world. Science is not the same as technology.

Answer 8

Lewis Wolpert

Question 9

According to American astronomer: He was an American astronomer, planetary scientist, cosmologist,
astrophysicist, astrobiologist, author, and science communicator. especially with his public television series Cosmos.

Answer 9

Carl Edward Sagan

Question 10

“We live in a society absolutely dependent on science and technology and yet have cleverly arranged things so that almost no one understands science and technology. That’s a clear prescription for disaster.”

Answer 10

Carl Edward Sagan

Question 11

is a relatively new academic field. Its roots lie in the interwar period and continue into the start of the Cold War, when historians and sociologists of science, and scientists themselves, became interested in the relationship between scientific knowledge,
technological systems, and society.

Answer 11

Science and Technology Studies (STS)

Question 12

is a relatively new academic field. It builds bridges between disciplines that do not ordinarily meet each other in the undergraduate curriculum, such as sociology and science, law and science, anthropology and technology, environmental science and political theory, or technology and philosophy.

Answer 12

Science and Technology Studies (STS)

Question 13

explores in rich and compelling ways
what difference it makes to human societies that we, collectively, are producers and users of science and technology.

Answer 13

Science and Technology Studies (STS)

Question 14

Top 10 list of ethical dilemmas in science
and technology

Answer 14

1. Helix
2. The Robot Priest
3. Emotional Sensing Facial Recognition
4. Ransomware
5. The textalyzer
6. Social Credit Systems
7. Google Clips
8. Sentencing Software
9. The rise of robot friendship
10. The citizen app

Question 15

During the growth of the ancient civilizations, ancient technology was the result from advances in engineering in ancient times.

Answer 15

Ancient Period

Question 16

This section includes the advances in
technology and the development of several engineering sciences in historic times before the Middle Ages, which began after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476, the
death of Justinian I in the 6th century, the coming of Islam in the 7th century, or the rise of Charlemagne in the 8th century

Answer 16

Ancient Period

Question 17

Ancient Civilizations

Answer 17

A. Africa
B. Mesopotamia
C. Egypt
D. Greece
E. Ancient China
F. Roman Empire

Question 18

Verge escapement/mechanical clocks
replaced _________.

Answer 18

hourglasses

Question 19

The Blast furnace first appeared in
___________ and ____________.

Answer 19

Switzerland and Germany

Question 20

The wheelbarrow was invented in the _______.

Answer 20

Middle Ages

Question 21

has a history stretching to the beginning of the human species, stretching back to the first evidence of tool
use by hominid ancestors in the areas of Africa where humans are believed to have
evolved.

Answer 21

Africa

Question 22

saw the advent of some of the earliest iron working technology in the Aïr
Mountains region of what is today Niger and the erection of some of the world’s oldest monuments, pyramids and towers in Egypt, Nubia, and North Africa.

Answer 22

Africa

Question 23

In ___________, glazed quartzite and building in brick was developed to a greater extent than in Egypt

Answer 23

Nubia and ancient Kush

Question 24

saw the creation of the world’s oldest carbon steel creation with high-temperature blast furnaces created by
the Haya people of Tanzania.

Answer 24

African Swahili Coast

Question 25

is contemporaneous with the evolution of the genus Homo, with the possible exception of the early, when species prior to Homo may have manufactured tools.

Answer 25

Stone Age

Question 26

is a historical period that was characterized by the use of bronze, in some areas proto-writing, and other early features of urban civilization.

Answer 26

Bronze age

Question 27

second principal period of the three-age Stone-Bronze-Iron system

Answer 27

Bronze age

Question 28

the three-age Stone-Bronze-Iron system, as proposed in modern times by ______________________, for classifying and studying ancient societies.

Answer 28

Christian Jürgensen Thomsen

Question 29

is the final epoch of the three-age division of the prehistory and protohistory of humanity. The concept has been mostly applied to Europe and the Ancient Near East, and, by analogy, also to other parts of the Old World.

Answer 29

Iron Age

Question 30

They were one of the first Bronze Age people in the world. Early on they used copper, bronze and gold, and later they used iron.

Answer 30

Mesopotamia

Question 31

were used for armor as well as for different weapons such as swords, daggers, spears, and maces.

Answer 31

copper, bronze, and iron

Question 32

invented and used many simple machines, such as the ramp to aid construction processes.

Answer 32

Egyptian/ Egypt

Question 33

They were among the first to extract gold by large-scale mining using fire-setting, and the first recognizable map, the Turin papyrus shows the plan of one such mine in Nubia.

Answer 33

Egypt

Question 34

had a (still not very effective) cavalry arm (indeed, it has been argued that these early horseback riding soldiers may have given rise to the development of the later, heavily armed foot-soldiers known as hoplite), and the rocky terrain of the Greek mainland was unsuited for wheeled vehicles.

Answer 34

Greece

Question 35

from Mycenaean palaces record large inventories of chariots, sometimes with specific details as to how many chariots were assembled or not (i.e., stored in modular form).

Answer 35

Linear B Tablets (Greece)

Question 36

the compass, gunpowder, paper making, and printing were among the most important technological advances, only known in Europe by the end of the Middle Ages.

Answer 36

Ancient China

Question 37

According to the Scottish researcher ______________, the Chinese made many firstknown discoveries and developments.

Answer 37

Joseph Needham

Question 38

Major technological contributions include early seismological detectors, matches, paper, the double-action piston pump, cast iron, the iron plough, the multi-tube seed drill, the suspension bridge, natural gas as fuel, the magnetic compass, the raised-relief map, the propeller, the crossbow, the south-pointing chariot, and gunpowder.

Answer 38

Ancient China

Question 39

block printing and movable type, phosphorescent paint, and the spinning wheel.

Answer 39

Ancient China

Question 40

is the collection of techniques, skills, methods, processes, and engineering practices utilized and developed by the civilization of ancient Rome

Answer 40

Roman technology

Question 41

was a technologically advanced civilization of antiquity.

Answer 41

Roman Empire

Question 42

incorporated technologies from the Greeks, Etruscans, and Celts.

Answer 42

Romans

Question 43

The main types of power accessed by the ancient Romans were ________, ________, and ________.

Answer 43

human, animal, and water

Question 44

The spinning wheel was invented in ______.

Answer 44

India

Question 45

The Tidal Mill first appeared in _______.

Answer 45

Ireland

Question 46

was an early computer.

Answer 46

Astrolabe

Question 47

is a curved blade weapon

Answer 47

Panabas (Philippines)

Question 48

hilt is sometimes wrapped with rattan to improve the grip. The two holes on the crossguard are where the metal "staples" (C- or U-shaped) go, as additional protection for the wielder's hand.

Answer 48

kampilan

Question 49

regularly used in performances by Kontra-Gapi, a modern music ensemble from the Philippines

Answer 49

five-key bamboo version

Question 50

The Revolution was the paradigm shift from the Ptolemaic model of the heavens, which described the cosmos as having Earth stationary at the center of the universe, to the heliocentric model with the Sun at the center of the Solar System.

Answer 50

Copernican Revolution

Question 51

was a Renaissance-era mathematician and astronomer, who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than Earth at the center of the universe,

Answer 51

NICOLAUS COPERNICUS

Question 52

NICOLAUS COPERNICUS is also called

Answer 52

Tolosani

Question 53

gives us an important framework for understanding the Universe. The Universe and everything in it can be understood and predicted using a set of basic physical laws (“rules”).

Answer 53

Copernican Revolution

Question 54

Copernicus' model for the solar system is _______, with the planets circling the sun rather than Earth.

Answer 54

heliocentric

Question 55

Copernicus dedicated the book to (Pope: 1534-49) who was known for his astrological predilection:

Answer 55

Paul III

Question 56

This astrologer is promoted to a cardinal because he had twice forecasted his election to the Papacy

Answer 56

(Luca Gaurico)

Question 57

believed that the heavenly bodies' circular motions were caused by their being attached to unseen revolving solid spheres.

Answer 57

Ptolemy

Question 58

theory was that new species arise naturally, by a process of evolution, rather than having been created—forever immutable—by God.

Answer 58

The Evolution of Charles Darwin

Question 59

Charles Darwin's theory of evolution states that evolution happens by ______________.

Answer 59

natural selection.

Question 60

Individuals with characteristics best suited to their environment are more likely to survive, finding food, avoiding predators and resisting disease.

Answer 60

Natural selection

Question 61

is centrally important in the development of scientific and humanist ideas because he first made people aware of their place in the evolutionary process when the most powerful and intelligent form of life discovered how humanity had evolved.

Answer 61

Charles Darwin

Question 62

Darwin's theory of evolution, also called ________, can be further divided into 5 parts: "evolution as such", common descent, gradualism, population speciation, and natural selection (The Darwinian Revolution).

Answer 62

Darwinism

Question 63

Darwin's theory of evolution, also called Darwinism, can be further divided into 5 parts:

Answer 63

"evolution as such", common descent, gradualism, population speciation, and natural selection

Question 64

may be viewed as the discovery of a way of locating in the mind objective entities which can be studied like physical things

Answer 64

Freudian Revolution

Question 65

argued that personality is formed through conflicts among three fundamental structures of the human mind: the id, ego, and superego.

Answer 65

the psychoanalytic theory of personality development

Question 66

is based on the work of Sigmund Freud (1856-1939).

Answer 66

Freudian psychology

Question 67

is best known for his theories of the unconscious mind, dreams, infantile sexuality, libido, repression, and transference—all of which continue to influence the field of psychology to varying degree.

Answer 67

Freud

Question 68

Filipinos were already aware of the medicinal and therapeutic properties of plants and the methods of extracting medicine from herbs.

Answer 68

Pre-Colonial Period

Question 69

They already had an alphabet, number system, a weighing and measuring system and a calendar. Filipinos were already engaged in farming, shipbuilding, mining and weaving.

Answer 69

Pre-Colonial Period

Question 70

introduced formal education and founded scientific institution.

Answer 70

Spanish Colonial Period

Question 71

Parish schools were established where religion, reading, writing, arithmetic and music was taught. Sanitation and more advanced methods of agriculture was taught to the natives. Established colleges and universities in the archipelago including the University of Santo Tomas

Answer 71

Spanish Colonial Period

Question 72

inclined towards agriculture, food processing, medicine and pharmacy. Not much focus was given on the development of industrial technology due to free trade policy with the United States which nurtured an economy geared towards agriculture and trade.

Answer 72

American Period and Post-Commonwealth Era

Question 73

the importance given to science grew. In the amended 1973 Philippine Constitution, Article XV, Section 9 (1), he declared that the "advancement of science and technology shall have priority in the national development." In his two terms of presidency and during Martial Law, he enacted many laws promoting science and technology.

Answer 73

Marcos Era and Martial Law

Question 74

In 1986, during Corazon Aquino's presidency, the National Science and Technology Authority was replaced by the Department of Science and Technology, giving science and technology a representation in the cabinet.

Answer 74

Fifth Republic

Question 75

Under the Medium Term Philippine Development Plan for the years 1987-1992, science and technology's role in the economic recovery and sustained economic growth was highlighted. During Corazon Aquino's State of the Nation Address in 1990, she said that science and technology development shall be one of the top three priorities of the government towards an economic recovery.

Answer 75

Fifth Republic

Question 76

widely credited as the brainchild of Dr. Fe del Mundo. This makeshift device is relatively inexpensive and easy to reproduce, making it ideal for use in rural communities and areas with no electricity.

Answer 76

bamboo incubator

Question 77

is an antibiotic used in treating infections of the respiratory tract, Legionnaire’s disease, and diphtheria, as well as urinary tract infections and sexually transmitted diseases such as syphilis.

Answer 77

Erythromycin

Question 78

Dr. _____________ stumbled upon 𝘚𝘵𝘳𝘦𝘱𝘵𝘰𝘮𝘺𝘤𝘦𝘴 𝘦𝘳𝘺𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘢𝘦𝘶𝘴 (now 𝘚𝘢𝘤𝘤𝘩𝘢𝘳𝘰𝘱𝘰𝘭𝘺𝘴𝘱𝘰𝘳𝘢 𝘦𝘳𝘺𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘢𝘦𝘢), the bacteria that would lead to the discovery of erythromycin.

Answer 78

Dr. Abelardo Aguilar.

Question 79

a relatively new board game invented by, you guessed it, a Filipino.

Answer 79

Challenge 21

Question 80

a 68-year-old retired economics professor and Philippine Ports Authority officer who invented challenge 21.

Answer 80

Mr. Leonardo Meija Yu

Question 81

believed that smudging (smoking) was tedious and expensive. Furthermore, the process also emits pollutants into the atmosphere. He proposed an alternative: the use of a chemical spray called Ethrel (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid)

Answer 81

Ramon Barba

Question 82

a native from Cagayan Valley, developed the first single-chip 16-bit microprocessor-based calculator in the 1970s. He went on to create the world’s first system logic chip sets in 1981, which allowed the integration of all of a computer’s essential data processing features into a small package. He did not stop there, though. Banatao eventually came up with the first Windows Graphics accelerator chip for personal computers. Thanks to these breakthroughs, he earned himself a permanent place in the history of PC development.

Answer 82

Diosdado Banatao

Question 83

allowed the integration of all of a computer’s essential data processing features into a small package.

Answer 83

system logic chip sets