PRELIMS LEC 1: BIOCHEMICAL ENERGY

Question 1

It is the study of chemical substances found in living organisms and the chemical interactions of these substances with each other.

Answer 1

BIOCHEMISTRY

Question 2

4 Main Macromolecules:

Answer 2

CARBOHYDRATES
PROTEINS
NUCLEIC ACIDS
LIPIDS

Question 3

Micromolecules that make up the macromolecules:

Answer 3

1. CARBON
2. HYDROGEN
3. OXYGEN
4. NITROGEN
5. PHOSPHORUS
6. SULFUR

Question 4

BIOCHEMICAL SUBSTANCES

• DO NOT contain carbon ex. water, inorganic salts

Answer 4

BIOINORGANIC SUBSTANCE

Question 5

BIOCHEMICAL SUBSTANCES

• contains Carbon

ex. Protein (15%), Lipids (8%), Carbohydrates (2%), Nucleic acid (2%)

Answer 5

BIOORGANIC SUBSTANCES

Question 6

• The structural units of biopolymers/biochemicals.
  -It also form macromolecule

Answer 6

MONOMERS

Question 7

A chain of macromolecules; one large molecule (glucose, salt)

Answer 7

POLYMER

Question 8

It is the SUM TOTAL of all chemical reactions in a living organism.

Answer 8

METABOLISM

Question 9

TRUE or FALSE

METABOLISM always require energy (ATP).

Answer 9

TRUE

Question 10

The breakdown of larger molecules which LEADS TO OXYGEN PRODUCTION.
(example: oxidation of glucose)

Answer 10

CATABOLISM

Question 11

The synthesis of larger molecules which causes OXYGEN CONSUMPTION.

Answer 11

ANABOLISM

Question 12

example: lipid synthesis, carbon synthesis

Answer 12

ANABOLISM

Question 13

A SERIES of consecutive BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS used to convert a starting material into an end product.

Answer 13

METABOLIC PATHWAY

Question 14

2 METABOLIC PATHWAY

Answer 14

1. Linear Pathway (irreversible)
2. Cyclic Pathway (reversible)

Question 15

It has “false” nucleus; has nucleoid; found in bacteria.

Answer 15

PROKARYOTIC CELL

Question 16

true; it has nucleus ; found in humans and animals.

Answer 16

EUKARYOTIC CELL

Question 17

NUCLEOTIDE-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS
- An important structural unit of RNA.

Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

Answer 17

Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)

Question 18

NUCLEOTIDE-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS
- cannot be an energy source; an important component of all metabolic
pathways

Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

Answer 18

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

Question 19

NUCLEOTIDE-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS
- energy source; an important component of all metabolic pathways; source of phosphate groups.

Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

Answer 19

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 20

NUCLEOTIDE-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS
- when ATP undergoes phosphorylation; special characteristic: hybrid phosphate group.

Answer 20

Cyclic AMP

Question 21

It is the enzyme needed to
convert ATP to ADP

Answer 21

HEXOKINASE

Question 22

Role of Other Nucleotide Triphosphates in Metabolism
* involved in CARBOHYDRATE metabolism

Uridine triphosphate (UTP)
Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)
Cytidine triphosphate (CTP)

Answer 22

Uridine triphosphate (UTP)

Question 23

Role of Other Nucleotide Triphosphates in Metabolism
* involved in PROTEIN and CARBOHYDRATE metabolism

Uridine triphosphate (UTP)
Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)
Cytidine triphosphate (CTP)

Answer 23

Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)

Question 24

Role of Other Nucleotide Triphosphates in Metabolism
* involved in lipid metabolism

Uridine triphosphate (UTP)
Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)
Cytidine triphosphate (CTP)

Answer 24

Cytidine triphosphate (CTP)

Question 25

What are the 3 nucleotide containing compounds that could be a source of phosphate group in CARBOHYDRATES group?

Answer 25

ATP, UTP, GDP

Question 26

Coenzymes that assist in speeding up metabolic reactions.

Answer 26

1. FLAVIN ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE FAD) 2. NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE (NAD +)

Question 27

TRUE OR FALSE * In cellular reactions, ATP function only as a source of energy.

Answer 27

FALSE, in cellular reactions, ATP functions as both a SOURCE OF PHOSPHATE GROUP and SOURCE OF ENERGY

Question 28

It is the derivative of Vitamin B; special characteristic: has one active subunit (SULFHYDRYL group).

Answer 28

COENZYME A

Question 29

What is the active subunit of Coenzyme A?

Answer 29

SULFHYDRYL GROUP

Question 30

Which METABOLIC ACID does these carboxylate ions belong: Malate, Oxaloacetate, Fumarate

Answer 30

SUCCINIC ACID

Question 31

Which METABOLIC ACID does these carboxylate ions belong: a- Ketoglutarate and Citrate

Answer 31

GLUTARIC ACID

Question 32

This gland releases the enzyme PTYALIN.

Answer 32

PAROTID GLAND

Question 33

Initial metabolism of food begins in the?

Answer 33

ORAL CAVITY

Question 34

What is the enzyme produced by the PANCREAS that is responsible for the conversion of the polysaccharide form of carbohydrates to monosaccharide form.

Answer 34

AMYLOPSIN

Question 35

The acidity of in the stomach inactivate PTYALIN.

Answer 35

HYDROCHLORIC ACID

Question 36

It is the starch hydrolyzing enzyme.

Answer 36

PTYALIN

Question 37

It is the byproduct of the oxidation process.

Answer 37

PYRUVATE

Question 38

_____ will uptake the excess glucose (store ATP/energy in the mitochondria)

Answer 38

CELLS

Question 39

Store glucose in a form of GLYCOGEN or also called GLYCOGENESIS.

Answer 39

MUSCLE AND LIVER

Question 40

This is where LIPOGENESIS (stored FATS) occur and GLUCOSE will serve as a substrate.

Answer 40

ADIPOSE TISSUES

Question 41

glucose levels rise

Answer 41

30 MINS AFTER EATING

Question 42

The glucose levels is at its peak.

Answer 42

1 HOUR AFTER EATING

Question 43

The glucose levels go back to normal.

Answer 43

AFTER 2 HOURS

Question 44

Protein metabolism occurs, with the use of the enzyme called ________

Answer 44

PEPSIN