PRELIMS - LESSON 2

Question 1

Most animals are ______, meaning that the cells of adults contain two copies of the genetic material.

Answer 1

diploid

Question 2

The Animals which give birth to live offspring are called _____

Answer 2

live-bearing or viviparous

Question 3

The animals which lay eggs are called _____

Answer 3

egg-laying or oviparous.

Question 4

Gestation periods vary from ____to____. Most of the live-bearing species sold for aquariums such as Mollies, Platies, guppies and Swordtails typically gestate for about 28 to 34 days

Answer 4

28 to 114 days.

Question 5

_____ species have indirect life cycles and are ________

Answer 5

Camallanus

live-bearing nematodes.

Question 6

Camallanus species have indirect life cycles and are live-bearing nematodes.

They are considered “_______”
(“ovo” is the scientific term for “___” and “viviparous” means _______), as females incubate the eggs which hatch into larvae within their bodies

Answer 6

OVOVIVIPAROUS

egg

live-bearing

Question 7

Parthenogenesis is Greek for “_______”

Answer 7

Virgin birth

Question 8

Parthenogenesis has been recorded in many bony animals but never in ____ until 2001

Answer 8

sharks

Question 9

If sharks really can reproduce with virgin births, that leaves only _____ that cannot reproduce with parthenogenesis

Answer 9

mammals

Question 10

Give some Examples of Parthenogenesis organisms

Answer 10

Komodo dragon

Bonnethead shark

Water lea

Bynoe’s gecko

Warramaba virgo grasshopper

Mulga trees

Question 11

is a type of asexual reproduction. It is most commonly associated with
___ and ___, but some animal species reproduce via budding, too.

A parent organism creates a bud from its own cells, which then form the basis of the offspring organism and develop into an organism resembling the parent.

Answer 11

BUDDING

bacteria and yeast

Question 12

Method of Asexual reproduction in which new individual Develop from small outgrowth (bud) on the parents body

Answer 12

BUDDING

Question 13

is a form of asexual reproduction where a new organism grows from a fragment of the parent. Each fragment develops into a fully grown individual. Fragmentation is seen in many organisms such as animals (some ____and ____), _____, and ____.

Answer 13

FRAGMENTATION

annelid worms and sea stars

fungi and plants

Question 14

______ is the primary method of reproduction of ________. In protists, binary fission is often differentiated into types, such as transverse or longitudinal, depending on the axis of cell separation.

Asexual reproduction in free-living species usually involves ______ and the division of the cell into two _______ of equal size by binary fission.

Answer 14

BINARY FISSION

prokaryotic organisms

nuclear division

identical daughter cells

Question 15

• Combines genetic material from two parents to produce a new individual

• Creates an increase in variation among the offspring

• Populations can adapt to changing environments

• The world is more enjoyable with variation

• Costly - it takes twice as many individuals to produce an offspring

Answer 15

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Question 16

_________ requires two members of the opposite sex, a male and a female. Each one has different reproductive organs. These are called _____

Answer 16

Sexual reproduction in animals

gonads

Question 17

Each individual has one type of gonad: male or female. Example: cats, dogs, deer

Answer 17

UNISEXUAL

Question 18

Each individual has both male and female gonads. Ex. earthworms, snails

Answer 18

HERMAPHRODITES

Question 19

▸ _______- individuals has both male and female reproductive systems.

▸ Although some fertilize themselves, most must mate with another member of same species

► When this occurs the animal serves as both male and female donating and receiving sperm

► IE. Tapeworms and other sessile or burrowing animals

Answer 19

Hermaphroditism

Question 20

__________- reproductive pattern where an individual reverses its sex during its lifetime.

Answer 20

SEQUENTIAL HERMAPHRODITISM

Question 21

► The 2 types of sequential hermaphroditism

• _______ -(female first)

•________ -(Male First)

► IE. Reef fishes called wrasses

Answer 21

Protogynous

Protandrous

Question 22

They are born males, but can turn into females at some point in their lives.

Answer 22

Clownfish

are sequential hermaphrodites.

Question 23

The organs responsible for producing eggs and sperm in fishes are the

______female
______male

Answer 23

ovaries -Female
testes - Male

Question 24

They possess both sets of sexual organs.

Answer 24

HERMAPHRODITES

Question 25

These individuals possess both male and female reproductive organs that are functional at the same time. Examples include earthworms, snails, and slugs

Answer 25

Simultaneous Hermaphrodites

Question 26

____ - produce by the testes and contained in a white fluid called ___

Answer 26

Sperm milt

Question 27

male fish expels semen through a ____. Fish eggs are called ___.

Answer 27

urogenital pore spawn

Question 28

THE REDUCTIVE SYSTEM OF FEMALE FROGS ______- along the back, above the kidneys. The ovaries are small, flat and lobulated in young frogs The wall of the ovaries will be filled with large follicles during breeding season _____ the passageway when the mature egg is released.

Answer 28

Ovaries Cloaca

Question 29

THE PRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF MALE FROGS ______ - pair of yellow wish bean shape testes at the back just above the kidneys. _______ -communicates with urogenital duct. ____ - the make embrace female with his front legs.

Answer 29

Testes Bidder's Canal Amplexus

Question 30

Male reptiles have reproductive organs that are different from females' reptiles The male reptiles possess two testicles The male turtles, tortoises, and crocodiles also have a copulatory organ, which is a single penis. The male lizards and snakes have a copulatory organ, which is a pair of ______ - not connected to urinary tract and is strictly an organ of reproduction

Answer 30

hemi penis

Question 31

THE PRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF BIRDS Birds have sex organs and a series of ____ or ____, which act as passages for the sex cells that are produces within the organs. The male sex organs, called ____, produce ____. Female sex organs, called ____, produce _____. Both have _____ or vent serves as opening for urinary, digestive and reproductive

Answer 31

tubes or ducts testes sperms ovaries eggs Cloaca

Question 32

THE PRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF DOGS The female reproductive systems of dogs and human are very similar which composed of ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix and vagina. _____ site of production of unfertilized eggs and hormones _____ small finger-like tubes serve at the site of fertilization of sperm. The developing embryo matures in the ____ which is attached to the walls of _____.

Answer 32

Ovaries Oviducts uterus placenta