Prematurity And Rubella

Question 1

also known as “German Measles

Answer 1

CRS

Question 2

Crs is characterized by:

Answer 2

○ Maculopapular rash
○ Lymphadenopathy
○ Fever

Question 3

CRS Defects are often rare when the infection occurs in the

Answer 3

20th week or after the 20th week of gestation.

Question 4

If infection occurs 0-28 days before conception

Answer 4

the infant has a 43% chance of being a ected

Question 5

If the infection occurs 0-12 weeks after conception

Answer 5

the chance increases to 51%

Question 6

If the infection occurs 13-26 weeks after conception

Answer 6

the chance is 23%

Question 7

Infants are not generally a ected if rubella is contracted during

Answer 7

The 3rd trimester

Question 8

Gestational age: 1-8 weeks

Answer 8

Cardiac defect (heart) and hearing impairment, other CRS anomalies (80%)

Question 9

Gestational age: 9-12 weeks

Answer 9

Hearing impairment and features of CRS (50%)

Question 10

Gestational age: 13-16 weeks

Answer 10

CRS anomalies (30%), hearing loss is prominent than other features.

Question 11

Chances of fetal damage are minimal or none

Answer 11

> 20 weeks

Question 12

Rubella immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody detected

Answer 12

infants < 6 months old

Question 13

Sustained rubella immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody level detected in serum;

Answer 13

present on at least two occasions between 6 and 12 months of age

Question 14

Any infant < 12 months with suspicion of CRS. The following clinical manifestation should lead to suspicion of CRS:

Answer 14

(1) Congenital heart disease and/or
(2) suspicion of hearing impairment; and/or one or more of the following eye signs: (a) cataract; (b) congenital glaucoma; or (c) pigmentary retinopathy (salt and pepper).

Question 15

An infant of < 12 months in whom a qualified clinician detects:

Answer 15

At least two of the complications listed in group A or one in Group A and one in group B:

Question 16

Cataract(s), congenital glaucoma, congenital heart disease, hearing impairment, pigmentary retinopathy

Answer 16

Group A

Question 17

Purpura, splenomegaly, microcephaly, meningoencephalitis, radiolucent bone disease, jaundi

Answer 17

Group B

Question 18

An infant who is a suspected case with one condition from Group A and meets laboratory criteria for CRS

Answer 18

Lab confirmed CRS

Question 19

An infant who does not have group A clinical signs of CRS but who meets the laboratory criteria for CRS is classified as having congenital rubella

Answer 19

CRI

Question 20

Auditory defect of CRS

Answer 20

sensorineural hearing impairment

Question 21

Neurologic impairment of CRS

Answer 21

○ Microcephaly
○ Cerebral calcifications
○ Meningoencephalitis
○ Behavioral disorders, mental retardation

Question 22

Neonatal manifestations of CRS

Answer 22

○ Low birth weight
○ Interstitial pneumonitis

Question 23

A birth defect where a baby’s head is smaller than expected when compared to babies of the same sex and age.

Answer 23

Microcephaly

Question 24

There are calcium deposits in the brain and the e ects of that vary depending on the severity and area of the calcification

Answer 24

Cerebral calcifications

Question 25

Very rare, life-threatening condition simply means you have meningitis and encephalitis at the same time.

Answer 25

Meningoencephalitis

Question 26

the classic triad of symptoms for CRS are:

Answer 26

1) Sensorineural Hearing Loss 2) Eye Abnormalities 3) Pulmonary Stenosis

Question 27

observed approximately around 58% of the patients

Answer 27

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Question 28

are present among 40% of the patients

Answer 28

eye abnormalities

Question 29

clouding of the lens in the eye that aects vision

Answer 29

Cataract

Question 30

Also called Microphthalmos - This is developmental disorder of the eye in which one or both eyes do not fully develop hence they are small

Answer 30

Microphthalmia

Question 31

The narrowing of the valve between the lower right heart chamber, right ventricle, and the lung arteries (pulmonary artery)

Answer 31

Pulmonary Stenosis

Question 32

Presents as a characteristic as a “blueberry mun rash” - It occurs in organs outside of the bone marrow and it occurs in very diverse condition,

Answer 32

Extramedullary Hematopoiesis

Question 33

less than 37 weeks gestation is ___ baby

Answer 33

Premature

Question 34

(37 to 42 weeks gestation) is a ___ baby

Answer 34

Full term

Question 35

born after 42 weeks gestation is a ___ baby

Answer 35

Post term

Question 36

A pregnant woman experiences regular contractions that result in the opening of the cervix after week 20 and before week 37 of pregnancy.

Answer 36

Pre term labor

Question 37

less than 28 weeks

Answer 37

Extremely preterm

Question 38

28 to 32 weeks

Answer 38

Very preterm

Question 39

32 to 37 weeks

Answer 39

Moderate to late preterm

Question 40

AKA induced preterm delivery - Often recommended by obstetrician and gynecologist when the mother has usually multiple gestations with complications

Answer 40

Elective

Question 41

May or may not have an obvious trigger. Sometimes it could be an infection or placenta abduction.

Answer 41

Spontaneous

Question 42

Risk Factors for Premature Birth

Answer 42

● Cervical Incompetence/ cervical insuciency ● Birth defects in the uterus ● History of preterm delivery ● Infection (UTI or infection of the amniotic membrane) ● Poor nutrition right before during pregnancy ● Pre-eclampsia ● Placenta previa or placental abruption

Question 43

Means that the muscles and cervix are weak and that’s the reason it opens or the woman experiences painful cervical dilation that often results in preterm delivery.

Answer 43

Cervical Incompetence/cervical Insuciency

Question 44

the placenta is located low in the uterus and it may be covering the cervix.

Answer 44

placenta previa,

Question 45

placenta detaches from the uterus and with this one it has an unknown cause.

Answer 45

Placental abruption

Question 46

Often caused by deficiency by the pulmonary surfactant this would aect the breath supply of the infant because this would aect the breath supply of the infant because the pulmonary surfactant plays an important role in maintaining the integrity of the alveoli and is essential for ecient exchange of gasses.

Answer 46

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Question 47

Symptoms: grunting respiration, use of the accessory muscles, nasal flaring

Answer 47

Respiratory distress syndrome

Question 48

under-developed lung which is a chronic lung disease and is often used by prolonged use of ventilators.

Answer 48

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Question 49

caused by the immaturity of the neurologic or mechanical function of the RS because of the immaturity of the system. They do not allow non stop breathing

Answer 49

Apnea

Question 50

High levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream and you will often observe the white part of the eyes or mucous membranes will turn yellow.

Answer 50

Jaundice

Question 51

a type of brain damage that can result from high levels of bilirubin in the baby’s blood and it is associated with athetoid CP and HL.

Answer 51

kernicterus

Question 52

It means that you have a “hole” in your heart - There is an undisclosed hole in aorta and it allows the blood to skip the circulation to the lungs

Answer 52

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

Question 53

Occurs when the glucose in the blood is too low

Answer 53

Hypoglycemia

Question 54

tissue of the intestines are inflamed and causes that part to die or it will form a hole in the babyʼs intestines

Answer 54

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)

Question 55

A disorder of movement, muscle tone, or posture that can be caused by an injury in the brain due to infection, inadequate blood flow, or injury to a newborn’s developing brain either early during pregnancy or while the baby is still young.

Answer 55

CP

Question 56

related to their neurological impairment/cognitive deficits and language impairment,

Answer 56

Impaired learning

Question 57

preterm delivery interferes with the vascularization process of the eye or the forming of blood vessels in the eye = causing blindness

Answer 57

Retinopathy of Prematurity

Question 58

perform worse that their age-matched peers on their total language, receptive language, expressive language, phonological awareness, and grammar abilities by early school age

Answer 58

Children born VPT and have very LBW

Question 59

the associated medical conditions or health complications amongst premature children that affect the structure and function of the brain.

Answer 59

Biological constraints

Question 60

the amount of exploration that the child does during the early stages of his life.

Answer 60

Environmental constraints

Question 61

- While the patient is there, we have to facilitate:

Answer 61

- Facilitates the nutritive sucking process - Discusses the maturation levels of the nutritive sucking with bottle and breastfeeding - Train parents on how to facilitate age-appropriate feeding, swallowing, language/ communication skills - Discuss the red flags in speech-language development and the importance of the early intervention

Question 62

For early intervention or school-based SLPs it is our duty, if the child comes to us and we have already identified that they have a language deficit or they have a persisting language deficit then it is our responsibility to:

Answer 62

● Determine the cause of the language deficits ● Identify children who needs speech-language therapy ● Identify children who may not qualify for therapy services through traditional standardized testing ● Train teachers to incorporate the therapy techniques in class discussions to enhance the child’s classroom learning